Tonga

Ülevaade
Rasvumise levimus
Trendid ajas
Rahvastiku jaotus
Tegurid
Kaasnevad haigused
Majanduslik mõju
Strateegiad
Contextual factors

Info laeb. Palun oodake!

Riiklik rasvumisrisk *7,5/10 Laste rasvumise oht *10/11

* Põhineb hinnangulistel andmetel. Lisateavet leiate jaotisest „Väljaanded“

Report cards

Our report cards collate all the most-recent graphics for this country. If you would like to produce a custom report based on selected graphics, just tap the Add to custom PDF button below the graphics you would like to use.

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Report card (adult data)

Report card (child data)

Report card (under-5s data)

Rahvastiku jaotus

Vanuse järgi

Piirkonna järgi

Sotsiaalmajandusliku grupi järgi

Double Burden

Tegurid

Ebapiisav aktiivsus

Karastusjookide tarbimine

Puuvilja tarbimine

Köögivilja tarbimine

Kiirtoidu tarbimine

Töödeldud liha tarbimine

Teravilja tarbimine

Depressioon

Ärevus

Rasvumise algpõhjused »

Imetamine

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Kaasnevad haigused

Kõrgenenud vererõhk

Kõrgenenud kolesteroolitase

Kõrgenenud veresuhkru tase tühja kõhuga

Diabeedi levimus

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Majanduslik mõju

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Strateegiad

Riiklik rasvumisvastane strateegia

Toitumis- või tervisestrateegia

Füüsiline aktiivsus

Toidu või jookide maksustamine/subsideerimine

Rahvusvahelised rasvumisvastased strateegiad

MNH strateegia

Tervisealase tõhususe ülevaated

Imetamine

Obesity Target

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Contextual factors

Rasvumise levimus

Täiskasvanud, 2017

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Vanus:	18-69
Valimi suurus:	3858
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20)
Kui ei ole märgitud teisiti, tähendab ülekaal KMI vahemikku 25 kg ja 29,9 kg/m², rasvumine KMI-t üle 30 kg/m².

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Täiskasvanud, 2012

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Vanus:	25-64
Valimi suurus:	2599
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020)
Märkused:	STEPS
Kui ei ole märgitud teisiti, tähendab ülekaal KMI vahemikku 25 kg ja 29,9 kg/m², rasvumine KMI-t üle 30 kg/m².

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Täiskasvanud, 2004

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Vanus:	15-64
Valimi suurus:	958
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Tonga STEPS Survey 2004
Kui ei ole märgitud teisiti, tähendab ülekaal KMI vahemikku 25 kg ja 29,9 kg/m², rasvumine KMI-t üle 30 kg/m².

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Täiskasvanud, 1998-2000

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Vanus:	15-85
Valimi suurus:	1024
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383.
Kui ei ole märgitud teisiti, tähendab ülekaal KMI vahemikku 25 kg ja 29,9 kg/m², rasvumine KMI-t üle 30 kg/m².

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Lapsed, 2017

Uuringu tüüp:	Ise teatatud
Vanus:	13-17
Valimi suurus:	3333
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Tonga - Global School-Based Student Health Survey 2017 https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/tonga/en/ (Last accessed 20.10.20)
Cutoffs:	WHO

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Lapsed, 2010

Uuringu tüüp:	Ise teatatud
Vanus:	13-15
Valimi suurus:	2111
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Global School Health Student Survey Factsheet Tonga, available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2010_GSHS_FS_Tonga.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 14.12.20)
Cutoffs:	WHO

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Lapsed, 2002-2003

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Vanus:	5-11
Valimi suurus:	895
Viited:	Shoko Fukuyama a; Tsukasa Inaoka b; Yasuhiro Matsumura c; Taro Yamauchi a; Kazumi Natsuhara d; Ryosuke kimura e; Ryutaro Ohtsuka f. Anthropometry of 5-19-year-old Tongan children with special interest in the high prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls. Annals of Human Biology, Volume 32, Issue 6 November 2005 , pages 714 - 723
Märkused:	IOTF Cut off. Reference: Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3
Cutoffs:	IOTF

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0-5 years, 2019

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Vanus:	0-5
Valimi suurus:	1271
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department
Märkused:	Infants.
Mõisted:	Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD-+3SD. Obesity = >+3SD
Cutoffs:	Other

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0-5 years, 2019

Vanus:	0-5
Valimi suurus:	1271
Viited:	MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department
Märkused:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Mõisted:	=>+2SD

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0-5 years, 2012

Vanus:	0-5
Viited:	DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013.
Märkused:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Mõisted:	=>+2SD

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% Adults living with obesity in Tonga 1998-2017

Mehed

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Viited:	1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20)
Kui ei ole märgitud teisiti, tähendab ülekaal KMI vahemikku 25 kg ja 29,9 kg/m², rasvumine KMI-t üle 30 kg/m².
Nende andmete kogumiseks võib olla kasutatud erinevaid meetodeid ja seetõttu ei pruugi erinevate uuringute andmed olla täpselt võrreldavad. Palun kontrollige kasutatud meetodeid algallikatest

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Naised

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Viited:	1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20)
Kui ei ole märgitud teisiti, tähendab ülekaal KMI vahemikku 25 kg ja 29,9 kg/m², rasvumine KMI-t üle 30 kg/m².
Nende andmete kogumiseks võib olla kasutatud erinevaid meetodeid ja seetõttu ei pruugi erinevate uuringute andmed olla täpselt võrreldavad. Palun kontrollige kasutatud meetodeid algallikatest

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% Adults living with overweight or obesity in Tonga 1998-2017

Mehed

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Viited:	1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20)
Kui ei ole märgitud teisiti, tähendab ülekaal KMI vahemikku 25 kg ja 29,9 kg/m², rasvumine KMI-t üle 30 kg/m².
Nende andmete kogumiseks võib olla kasutatud erinevaid meetodeid ja seetõttu ei pruugi erinevate uuringute andmed olla täpselt võrreldavad. Palun kontrollige kasutatud meetodeid algallikatest

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Naised

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Viited:	1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20)
Kui ei ole märgitud teisiti, tähendab ülekaal KMI vahemikku 25 kg ja 29,9 kg/m², rasvumine KMI-t üle 30 kg/m².
Nende andmete kogumiseks võib olla kasutatud erinevaid meetodeid ja seetõttu ei pruugi erinevate uuringute andmed olla täpselt võrreldavad. Palun kontrollige kasutatud meetodeid algallikatest

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% Adults living with obesity in selected countries in the Asia/Oceania Region 1975-2019, valitud riigid

Mehed

Viited:

1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190
1993: Ismail MN, Zawaih H, Chee SS, Ng KK. Prevalence of obesity and chronic energy deficiency (CED) in adult Malaysians. Malays J Nutrition. 1995; 1:1-9
1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252
1998: Data provided by the Philippean Depatment of Health, Dr C. Barbu, data reanalysed by Dr Charmaine Duante.
2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196.
2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11
2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH).
2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011)
2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004
2005: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577
2006: Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2007. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International.
2007: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). National Health Survey: Summary of results. Canberra, Australia, ABS, 2009. WHO Global InfoBase reference:102910
2008: Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST). 2010. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2008. DOST Complex, FNRI Bldg., Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines.
2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x
2011: Food and Nutrition Research Institute – Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST). 2012. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2011. DOST Complex, FNRI Bldg., Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. https://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/facts-and-figures.php?year=2011 [Accessed 14.07.25]
2012: New Zealand Health Survey 2012/13. https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202324-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25]
2013: http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2013-14-new-zealand-health-survey [Last Accessed 19.11.25]
2014: Australian National Health Survey, 2014-15 First Results. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4364.0.55.001Appendix22014-15?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=4364.0.55.001&issue=2014-15&num=&view= (last accessed 27th September 2017)
2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015.
2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF.
2017: Australian National Health Survey 2017-18. http://abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/4364.0.55.001~2017-18~Main%20Features~About%20the%20National%20Health%20Survey~5 (accessed 12.12.18)
2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators (last accessed 19.11.25)
2019: New Zealand Health Survey 2019/20. https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202324-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25]
2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey [Last Accessed 19.11.25]
2021: Department of Science and Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI). 2024. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures: 2021 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS). FNRI Bldg., DOST Compound, Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. https://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/facts-and-figures.php?year=2021 [Accessed 14.07.25]
2022: Annual Update of Key Results 2022/23: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2022-23-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25]
2023: Annual Update of Key Results 2023/24: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202324-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25]
2024: Annual Update of Key Results 2024/25: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202425-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25]

Nende andmete kogumiseks võib olla kasutatud erinevaid meetodeid ja seetõttu ei pruugi erinevate uuringute andmed olla täpselt võrreldavad. Palun kontrollige kasutatud meetodeid algallikatest

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Naised

Viited:

Nende andmete kogumiseks võib olla kasutatud erinevaid meetodeid ja seetõttu ei pruugi erinevate uuringute andmed olla täpselt võrreldavad. Palun kontrollige kasutatud meetodeid algallikatest

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Ülekaalulisus / rasvumine vanuse järgi

Täiskasvanud, 2012

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Valimi suurus:	2599
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020)
Märkused:	STEPS
Kui ei ole märgitud teisiti, tähendab ülekaal KMI vahemikku 25 kg ja 29,9 kg/m², rasvumine KMI-t üle 30 kg/m².

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Ülekaalulisus / rasvumine piirkonna järgi

0-5 years, 2019

Valimi suurus:	1271
Viited:	MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department
Märkused:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Mõisted:	=>+2SD

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0-5 years, 2012

Viited:	DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013.
Märkused:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Mõisted:	=>+2SD

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Ülekaalulisus / rasvumine sotsiaalmajandusliku grupi järgi

0-5 years, 2019

Valimi suurus:	1271
Viited:	MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department
Märkused:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Mõisted:	=>+2SD

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0-5 years, 2012

Viited:	DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013.
Märkused:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Mõisted:	=>+2SD

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Double burden of underweight & overweight

Täiskasvanud, 2022

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Vanus:	20+
Viited:	NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; published online Feb 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2.
Märkused:	Age Standardised estimates
Mõisted:	Combined prevalence of BMI<18.5 kg/m² and BMI>=30 kg/m² (double burden of underweight and obesity)

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Lapsed, 2022

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Vanus:	5-19
Viited:	NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; published online Feb 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2.
Märkused:	Age standardised estimates
Mõisted:	Combined prevalence of BMI < -2SD and BMI > 2SD (double burden of thinness and obesity)
Cutoffs:	BMI < -2SD and BMI > 2SD

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0-5 years, 2019

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Vanus:	0-5
Viited:	United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2025). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Overlapping Stunting, Wasting and Overweight (Survey Estimates), 2025, New York. For more information, visit: https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition/ [Accessed 06.08.25]
Märkused:	Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department
Mõisted:	Combined percentage of children under 5 years of age who are either wasted, stunted, or overweight (falling below -2 standard deviations from the median weight-for-height, falling below -2 standard deviations from the median height for age, or falling at or above +2 standard deviations from the median weight-for-height of the reference population)
Cutoffs:	WHZ <-2, HAZ <-2 and WHZ >+2

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Ebapiisav füüsiline aktiivsus

Täiskasvanud, 2016

Viited:

Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7

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Mehed, 2016

Viited:

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Naised, 2016

Viited:

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Lapsed, 2016

Uuringu tüüp:	Ise teatatud
Vanus:	11-17
Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Märkused:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Mõisted:	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Poisid, 2016

Uuringu tüüp:	Ise teatatud
Vanus:	11-17
Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Märkused:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Mõisted:	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Tüdrukud, 2016

Uuringu tüüp:	Ise teatatud
Vanus:	11-17
Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Märkused:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Mõisted:	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Lapsed, 2010

Vanus:	11-17
Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Märkused:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Mõisted:	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Poisid, 2010

Vanus:	11-17
Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Märkused:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Mõisted:	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Tüdrukud, 2010

Vanus:	11-17
Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Märkused:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Mõisted:	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Keskmine päevane gaseeritud karastusjookide tarbimissagedus

Lapsed, 2010-2015

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Vanus:	12-17
Viited:	Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system

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Estimated per capita fruit intake

Täiskasvanud, 2017

Vanus:	25+
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Mõisted:	Estimated per capita fruit intake (g/day)

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Puuviljade vähem kui igapäevase tarbimise levimus

Lapsed, 2010

Uuringu tüüp:	Ise teatatud
Vanus:	12-17
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Mõisted:	Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption)

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Köögiviljade vähem kui igapäevase tarbimise levimus

Lapsed, 2010

Uuringu tüüp:	Ise teatatud
Vanus:	12-17
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Mõisted:	Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption)

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Kiirtoidu tarbimise keskmine nädalane sagedus

Lapsed, 2010-2015

Vanus:	12-17
Viited:	Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system

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Estimated per capita processed meat intake

Täiskasvanud, 2017

Vanus:	25+
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Mõisted:	Estimated per capita processed meat intake (g per day)

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Estimated per capita whole grains intake

Täiskasvanud, 2017

Uuringu tüüp:	Mõõdetud
Vanus:	25+
Viited:	Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Mõisted:	Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day)

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Vaimne tervis - depressiivsed häired

Täiskasvanud, 2021

Vanus:	20+
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)
Mõisted:	Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years)

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Mehed, 2021

Vanus:	20+
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)
Mõisted:	Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years)

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Naised, 2021

Vanus:	20+
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)
Mõisted:	Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years)

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Täiskasvanud, 2015

Viited:	Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Mõisted:	% of population with depression disorders

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Lapsed, 2021

Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)
Mõisted:	Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age)

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Poisid, 2021

Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)
Mõisted:	Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age)

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Tüdrukud, 2021

Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)
Mõisted:	Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age)

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Vaimne tervis - ärevushäired

Täiskasvanud, 2021

Vanus:	20+
Viited:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25).
Mõisted:	Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population

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Mehed, 2021

Vanus:	20+
Viited:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25).
Mõisted:	Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population

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Naised, 2021

Vanus:	20+
Viited:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25).
Mõisted:	Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population

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Täiskasvanud, 2015

Viited:	Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Mõisted:	% of population with anxiety disorders

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Lapsed, 2021

Viited:

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)

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Poisid, 2021

Viited:

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Tüdrukud, 2021

Viited:

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0.–5. elukuuni eranditult rinnapiimal imikute %

0-5 years, 2007-2023

Viited:	Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department
Märkused:	Full details are available. Original citation United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2023). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, October 2023.

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Kõrgenenud vererõhk

Täiskasvanud, 2015

Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Mõisted:	Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

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Mehed, 2015

Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Mõisted:	Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

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Naised, 2015

Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Mõisted:	Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

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Kõrgenenud kolesteroolitase

Täiskasvanud, 2008

Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Mõisted:	% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

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Mehed, 2008

Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Mõisted:	% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

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Naised, 2008

Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Mõisted:	% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

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Kõrgenenud veresuhkru tase tühja kõhuga

Mehed, 2014

Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Mõisted:	Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

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Naised, 2014

Viited:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Mõisted:	Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

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Diabeedi levimus

Täiskasvanud, 2024

Viited:

Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 11th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2025. http://www.diabetesatlas.org

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Täiskasvanud, 2021

Vanus:	20-79
Hõlmatud piirkond:	Riiklik
Viited:	Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Mõisted:	Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, %

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Täiskasvanud, 2019

Vanus:	20-79
Viited:	Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
Mõisted:	Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

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Täiskasvanud, 2017

Viited:	Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Mõisted:	Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

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Economic impact of overweight and obesity

Policies, Interventions and Actions

Action Plan to Reduce the Double Burden of Malnutrition in the Western Pacific Region (2015–2020)

The WHO action plan to reduce the double burden of malnutrition in the Western Pacific Region. It calls for accelerated efforts to improve nutrition. The plan includes targets to halt the increase in childhood overweight and adult and adolescent diabetes and obesity by 2025.

Categories:	Evidence of Obesity Target Transnational Obesity Strategies/Policy/Recommendations or Action Plan
Year(s):	2015-2020
Target age group:	Lapsed
Organisation:	World Health Organisation
Find out more:	www.who.int
Linked document:	Download linked document
References:	World Health Organization. 2015. Action plan to reduce the double burden of malnutrition in the Western Pacific Region (2015–2020).

National Strategy for prevention and control of non communicable diseases 2015-2020

Year(s):	2015-2020
Target age group:	Täiskasvanud ja lapsed
Organisation:	Ministry of Health Tonga, Tonga Health
Linked document:	Download linked document
References:	Tonga Health Promotion Foundation (TongaHealth). Hala Fononga Path to Good Health Ki Ha Tonga Mo'ui Lelei: National strategy for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 2015–2020. (Kingdom of Tonga, Australian Aid, World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, Tonga Health eds.).Tonga: National Non-Communicable Diseases Committee; 2016.

Public health evidence related to obesity in Tonga - a literature review

Categories:	Health Effectiveness Reviews (obesity related)
Year(s):	2015 (ongoing)
Target age group:	Täiskasvanud ja lapsed
Organisation:	Ministy of Health Tonga & Tonga Health
Linked document:	Download linked document
References:	Michelle Kermode, Gregory Armstrong, Sara Gloede, Seini Filai, Reynold Ofanoa, Sione Hufunga, Ofa Tukia. Public health evidence related to obesity in Tonga- Literature Review. Ministry of Health 2015

Tonga National Healthy Eating Advisory Committee

Categories:	Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):	2015 (ongoing)
Target age group:	Täiskasvanud ja lapsed
Find out more:	www.tongahealth.org
References:	https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/mechanisms/1562 Please note the GINA website has been replaced by the GIFNA database and the GINA link will no longer work. You will find this document by searching this new database: https://gifna.who.int/

Tax on sugary drinks

Soft drinks containing sugar or sweeteners are taxed at T$0.5 per litre, this increased to T$1.5 by 2017.

Categories:	Taxation/Subsidies on Food or Beverages or law relating to public health
Year(s):	2013 (ongoing)
Target age group:	Täiskasvanud ja lapsed
Organisation:	Government of Tonga
Find out more:	ago.gov.to
Linked document:	Download linked document
References:	Information provided with kind permission of the World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) NOURISHING Framework. http://www.wcrf.org/int/policy/nourishing-framework

GNPR 2016-17 (q7) Breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling

WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2016-2017 reported the evidence of breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling (q7)

Categories:	Evidence of Breastfeeding promotion or related activity
Target age group:	Täiskasvanud
Organisation:	Ministry of Health (information provided by the GINA progam)
Find out more:	extranet.who.int
References:	Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en Please note the GINA website has been replaced by the GIFNA database and the GINA link will no longer work. You will find this document by searching this new database: https://gifna.who.int/

Obesity, Healthy Eating and Physical Activity trends in Tonga and the implications for the prevention and control of NCDs

The report recommends priority groups and behaviours to maximise the health impact of new NCD Strategy

Categories:	Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/Guidelines/Policy/Action plan Evidence of Physical Activity Guidelines/Policy Evidence of NCD strategy
Categories (partial):	Evidence of National Obesity Strategy/Policy or Action plan
Target age group:	Täiskasvanud ja lapsed
Organisation:	Ministy of Health Tonga & Tonga Health
Linked document:	Download linked document
References:	Obesity, healthy eating and physical activity health trends in Tonga and the implications for the prevention and control of NCDs. Dr Toakase Fakakovikaetau, Saia Faletau, Seini Filiai, Sara Gloede,Sione Hufanga, Dr Veisinia Matoto, Elisiva Naati, Dr Reynold 'Ofanoa, Dr Taniela Palu, Dr 'Ofa Tukia. Published by Ministry of Health Tonga & Tonga Health

No actions could be found for the above criteria.

Contextual factors

Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.

Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.

Labelling

Is there mandatory nutrition labelling?	Absent
Front-of-package labelling?	Absent
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration?	Absent
Color coding?	Absent
Warning label?	Absent

Regulation and marketing

Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products?	Present
Tax on unhealthy foods?	Absent
Tax on unhealthy drinks?	Present

Are there fiscal policies on healthy products?	Absent
Subsidy on fruits?	Absent
Subsidy on vegetables?	Absent
Subsidy on other healthy products?	Absent

Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)?	Absent
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)?	Absent
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)?	Absent

Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?	Absent
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media?	Absent
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media?	Absent
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?	Absent

Are there mandatory standards for food in schools?	Absent

Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products?	Absent

Nutrition standards for public sector procurement?	Absent

Political will and support

National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy?	Absent
National obesity strategy?	Absent
National childhood obesity strategy?	Absent
Comprehensive nutrition strategy?	Absent
Comprehensive physical activity strategy?	Absent

Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs?	Absent

National target(s) on reducing obesity?	Absent

Promotion of breastfeeding?	Present

Monitoring and surveillance

Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors?	Present
Within 5 years?	Present

Governance and resource

Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)?	Present

Key

Present

Present (voluntary)

Incoming

Absent

Unknown

Last updated September 13, 2022

See more policies here

Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions

Rasvumise levimus

Trendid ajas

Report cards

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Report card (adult data)

Report card (child data)

Report card (under-5s data)

Rahvastiku jaotus

Vanuse järgi

Piirkonna järgi

Sotsiaalmajandusliku grupi järgi

Double Burden

Tegurid

Ebapiisav aktiivsus

Karastusjookide tarbimine

Puuvilja tarbimine

Köögivilja tarbimine

Kiirtoidu tarbimine

Töödeldud liha tarbimine

Teravilja tarbimine

Depressioon

Ärevus

Rasvumise algpõhjused »

Imetamine

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Kaasnevad haigused

Kõrgenenud vererõhk

Kõrgenenud kolesteroolitase

Kõrgenenud veresuhkru tase tühja kõhuga

Diabeedi levimus

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Majanduslik mõju

Majanduslik mõju

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Strateegiad

Riiklik rasvumisvastane strateegia

Toitumis- või tervisestrateegia

Füüsiline aktiivsus

Toidu või jookide maksustamine/subsideerimine

Rahvusvahelised rasvumisvastased strateegiad

MNH strateegia

Tervisealase tõhususe ülevaated

Imetamine

Obesity Target

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Contextual factors

Contextual factors

Rasvumise levimus

Täiskasvanud, 2017

Täiskasvanud, 2012

Täiskasvanud, 2004

Täiskasvanud, 1998-2000

Lapsed, 2017

Lapsed, 2010

Lapsed, 2002-2003

0-5 years, 2019

0-5 years, 2019

0-5 years, 2012

% Adults living with obesity in Tonga 1998-2017

Mehed

Naised

% Adults living with overweight or obesity in Tonga 1998-2017

Mehed

Naised

% Adults living with obesity in selected countries in the Asia/Oceania Region 1975-2019, valitud riigid

Mehed

Naised

Ülekaalulisus / rasvumine vanuse järgi

Täiskasvanud, 2012

Ülekaalulisus / rasvumine piirkonna järgi

0-5 years, 2019

0-5 years, 2012

Ülekaalulisus / rasvumine sotsiaalmajandusliku grupi järgi

0-5 years, 2019

0-5 years, 2012

Double burden of underweight & overweight

Täiskasvanud, 2022

Lapsed, 2022

0-5 years, 2019

Ebapiisav füüsiline aktiivsus