Indonesia
Upper-middle income
- Overview
- Obesity prevalence
- Trends over time
- Population breakdowns
- Drivers
- Comorbidities
- Economic impact
- Policies
- Contextual factors
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National obesity risk *7.5/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Childhood obesity risk *7/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Report cards
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Population breakdowns
Drivers
Insufficient activity
Soft drink consumption
Fruit consumption
Vegetable consumption
Fast food consumption
Processed meat consumption
Grains consumption
Depression
Anxiety
Roots of obesity »
Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.Breastfeeding
Unaffordable diet
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Comorbidities
Oesophageal cancer
Breast cancer
Colorectal cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Gallbladder cancer
Kidney cancer
Cancer of the uterus
Raised blood pressure
Raised cholesterol
Raised fasting blood glucose
Diabetes prevalence
Ovarian Cancer
Leukemia
Liver & bile duct cancer
Mulitple Myeloma
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
Thyroid Cancer
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Economic impact
Policies
Contextual factors
Obesity prevalence
Adults, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 580,834 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO standard cutoffs shown to allow comparison with other countries (BMI ≥25). Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available. |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 580,834 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | NB. Indonesian cutoffs used, standard WHO cutoffs also available |
| Definitions: | Overweight: BMI ≥25.0 - <27.0, Obesity: BMI ≥27.0 |
| Cutoffs: | Indonesian |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 624563 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018 available at https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3514/1/Laporan%20Riskesdas%202018%20Nasional.pdf(last accessed 11.05.2022) |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 649549 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. |
| Notes: | Standard WHO cutoffs shown here to allow comparison with other countries. Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 649549 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. |
| Notes: | NB. Indonesian cutoffs used, standard WHO cutoffs also available |
| Definitions: | Overweight: BMI ≥25.0 - <27.0, Obesity: BMI ≥27.0 |
| Cutoffs: | Indonesian |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 649,549 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. |
| Notes: | Standard WHO cutoffs shown here to allow comparison with other countries. Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2010
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 251,388 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2010. The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4417/1/LAPORAN%20NASIONAL%20RISKESDAS%20TAHUN%202010.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] |
| Notes: | Standard WHO cutoffs shown here to allow comparison with other countries. Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2007
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 16+ |
| Sample size: | 987,205 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia (2008). Report on Result of National Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2007. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4386/1/Report%20on%20Result%20of%20National%20Basic%20Health%20Research%202007.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] |
| Notes: | Standard WHO cutoffs shown here to allow comparison with other countries. Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available. Sample size listed includes under 16s. |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2000-2001
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 20+ |
| Sample size: | 20593 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Pradono J. (2003). Prevalensi penyakit tidak menular di Indonesia menurut pendekatan STEPS fakot risiko (data study morbiditas). Department Kesehatan. |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 1996
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 15-49 |
| Sample size: | 5817 |
| Area covered: | Subnational |
| References: | Nurdiati DS, Hakimi M, Wahab A, and Winkvist A. Concurrent prevalence of chronic energy deficiency and obesity among women in Purworejo, central Java, Indonesia. UNU Press |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Children, 2023
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 13-17 |
| Sample size: | 10059 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesia 2023 Global School-based Student Health survey. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/ncds/ncd-surveillance/data-reporting/indonesia/gshs/2023-gshs-indonesia-factsheet.pdf?sfvrsn=1c586935_3 (Accessed 14.08.24) |
| Definitions: | BMI by age and sex |
Children, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 5-12 |
| Sample size: | 122,723 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Children, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 5-12 |
| Sample size: | 165682 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 11.05.2022) |
| Definitions: | Z Score 1 - < 2 Overweight Z score > 2 Obesity |
| Cutoffs: | Other |
Children, 2015
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 13-17 |
| Sample size: | 11142 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2015_Indonesia_GSHS_Fact_Sheet.pdf (last accessed 28.09.20) |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
Children, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 5-12 |
| Sample size: | 178,931 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | RISET KESEHATAN DASAR: RISKESDAS 2013. Ministry of Health of Indonesia; Tahun. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4467/1/Laporan_riskesdas_2013_final.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Children, 2010
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 6-12 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2010. The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4417/1/LAPORAN%20NASIONAL%20RISKESDAS%20TAHUN%202010.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Children, 2007
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 13-15 |
| Sample size: | 3116 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Global School-based Student Health Survey, Indonesia 2007 Fact Sheet https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2007_Indonesia_fact_sheet.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 24.11.20) |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
Children, 2007
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 6-14 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia (2008). Report on Result of National Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2007. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4386/1/Report%20on%20Result%20of%20National%20Basic%20Health%20Research%202007.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
0-5 years, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 0-5 |
| Sample size: | 306,281 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Definitions: | Weight-for-height by WHO growth standards |
| Cutoffs: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 0-5 |
| Sample size: | 22532376 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Survei Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2023 (SKI-2023) |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight estimates: National and Disaggregated, July 2025, New York. Weighted sample size. For more information, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme/. |
| Definitions: | Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Cutoffs: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2022
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 0-5 |
| Sample size: | 21234054 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022 |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight estimates: National and Disaggregated, July 2025, New York. Weighted sample size. For more information, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme/. |
| Definitions: | Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Cutoffs: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2021
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 0-5 |
| Sample size: | 21886360 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2021 |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight estimates: National and Disaggregated, July 2025, New York. Weighted sample size. For more information, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme/. |
| Definitions: | Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Cutoffs: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2019
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 0-5 |
| Sample size: | 21714932 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Survei Status Gizi Indonesia – SSGI 2019 |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight estimates: National and Disaggregated, July 2025, New York. Weighted sample size. For more information, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme/. |
| Definitions: | Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Cutoffs: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2018
| Age: | 0-5 |
| References: | Other: National report on basic health research, RISKESDAS, 2018. Jakarta, Indonesia, |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2013
| Age: | 0-5 |
| Sample size: | 75232 |
| References: | Other: National report on basic health research, RISKESDAS, 2013. Jakarta, Indonesia, 2014 |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2010
| Age: | 0-5 |
| Sample size: | 18768 |
| References: | Other: National report on basic health research, Riskesdas, 2010. Jakarta, Indonesia, 2012 |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2007
| Age: | 0-5 |
| Sample size: | 77808 |
| References: | Other: Indonesia Basic Health Survey, Riskesdas, 2007, Ministry of Health. |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2004
| Age: | 0-5 |
| Sample size: | 20578030 |
| References: | Other: National Household Health Survey (SKRT) 2004, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2007 |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2001
| Age: | 0-5 |
| Sample size: | 96167 |
| References: | Surveillance: Summary: Second Annual Report of the Nutrition and Health Surveillance System in Indonesia with data from the period 2000-2001 [2001 Extract] |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2000
| Age: | 0-5 |
| Sample size: | 106094 |
| References: | Surveillance: Summary: Second Annual Report of the Nutrition and Health Surveillance System in Indonesia with data from the period 2000-2001 [2000 Extract] |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 1996
| Age: | 0-5 |
| Sample size: | 9227 |
| References: | MICS: Indonesia multiple indicator cluster survey (MICS) 1995. Jakarta: UNICEF, 1997 |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
% Adults living with overweight or obesity in Indonesia, 2007-2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| References: | 2007: The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia (2008). Report on Result of National Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2007. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4386/1/Report%20on%20Result%20of%20National%20Basic%20Health%20Research%202007.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] 2010: Riskesdas 2010. The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4417/1/LAPORAN%20NASIONAL%20RISKESDAS%20TAHUN%202010.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] 2013: Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. 2018: Riskesdas 2018 available at https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3514/1/Laporan%20Riskesdas%202018%20Nasional.pdf(last accessed 11.05.2022) 2023: Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
% Children living with obesity in Indonesia, 2007-2023
Boys
| Survey type: | Measured |
| References: | 2007: The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia (2008). Report on Result of National Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2007. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4386/1/Report%20on%20Result%20of%20National%20Basic%20Health%20Research%202007.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] 2010: Riskesdas 2010. The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4417/1/LAPORAN%20NASIONAL%20RISKESDAS%20TAHUN%202010.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] 2013: RISET KESEHATAN DASAR: RISKESDAS 2013. Ministry of Health of Indonesia; Tahun. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4467/1/Laporan_riskesdas_2013_final.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] 2018: Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 11.05.2022) 2023: Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO 2007 cutoffs |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
Boys and girls
| Survey type: | Measured |
| References: | 2007: The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia (2008). Report on Result of National Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2007. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4386/1/Report%20on%20Result%20of%20National%20Basic%20Health%20Research%202007.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] 2010: Riskesdas 2010. The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4417/1/LAPORAN%20NASIONAL%20RISKESDAS%20TAHUN%202010.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] 2013: RISET KESEHATAN DASAR: RISKESDAS 2013. Ministry of Health of Indonesia; Tahun. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4467/1/Laporan_riskesdas_2013_final.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] 2018: Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 11.05.2022) 2023: Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO 2007 cutoffs |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
Girls
| Survey type: | Measured |
| References: | 2007: The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia (2008). Report on Result of National Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2007. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4386/1/Report%20on%20Result%20of%20National%20Basic%20Health%20Research%202007.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] 2010: Riskesdas 2010. The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4417/1/LAPORAN%20NASIONAL%20RISKESDAS%20TAHUN%202010.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] 2013: RISET KESEHATAN DASAR: RISKESDAS 2013. Ministry of Health of Indonesia; Tahun. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4467/1/Laporan_riskesdas_2013_final.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] 2018: Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 11.05.2022) 2023: Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO 2007 cutoffs |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
% Children living with overweight or obesity in Indonesia, 2013-2023
Boys and girls
| Survey type: | Measured |
| References: | 2013: RISET KESEHATAN DASAR: RISKESDAS 2013. Ministry of Health of Indonesia; Tahun. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4467/1/Laporan_riskesdas_2013_final.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] 2018: Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 11.05.2022) 2023: Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO 2007 cutoffs |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
Overweight/obesity by education
Men, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 580,834 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO standard cutoffs shown to allow comparison with other countries (BMI ≥25). Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 580,834 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO standard cutoffs shown to allow comparison with other countries (BMI ≥25). Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Men, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 624563 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 24.07.25) |
| Notes: | Indonesian cutoffs used, data using standard WHO cutoffs also available |
| Definitions: | Overweight BMI 25-<27 Kg/m2 Obesity BMI => 27 Kg/m2 |
| Cutoffs: | Indonesian |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 624563 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 24.07.25) |
| Notes: | Indonesian cutoffs used, data using standard WHO cutoffs also available |
| Definitions: | Overweight BMI 25-<27 Kg/m2 Obesity BMI => 27 Kg/m2 |
| Cutoffs: | Indonesian |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Men, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 624563 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3514/1/Laporan%20Riskesdas%202018%20Nasional.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO standard cutoffs shown to allow comparison with other countries (BMI ≥25). Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 624563 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3514/1/Laporan%20Riskesdas%202018%20Nasional.pdf [Accessed 24.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO standard cutoffs shown to allow comparison with other countries (BMI ≥25). Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Men, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Sample size: | 649549 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. |
| Notes: | Indonesian cut off's also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Sample size: | 649549 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. |
| Notes: | Indonesian cut off's also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Children, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 16-18 |
| Sample size: | 51826 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 11.05.2022) |
| Notes: | Based on parental education |
| Definitions: | Z Score 1 - < 2 Overweight Z score > 2 Obesity |
| Cutoffs: | Other |
Overweight/obesity by age
Adults, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Sample size: | 580,834 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO standard cutoffs shown to allow comparison with other countries (BMI ≥25) |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Sample size: | 624563 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 11.05.2022) |
| Notes: | Not standard cut off |
| Definitions: | Overweight BMI 25-<27 Kg/m2 Obesity => 27 Kg/m2 |
| Cutoffs: | Indonesian |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Sample size: | 649549 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. |
| Notes: | Indonesian cut off's also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Children, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Sample size: | 192,032 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Children, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Sample size: | 277528 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 11.05.2022) |
| Definitions: | Z Score 1 - < 2 Overweight Z score > 2 Obesity |
| Cutoffs: | Other |
Children, 2015
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Sample size: | 11142 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Global School-based Student Health Survey https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2015_Indonesia_GSHS_Fact_Sheet.pdf |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
Overweight/obesity by region
Adults, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 580,834 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO standard cutoffs shown to allow comparison with other countries (BMI ≥25). Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available. |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Men, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 580,834 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO standard cutoffs shown to allow comparison with other countries (BMI ≥25). Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available. |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 580,834 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | WHO standard cutoffs shown to allow comparison with other countries (BMI ≥25). Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available. |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 624563 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 11.05.2022) |
| Notes: | Please note different cut off |
| Definitions: | Overweight BMI 25-<27 Kg/m2 Obesity BMI => 27 Kg/m2 |
| Cutoffs: | Indonesian |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Men, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 624563 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 11.05.2022) |
| Notes: | Please note different cut off |
| Definitions: | Overweight BMI 25-<27 Kg/m2 Obesity BMI => 27 Kg/m2 |
| Cutoffs: | Indonesian |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 624563 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 11.05.2022) |
| Notes: | Please note different cut off |
| Definitions: | Overweight BMI 25-<27 Kg/m2 Obesity BMI => 27 Kg/m2 |
| Cutoffs: | Indonesian |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Men, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Sample size: | 649549 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. |
| Notes: | Indonesian cut off's also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Sample size: | 649549 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. |
| Notes: | Indonesian cut off's also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Children, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 5-12 |
| Sample size: | 122,723 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Children, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 13-15 |
| Sample size: | 37,484 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Definitions: | BMI-for-age |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Children, 2019-2020
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 7-12 |
| Sample size: | 780 |
| Area covered: | Regional - Java and Sumatera |
| References: | Aria Kekalih, Chandra, D.N., Listya Tresnanti Mirtha, Khouw, I., Wong, G. and Rini Sekartini (2025). Dietary intakes, nutritional and biochemical status of 6 months to 12-year-old children before the COVID-19 pandemic era: the South East Asian Nutrition Survey II Indonesia (SEANUTS II) study in Java and Sumatera Islands, Indonesia. Public Health Nutrition, [online] 28(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024001654 [Accessed 08.07.15] |
| Definitions: | Overweight and obese: BMI-for-age z-scores >1 sd |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Boys, 2019-2020
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 7-12 |
| Sample size: | 780 |
| Area covered: | Regional - Java and Sumatera |
| References: | Aria Kekalih, Chandra, D.N., Listya Tresnanti Mirtha, Khouw, I., Wong, G. and Rini Sekartini (2025). Dietary intakes, nutritional and biochemical status of 6 months to 12-year-old children before the COVID-19 pandemic era: the South East Asian Nutrition Survey II Indonesia (SEANUTS II) study in Java and Sumatera Islands, Indonesia. Public Health Nutrition, [online] 28(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024001654 [Accessed 08.07.15] |
| Definitions: | Overweight and obese: BMI-for-age z-scores >1 sd |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Girls, 2019-2020
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 7-12 |
| Sample size: | 780 |
| Area covered: | Regional - Java and Sumatera |
| References: | Aria Kekalih, Chandra, D.N., Listya Tresnanti Mirtha, Khouw, I., Wong, G. and Rini Sekartini (2025). Dietary intakes, nutritional and biochemical status of 6 months to 12-year-old children before the COVID-19 pandemic era: the South East Asian Nutrition Survey II Indonesia (SEANUTS II) study in Java and Sumatera Islands, Indonesia. Public Health Nutrition, [online] 28(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024001654 [Accessed 08.07.15] |
| Definitions: | Overweight and obese: BMI-for-age z-scores >1 sd |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Boys, 2015
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 13-17 |
| Sample size: | 11,142 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | World Health Organization. Global school-based student health survey (GSHS). Available from: https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/factsheets/en/. [Accessed 20 February 2019]. |
| Notes: | WHO cut-offs used and based on Self-reported data. |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
Girls, 2015
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 13-17 |
| Sample size: | 11,142 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | World Health Organization. Global school-based student health survey (GSHS). Available from: https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/factsheets/en/. [Accessed 20 February 2019]. |
| Notes: | WHO cut-offs used and based on Self-reported data. |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
0-5 years, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Sample size: | 306,281 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Definitions: | Weight-for-height by WHO child growth standards |
| Cutoffs: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Other: National report on basic health research, RISKESDAS, 2018. Jakarta, Indonesia, |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2013
| Sample size: | 75232 |
| References: | Other: National report on basic health research, RISKESDAS, 2013. Jakarta, Indonesia, 2014 |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2010
| Sample size: | 18768 |
| References: | Other: National report on basic health research, Riskesdas, 2010. Jakarta, Indonesia, 2012 |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2007
| Sample size: | 77808 |
| References: | Other: Indonesia Basic Health Survey, Riskesdas, 2007, Ministry of Health. |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2004
| Sample size: | 20578030 |
| References: | Other: National Household Health Survey (SKRT) 2004, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2007 |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitions: | =>+2SD |
Overweight/obesity by age and region
Children, 2018
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Sample size: | 277528 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2018 available at http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf (last accessed 11.05.2022) |
| Definitions: | Z Score 1 - < 2 Overweight Z score > 2 Obesity |
| Cutoffs: | Other |
Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group
Men, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 580,834 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | 262,172 men and 318,662 women. WHO standard cutoffs shown to allow comparison with other countries (BMI ≥25). Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available. |
| Definitions: | Economic status |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 19+ |
| Sample size: | 580,834 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Notes: | 262,172 men and 318,662 women. WHO standard cutoffs shown to allow comparison with other countries (BMI ≥25). Data using Indonesian cutoffs also available. |
| Definitions: | Economic status |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Men, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Sample size: | 649549 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. |
| Notes: | Indonesian cut off's also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Sample size: | 649549 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. |
| Notes: | Indonesian cut off's also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Men, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Sample size: | 649549 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. |
| Notes: | Indonesian cut off's also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2013
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Sample size: | 649549 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Riskesdas 2013. Reanalysis: Atmarita, National Institute of Health Research and Development/NIHRD, MOH of Indonesia. |
| Notes: | Indonesian cut off's also available |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Children, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 5-12 |
| Sample size: | 122,723 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in Numbers (SKI 2023). Kemenkes BKPK. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/ski-2023-dalam-angka/ [Accessed 23.07.25] |
| Definitions: | Economic status |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Double burden of underweight & overweight
Adults, 2022
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 20+ |
| References: | NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; published online Feb 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2. |
| Notes: | Age Standardised estimates |
| Definitions: | Combined prevalence of BMI<18.5 kg/m² and BMI>=30 kg/m² (double burden of underweight and obesity) |
Children, 2022
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 5-19 |
| References: | NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; published online Feb 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2. |
| Notes: | Age standardised estimates |
| Definitions: | Combined prevalence of BMI < -2SD and BMI > 2SD (double burden of thinness and obesity) |
| Cutoffs: | BMI < -2SD and BMI > 2SD |
0-5 years, 2004-2004
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 0-5 |
| References: | UNICEF data available at https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition/(last accessed 12.03.25) |
| Notes: | Children under 5 falling below -2 standard deviations from the median height for age and falling at or above +2 standard deviations from the median weight-for-height of the reference population |
Insufficient physical activity
Adults, 2022
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | WHO (2024). Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults aged 18-years age-standardized estimate in 2022. Available at https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-insufficient-physical-activity-among-adults-aged-18-years-(age-standardized-estimate)-(-) |
| Definitions: | Percent of population attaining less than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, or less than 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week, or equivalent. |
Men, 2022
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | WHO (2024). Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults aged 18-years age-standardized estimate in 2022. Available at https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-insufficient-physical-activity-among-adults-aged-18-years-(age-standardized-estimate)-(-) |
| Definitions: | Percent of population attaining less than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, or less than 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week, or equivalent. |
Women, 2022
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | WHO (2024). Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults aged 18-years age-standardized estimate in 2022. Available at https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-insufficient-physical-activity-among-adults-aged-18-years-(age-standardized-estimate)-(-) |
| Definitions: | Percent of population attaining less than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, or less than 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week, or equivalent. |
Adults, 2016
| References: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Men, 2016
| References: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Women, 2016
| References: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Children, 2016
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 11-17 |
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
| Notes: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Definitions: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Boys, 2016
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 11-17 |
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
| Notes: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Definitions: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Girls, 2016
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 11-17 |
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
| Notes: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Definitions: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Children, 2010
| Age: | 11-17 |
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
| Notes: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Definitions: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Boys, 2010
| Age: | 11-17 |
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
| Notes: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Definitions: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Girls, 2010
| Age: | 11-17 |
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
| Notes: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Definitions: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Average daily frequency of carbonated soft drink consumption
Children, 2014-2015
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 12-17 |
| References: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Adults, 2017
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 25+ |
| References: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Definitions: | Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day) |
Prevalence of less than daily fruit consumption
Children, 2008-2015
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 12-17 |
| References: | Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
| Definitions: | Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption) |
Prevalence of less than daily vegetable consumption
Children, 2008-2015
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 12-17 |
| References: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
| Definitions: | Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption) |
Average weekly frequency of fast food consumption
Children, 2014-2015
| Age: | 12-17 |
| References: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Estimated per-capita processed meat intake
Adults, 2017
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 25+ |
| References: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Definitions: | Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day) |
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Adults, 2017
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 25+ |
| References: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Definitions: | Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day) |
Mental health - depression disorders
Adults, 2021
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
| Definitions: | Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years) |
Men, 2021
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
| Definitions: | Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years) |
Women, 2021
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
| Definitions: | Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years) |
Adults, 2015-2021
| References: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Definitions: | % of population with depression disorders |
Adults, 2015-2021
| References: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Definitions: | % of population with depression disorders |
Men, 2015-2021
| References: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Definitions: | % of population with depression disorders |
Women, 2015-2021
| References: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Definitions: | % of population with depression disorders |
Children, 2021
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
| Definitions: | Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age) |
Boys, 2021
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
| Definitions: | Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age) |
Girls, 2021
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
| Definitions: | Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age) |
Mental health - anxiety disorders
Adults, 2021
| Age: | 20+ |
| References: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25). |
| Definitions: | Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population |
Men, 2021
| Age: | 20+ |
| References: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25). |
| Definitions: | Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population |
Women, 2021
| Age: | 20+ |
| References: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25). |
| Definitions: | Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population |
Adults, 2015-2021
| References: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Definitions: | % of population with anxiety disorders |
Adults, 2015-2021
| References: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Definitions: | % of population with anxiety disorders |
Men, 2015-2021
| References: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Definitions: | % of population with anxiety disorders |
Women, 2015-2021
| References: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Definitions: | % of population with anxiety disorders |
Children, 2021
| References: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
Boys, 2021
| References: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
Girls, 2021
| References: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
% Infants exclusively breastfed 0-5 months
0-5 years, 2015-2022
| References: | Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017. Jakarta, Indonesia: BKKBN, BPS, Kemenkes, and ICF. |
| Notes: | Full details are available. Original citation United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2023). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, October 2023. |
Percent of population who cannot afford a healthy diet
Adults, 2022
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | The Food Systems Dashboard. The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), The Columbia Climate School, and Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. 2024. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36072/db. |
Oesophageal cancer
Men, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Indicence per 100,000 |
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Indicence per 100,000 |
Men, 2020-2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2181 |
| Definitions: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Women, 2020-2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2181 |
| Definitions: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Breast cancer
Women, 2022
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Colorectal cancer
Men, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Men, 2020-2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2181 |
| Definitions: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Women, 2020-2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2181 |
| Definitions: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Pancreatic cancer
Men, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Men, 2020-2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2181 |
| Definitions: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Women, 2020-2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2181 |
| Definitions: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Gallbladder cancer
Men, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Indicence per 100,000 |
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Indicence per 100,000 |
Men, 2020-2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2181 |
| Definitions: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Women, 2020-2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2181 |
| Definitions: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Kidney cancer
Men, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Men, 2020-2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2181 |
| Definitions: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Women, 2020-2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2181 |
| Definitions: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Cancer of the uterus
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Women, 2020-2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2181 |
| Definitions: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Raised blood pressure
Adults, 2015
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
| Definitions: | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Men, 2015
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
| Definitions: | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Women, 2015
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
| Definitions: | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Raised cholesterol
Adults, 2008
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
| Definitions: | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Men, 2008
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
| Definitions: | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Women, 2008
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
| Definitions: | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Raised fasting blood glucose
Men, 2014
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
| Definitions: | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Women, 2014
| References: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
| Definitions: | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Diabetes prevalence
Adults, 2024
| References: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 11th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2025. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Adults, 2021
| Age: | 20-79 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Definitions: | Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % |
Adults, 2019
| Age: | 20-79 |
| References: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Definitions: | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Adults, 2017
| References: | Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Definitions: | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Ovarian Cancer
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Leukemia
Men, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Leukemia
Men, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Liver and intrahepatic bile duct Cancer
Men, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Multiple Myeloma
Men, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Indicence per 100,000 |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Indicence per 100,000 |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
Men, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Thyroid Cancer
Men, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Women, 2022
| Age: | 20+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24] |
| Definitions: | Incidence per 100,000 |
Economic impact of overweight and obesity
Policies, Interventions and Actions
Contextual factors
Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.
Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.
Labelling
| Is there mandatory nutrition labelling? | Present |
| Front-of-package labelling? | Absent |
| Back-of-pack nutrition declaration? | Absent |
| Color coding? | Absent |
| Warning label? | Absent |
Regulation and marketing
| Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products? | Incoming |
| Tax on unhealthy foods? | Absent |
| Tax on unhealthy drinks? | Incoming |
| Are there fiscal policies on healthy products? | Absent |
| Subsidy on fruits? | Absent |
| Subsidy on vegetables? | Absent |
| Subsidy on other healthy products? | Absent |
| Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)? | Absent |
| Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? | Absent |
| Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? | Absent |
| Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Present |
| Mandatory restriction on broadcast media? | Present |
| Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media? | Absent |
| Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
| Are there mandatory standards for food in schools? | Absent |
| Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products? | Absent |
| Nutrition standards for public sector procurement? | Absent |
Political will and support
| National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy? | Present |
| National obesity strategy? | Absent |
| National childhood obesity strategy? | Present |
| Comprehensive nutrition strategy? | Present |
| Comprehensive physical activity strategy? | Present |
| Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs? | Absent |
| National target(s) on reducing obesity? | Present |
| Promotion of breastfeeding? | Unknown |
Monitoring and surveillance
| Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors? | Present |
| Within 5 years? | Absent |
Governance and resource
| Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)? | Present |
Key
Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown
Last updated January 14, 2025
Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions
