Tonga
- Przegląd
- Występowanie otyłości
- Trendy na przestrzeni czasu
- Podziały ludności
- Czynniki sprzyjające otyłości
- Choroby współistniejące
- Oddziaływanie ekonomiczne
- Polityka
- Contextual factors
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Ryzyko oty?o?ci w skali kraju *7,5/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Ryzyko oty?o?ci u dzieci *10/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Występowanie otyłości
Trendy na przestrzeni czasu
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Czynniki sprzyjające otyłości
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Spożycie owoców
Spożycie warzyw
Spożycie fast foodów
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Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.Karmienie piersią
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Choroby współistniejące
Oddziaływanie ekonomiczne
Polityka
Contextual factors
Wyst?powanie oty?o?ci
Doro?li, 2017
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Wiek: | 18-69 |
Liczebno?? próby: | 3858 |
Obj?ty obszar: | Krajowe |
Bibliografia: | Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi si? do BMI mi?dzy 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², oty?o?? odnosi si? do BMI powy?ej 30 kg/m². |
Doro?li, 2012
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Wiek: | 25-64 |
Liczebno?? próby: | 2599 |
Obj?ty obszar: | Krajowe |
Bibliografia: | STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) |
Uwagi: | STEPS |
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi si? do BMI mi?dzy 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², oty?o?? odnosi si? do BMI powy?ej 30 kg/m². |
Doro?li, 2004
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Wiek: | 15-64 |
Liczebno?? próby: | 958 |
Obj?ty obszar: | Krajowe |
Bibliografia: | Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 |
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi si? do BMI mi?dzy 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², oty?o?? odnosi si? do BMI powy?ej 30 kg/m². |
Doro?li, 1998-2000
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Wiek: | 15-85 |
Liczebno?? próby: | 1024 |
Obj?ty obszar: | Krajowe |
Bibliografia: | Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. |
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi si? do BMI mi?dzy 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², oty?o?? odnosi si? do BMI powy?ej 30 kg/m². |
Dzieci, 2017
Typ ankiety: | Dane deklarowane |
Wiek: | 13-17 |
Liczebno?? próby: | 3333 |
Obj?ty obszar: | Krajowe |
Bibliografia: | Tonga - Global School-Based Student Health Survey 2017 https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/tonga/en/ (Last accessed 20.10.20) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Dzieci, 2010
Typ ankiety: | Dane deklarowane |
Wiek: | 13-15 |
Liczebno?? próby: | 2111 |
Obj?ty obszar: | Krajowe |
Bibliografia: | Global School Health Student Survey Factsheet Tonga, available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2010_GSHS_FS_Tonga.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 14.12.20) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Dzieci, 2002-2003
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Wiek: | 5-11 |
Liczebno?? próby: | 895 |
Bibliografia: | Shoko Fukuyama a; Tsukasa Inaoka b; Yasuhiro Matsumura c; Taro Yamauchi a; Kazumi Natsuhara d; Ryosuke kimura e; Ryutaro Ohtsuka f. Anthropometry of 5-19-year-old Tongan children with special interest in the high prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls. Annals of Human Biology, Volume 32, Issue 6 November 2005 , pages 714 - 723 |
Uwagi: | IOTF Cut off. Reference: Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3 |
Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Infants, 2019
Wiek: | 0-5 |
Liczebno?? próby: | 1271 |
Bibliografia: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Uwagi: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2019
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Wiek: | 0-5 |
Liczebno?? próby: | 1271 |
Obj?ty obszar: | Krajowe |
Bibliografia: | Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Uwagi: | Infants. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD-+3SD. Obesity = >+3SD |
Cutoffs: | Other |
Infants, 2012
Wiek: | 0-5 |
Bibliografia: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Uwagi: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | =>+2SD |
% Adults living with obesity in Tonga 1998-2017
Kobiety
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Bibliografia: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi si? do BMI mi?dzy 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², oty?o?? odnosi si? do BMI powy?ej 30 kg/m². | |
Do gromadzenia tych danych mog?y by? zastosowane ró?ne metodologie, a zatem dane z ró?nych bada? mog? nie by? ?ci?le porównywalne. Sprawd? w oryginalnych ?ród?ach danych, jakie metodologie zosta?y zastosowane |
M??czy?ni
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Bibliografia: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi si? do BMI mi?dzy 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², oty?o?? odnosi si? do BMI powy?ej 30 kg/m². | |
Do gromadzenia tych danych mog?y by? zastosowane ró?ne metodologie, a zatem dane z ró?nych bada? mog? nie by? ?ci?le porównywalne. Sprawd? w oryginalnych ?ród?ach danych, jakie metodologie zosta?y zastosowane |
% Adults living with overweight or obesity in Tonga 1998-2017
Kobiety
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Bibliografia: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi si? do BMI mi?dzy 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², oty?o?? odnosi si? do BMI powy?ej 30 kg/m². | |
Do gromadzenia tych danych mog?y by? zastosowane ró?ne metodologie, a zatem dane z ró?nych bada? mog? nie by? ?ci?le porównywalne. Sprawd? w oryginalnych ?ród?ach danych, jakie metodologie zosta?y zastosowane |
M??czy?ni
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Bibliografia: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi si? do BMI mi?dzy 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², oty?o?? odnosi si? do BMI powy?ej 30 kg/m². | |
Do gromadzenia tych danych mog?y by? zastosowane ró?ne metodologie, a zatem dane z ró?nych bada? mog? nie by? ?ci?le porównywalne. Sprawd? w oryginalnych ?ród?ach danych, jakie metodologie zosta?y zastosowane |
% Adults living with obesity in selected countries in the Asia/Oceania Region 1975-2019, wybrane kraje
M??czy?ni
Bibliografia: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993, 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey. 2007: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). National Health Survey: Summary of results. Canberra, Australia, ABS, 2009. WHO Global InfoBase reference:102910 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011: National Institute of Population Research and Training - NIPORT/Bangladesh, Mitra and Associates/Bangladesh, and ICF International. 2013. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Dhaka, Bangladesh: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20) 2014: Australian National Health Survey, 2014-15 First Results. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4364.0.55.001Appendix22014-15?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=4364.0.55.001&issue=2014-15&num=&view= (last accessed 27th September 2017) 2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017: National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), and ICF. 2020. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18. Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NIPORT and ICF https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR344/FR344.pdf (last accessed 10.08.22) 2018: National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2018 published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Available at https://www.nibiohn.go.jp/eiken/kenkounippon21/download_files/eiyouchousa/2018.pdf (last accessed 17.05.21) 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) |
Do gromadzenia tych danych mog?y by? zastosowane ró?ne metodologie, a zatem dane z ró?nych bada? mog? nie by? ?ci?le porównywalne. Sprawd? w oryginalnych ?ród?ach danych, jakie metodologie zosta?y zastosowane |
Kobiety
Bibliografia: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993, 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey. 2007: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). National Health Survey: Summary of results. Canberra, Australia, ABS, 2009. WHO Global InfoBase reference:102910 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011: National Institute of Population Research and Training - NIPORT/Bangladesh, Mitra and Associates/Bangladesh, and ICF International. 2013. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Dhaka, Bangladesh: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20) 2014: Australian National Health Survey, 2014-15 First Results. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4364.0.55.001Appendix22014-15?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=4364.0.55.001&issue=2014-15&num=&view= (last accessed 27th September 2017) 2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017: National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), and ICF. 2020. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18. Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NIPORT and ICF https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR344/FR344.pdf (last accessed 10.08.22) 2018: National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2018 published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Available at https://www.nibiohn.go.jp/eiken/kenkounippon21/download_files/eiyouchousa/2018.pdf (last accessed 17.05.21) 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) |
Do gromadzenia tych danych mog?y by? zastosowane ró?ne metodologie, a zatem dane z ró?nych bada? mog? nie by? ?ci?le porównywalne. Sprawd? w oryginalnych ?ród?ach danych, jakie metodologie zosta?y zastosowane |
Nadwaga/oty?o?? wed?ug wykszta?cenia
Infants, 2019
Liczebno?? próby: | 1271 |
Bibliografia: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Uwagi: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2012
Bibliografia: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Uwagi: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | =>+2SD |
Nadwaga/oty?o?? wed?ug wieku
Doro?li, 2012
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Liczebno?? próby: | 2599 |
Obj?ty obszar: | Krajowe |
Bibliografia: | STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) |
Uwagi: | STEPS |
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi si? do BMI mi?dzy 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², oty?o?? odnosi si? do BMI powy?ej 30 kg/m². |
Nadwaga/oty?o?? wed?ug regionu
Infants, 2019
Liczebno?? próby: | 1271 |
Bibliografia: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Uwagi: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2012
Bibliografia: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Uwagi: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | =>+2SD |
Nadwaga/oty?o?? wed?ug grupy spo?eczno-ekonomicznej
Infants, 2019
Liczebno?? próby: | 1271 |
Bibliografia: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Uwagi: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2012
Bibliografia: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Uwagi: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | =>+2SD |
Niewystarczaj?ca aktywno?? fizyczna
Doro?li, 2016
Bibliografia: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
M??czy?ni, 2016
Bibliografia: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Kobiety, 2016
Bibliografia: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Dzieci, 2016
Typ ankiety: | Dane deklarowane |
Wiek: | 11-17 |
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Uwagi: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Ch?opcy, 2016
Typ ankiety: | Dane deklarowane |
Wiek: | 11-17 |
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Uwagi: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Dziewcz?ta, 2016
Typ ankiety: | Dane deklarowane |
Wiek: | 11-17 |
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Uwagi: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Dzieci, 2010
Wiek: | 11-17 |
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Uwagi: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Ch?opcy, 2010
Wiek: | 11-17 |
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Uwagi: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Dziewcz?ta, 2010
Wiek: | 11-17 |
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Uwagi: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
?rednia dzienna cz?stotliwo?? spo?ycia gazowanych napojów bezalkoholowych
Dzieci, 2010-2015
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Wiek: | 12-17 |
Bibliografia: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Doro?li, 2017
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Wiek: | 25+ |
Bibliografia: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day) |
Liczba osób spo?ywaj?cych owoce rzadziej ni? raz dziennie
Dzieci, 2010-2015
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Wiek: | 12-17 |
Bibliografia: | Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption) |
Liczba osób spo?ywaj?cych warzywa rzadziej ni? raz dziennie
Dzieci, 2010-2015
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Wiek: | 12-17 |
Bibliografia: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption) |
?rednia tygodniowa cz?stotliwo?? spo?ywania fast foodów
Dzieci, 2010-2015
Wiek: | 12-17 |
Bibliografia: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Szacunkowe spo?ycie przetworzonego mi?sa na mieszka?ca
Doro?li, 2017
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Wiek: | 25+ |
Bibliografia: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day) |
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Doro?li, 2017
Typ ankiety: | Dane obserwowane |
Wiek: | 25+ |
Bibliografia: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day) |
Zdrowie psychiczne – zaburzenia depresyjne
Doro?li, 2015
Bibliografia: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | % of population with depression disorders |
Zdrowie psychiczne – zaburzenia l?kowe
Doro?li, 2015
Bibliografia: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | % of population with anxiety disorders |
Udzia? procentowy niemowl?t karmionych wy??cznie piersi?, 0–5 miesi?cy
Dzieci, 2004-2020
Obj?ty obszar: | Krajowe |
Bibliografia: | Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Uwagi: | See UNICEF website for further survey information. Available at : https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/infant-young-child-feeding/ (last accessed 28.9.21) Citation: United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2021). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, September 2021. |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | % exclusively breastfed 0-5 months |
Podwy?szone ci?nienie t?tnicze
Doro?li, 2015
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
M??czy?ni, 2015
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Kobiety, 2015
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Podwy?szony poziom cholesterolu
Doro?li, 2008
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
M??czy?ni, 2008
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Kobiety, 2008
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Podwy?szony poziom glukozy we krwi na czczo
M??czy?ni, 2014
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Kobiety, 2014
Bibliografia: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Wyst?powanie cukrzycy
Doro?li, 2021
Wiek: | 20-79 |
Obj?ty obszar: | Krajowe |
Bibliografia: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % |
Doro?li, 2019
Wiek: | 20-79 |
Bibliografia: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Doro?li, 2017
Bibliografia: | Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definicje (dost?pne tylko w j?zyku angielskim): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Economic impact of overweight and obesity
Policies, Interventions and Actions
Contextual factors
Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.
Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.
Labelling
Is there mandatory nutrition labelling? | Absent |
Front-of-package labelling? | Absent |
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration? | Absent |
Color coding? | Absent |
Warning label? | Absent |
Regulation and marketing
Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products? | Present |
Tax on unhealthy foods? | Absent |
Tax on unhealthy drinks? | Present |
Are there fiscal policies on healthy products? | Absent |
Subsidy on fruits? | Absent |
Subsidy on vegetables? | Absent |
Subsidy on other healthy products? | Absent |
Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)? | Absent |
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media? | Absent |
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Are there mandatory standards for food in schools? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products? | Absent |
Nutrition standards for public sector procurement? | Absent |
Political will and support
National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy? | Absent |
National obesity strategy? | Absent |
National childhood obesity strategy? | Absent |
Comprehensive nutrition strategy? | Absent |
Comprehensive physical activity strategy? | Absent |
Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs? | Absent |
National target(s) on reducing obesity? | Absent |
Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment? | Absent |
Promotion of breastfeeding? | Present |
Monitoring and surveillance
Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors? | Present |
Within 5 years? | Present |
Governance and resource
Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)? | Present |
Key
Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown
Last updated September 13, 2022
Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions