Tonga
- Überblick
- Adipositasprävalenz
- Trends im Zeitverlauf
- Bevölkerungsaufschlüsselung
- Treiber
- Komorbiditäten
- Wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen
- Richtlinien (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar)
- Contextual factors
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Nationales Adipositasrisiko *7,5/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Adipositasrisiko bei Kindern *10/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Adipositasprävalenz
Trends im Zeitverlauf
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Treiber
Unzureichende Aktivität
Konsum von Erfrischungsgetränken
Obstverbrauch
Gemüsekonsum
Fast-Food-Konsum
Konsum von verarbeiteten Fleischwaren
Getreideverbrauch
Depression
Angst
Wurzeln der Adipositas »
Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.Stillen
Berichtskarte herunterladen
Komorbiditäten
Wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen
Richtlinien (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar)
Contextual factors
Adipositasprävalenz
Erwachsene, 2017
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Alter: | 18-69 |
Stichprobengröße: | 3858 |
Geltungsbereich: | National |
Referenzen: | Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Wenn nicht anders angegeben, bezieht sich Übergewicht auf einen BMI zwischen 25 kg und 29,9 kg/m², Adipositas auf einen BMI über 30 kg/m². |
Erwachsene, 2012
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Alter: | 25-64 |
Stichprobengröße: | 2599 |
Geltungsbereich: | National |
Referenzen: | STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | STEPS |
Wenn nicht anders angegeben, bezieht sich Übergewicht auf einen BMI zwischen 25 kg und 29,9 kg/m², Adipositas auf einen BMI über 30 kg/m². |
Erwachsene, 2004
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Alter: | 15-64 |
Stichprobengröße: | 958 |
Geltungsbereich: | National |
Referenzen: | Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 |
Wenn nicht anders angegeben, bezieht sich Übergewicht auf einen BMI zwischen 25 kg und 29,9 kg/m², Adipositas auf einen BMI über 30 kg/m². |
Erwachsene, 1998-2000
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Alter: | 15-85 |
Stichprobengröße: | 1024 |
Geltungsbereich: | National |
Referenzen: | Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. |
Wenn nicht anders angegeben, bezieht sich Übergewicht auf einen BMI zwischen 25 kg und 29,9 kg/m², Adipositas auf einen BMI über 30 kg/m². |
Kinder, 2017
Umfragetyp: | Selbst berichtet |
Alter: | 13-17 |
Stichprobengröße: | 3333 |
Geltungsbereich: | National |
Referenzen: | Tonga - Global School-Based Student Health Survey 2017 https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/tonga/en/ (Last accessed 20.10.20) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Kinder, 2010
Umfragetyp: | Selbst berichtet |
Alter: | 13-15 |
Stichprobengröße: | 2111 |
Geltungsbereich: | National |
Referenzen: | Global School Health Student Survey Factsheet Tonga, available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2010_GSHS_FS_Tonga.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 14.12.20) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Kinder, 2002-2003
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Alter: | 5-11 |
Stichprobengröße: | 895 |
Referenzen: | Shoko Fukuyama a; Tsukasa Inaoka b; Yasuhiro Matsumura c; Taro Yamauchi a; Kazumi Natsuhara d; Ryosuke kimura e; Ryutaro Ohtsuka f. Anthropometry of 5-19-year-old Tongan children with special interest in the high prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls. Annals of Human Biology, Volume 32, Issue 6 November 2005 , pages 714 - 723 |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | IOTF Cut off. Reference: Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3 |
Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Infants, 2019
Alter: | 0-5 |
Stichprobengröße: | 1271 |
Referenzen: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2019
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Alter: | 0-5 |
Stichprobengröße: | 1271 |
Geltungsbereich: | National |
Referenzen: | Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Infants. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD-+3SD. Obesity = >+3SD |
Cutoffs: | Other |
Infants, 2012
Alter: | 0-5 |
Referenzen: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | =>+2SD |
% Adults living with obesity in Tonga 1998-2017
Frauen
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Referenzen: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Wenn nicht anders angegeben, bezieht sich Übergewicht auf einen BMI zwischen 25 kg und 29,9 kg/m², Adipositas auf einen BMI über 30 kg/m². | |
Für die Erhebung dieser Daten wurden möglicherweise unterschiedliche Methoden verwendet, weshalb die Daten aus verschiedenen Erhebungen möglicherweise nicht genau vergleichbar sind. Bitte erkundigen Sie sich bei den ursprünglichen Datenquellen über die verwendeten Methoden |
Männer
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Referenzen: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Wenn nicht anders angegeben, bezieht sich Übergewicht auf einen BMI zwischen 25 kg und 29,9 kg/m², Adipositas auf einen BMI über 30 kg/m². | |
Für die Erhebung dieser Daten wurden möglicherweise unterschiedliche Methoden verwendet, weshalb die Daten aus verschiedenen Erhebungen möglicherweise nicht genau vergleichbar sind. Bitte erkundigen Sie sich bei den ursprünglichen Datenquellen über die verwendeten Methoden |
% Adults living with overweight or obesity in Tonga 1998-2017
Frauen
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Referenzen: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Wenn nicht anders angegeben, bezieht sich Übergewicht auf einen BMI zwischen 25 kg und 29,9 kg/m², Adipositas auf einen BMI über 30 kg/m². | |
Für die Erhebung dieser Daten wurden möglicherweise unterschiedliche Methoden verwendet, weshalb die Daten aus verschiedenen Erhebungen möglicherweise nicht genau vergleichbar sind. Bitte erkundigen Sie sich bei den ursprünglichen Datenquellen über die verwendeten Methoden |
Männer
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Referenzen: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Wenn nicht anders angegeben, bezieht sich Übergewicht auf einen BMI zwischen 25 kg und 29,9 kg/m², Adipositas auf einen BMI über 30 kg/m². | |
Für die Erhebung dieser Daten wurden möglicherweise unterschiedliche Methoden verwendet, weshalb die Daten aus verschiedenen Erhebungen möglicherweise nicht genau vergleichbar sind. Bitte erkundigen Sie sich bei den ursprünglichen Datenquellen über die verwendeten Methoden |
% Adults living with obesity in selected countries in the Asia/Oceania Region 1975-2019, ausgewählte Länder
Männer
Referenzen: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993, 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey. 2007: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). National Health Survey: Summary of results. Canberra, Australia, ABS, 2009. WHO Global InfoBase reference:102910 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011: National Institute of Population Research and Training - NIPORT/Bangladesh, Mitra and Associates/Bangladesh, and ICF International. 2013. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Dhaka, Bangladesh: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20) 2014: Australian National Health Survey, 2014-15 First Results. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4364.0.55.001Appendix22014-15?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=4364.0.55.001&issue=2014-15&num=&view= (last accessed 27th September 2017) 2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017: National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), and ICF. 2020. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18. Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NIPORT and ICF https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR344/FR344.pdf (last accessed 10.08.22) 2018: National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2018 published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Available at https://www.nibiohn.go.jp/eiken/kenkounippon21/download_files/eiyouchousa/2018.pdf (last accessed 17.05.21) 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) |
Für die Erhebung dieser Daten wurden möglicherweise unterschiedliche Methoden verwendet, weshalb die Daten aus verschiedenen Erhebungen möglicherweise nicht genau vergleichbar sind. Bitte erkundigen Sie sich bei den ursprünglichen Datenquellen über die verwendeten Methoden |
Frauen
Referenzen: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993, 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey. 2007: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). National Health Survey: Summary of results. Canberra, Australia, ABS, 2009. WHO Global InfoBase reference:102910 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011: National Institute of Population Research and Training - NIPORT/Bangladesh, Mitra and Associates/Bangladesh, and ICF International. 2013. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Dhaka, Bangladesh: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20) 2014: Australian National Health Survey, 2014-15 First Results. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4364.0.55.001Appendix22014-15?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=4364.0.55.001&issue=2014-15&num=&view= (last accessed 27th September 2017) 2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017: National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), and ICF. 2020. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18. Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NIPORT and ICF https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR344/FR344.pdf (last accessed 10.08.22) 2018: National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2018 published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Available at https://www.nibiohn.go.jp/eiken/kenkounippon21/download_files/eiyouchousa/2018.pdf (last accessed 17.05.21) 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) |
Für die Erhebung dieser Daten wurden möglicherweise unterschiedliche Methoden verwendet, weshalb die Daten aus verschiedenen Erhebungen möglicherweise nicht genau vergleichbar sind. Bitte erkundigen Sie sich bei den ursprünglichen Datenquellen über die verwendeten Methoden |
Übergewicht/Adipositas nach Bildung
Infants, 2019
Stichprobengröße: | 1271 |
Referenzen: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2012
Referenzen: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | =>+2SD |
Übergewicht/Adipositas nach Alter
Erwachsene, 2012
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Stichprobengröße: | 2599 |
Geltungsbereich: | National |
Referenzen: | STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | STEPS |
Wenn nicht anders angegeben, bezieht sich Übergewicht auf einen BMI zwischen 25 kg und 29,9 kg/m², Adipositas auf einen BMI über 30 kg/m². |
Übergewicht/Adipositas nach Region
Infants, 2019
Stichprobengröße: | 1271 |
Referenzen: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2012
Referenzen: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | =>+2SD |
Übergewicht/Adipositas nach sozioökonomischer Gruppe
Infants, 2019
Stichprobengröße: | 1271 |
Referenzen: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2012
Referenzen: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | =>+2SD |
Unzureichende körperliche Aktivität
Erwachsene, 2016
Referenzen: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Männer, 2016
Referenzen: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Frauen, 2016
Referenzen: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Kinder, 2016
Umfragetyp: | Selbst berichtet |
Alter: | 11-17 |
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Jungen, 2016
Umfragetyp: | Selbst berichtet |
Alter: | 11-17 |
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Mädchen, 2016
Umfragetyp: | Selbst berichtet |
Alter: | 11-17 |
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Kinder, 2010
Alter: | 11-17 |
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Jungen, 2010
Alter: | 11-17 |
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Mädchen, 2010
Alter: | 11-17 |
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Durchschnittliche Häufigkeit des täglichen Konsums von kohlensäurehaltigen Erfrischungsgetränken
Kinder, 2010-2015
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Alter: | 12-17 |
Referenzen: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Erwachsene, 2017
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Alter: | 25+ |
Referenzen: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day) |
Prävalenz von weniger als täglichem Obstkonsum
Kinder, 2010-2015
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Alter: | 12-17 |
Referenzen: | Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption) |
Prävalenz von weniger als täglichem Gemüsekonsum
Kinder, 2010-2015
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Alter: | 12-17 |
Referenzen: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption) |
Durchschnittliche wöchentliche Häufigkeit des Konsums von Fast-Food
Kinder, 2010-2015
Alter: | 12-17 |
Referenzen: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Geschätzter Verzehr von verarbeitetem Fleisch pro Kopf
Erwachsene, 2017
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Alter: | 25+ |
Referenzen: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day) |
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Erwachsene, 2017
Umfragetyp: | Gemessen |
Alter: | 25+ |
Referenzen: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day) |
Psychische Gesundheit – Depressionsstörungen
Erwachsene, 2015
Referenzen: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % of population with depression disorders |
Psychische Gesundheit – Angststörungen
Erwachsene, 2015
Referenzen: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % of population with anxiety disorders |
% der Kleinkinder, die ausschließlich von 0-5 Monaten gestillt wurden
Kinder, 2004-2020
Geltungsbereich: | National |
Referenzen: | Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Anmerkungen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | See UNICEF website for further survey information. Available at : https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/infant-young-child-feeding/ (last accessed 28.9.21) Citation: United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2021). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, September 2021. |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % exclusively breastfed 0-5 months |
Erhöhter Blutdruck
Erwachsene, 2015
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Männer, 2015
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Frauen, 2015
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Erhöhtes Cholesterin
Erwachsene, 2008
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Männer, 2008
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Frauen, 2008
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Erhöhter Nüchternblutzucker
Männer, 2014
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Frauen, 2014
Referenzen: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Diabetes-Prävalenz
Erwachsene, 2021
Alter: | 20-79 |
Geltungsbereich: | National |
Referenzen: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % |
Erwachsene, 2019
Alter: | 20-79 |
Referenzen: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Erwachsene, 2017
Referenzen: | Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definitionen (nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Economic impact of overweight and obesity
Policies, Interventions and Actions
Contextual factors
Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.
Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.
Labelling
Is there mandatory nutrition labelling? | Absent |
Front-of-package labelling? | Absent |
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration? | Absent |
Color coding? | Absent |
Warning label? | Absent |
Regulation and marketing
Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products? | Present |
Tax on unhealthy foods? | Absent |
Tax on unhealthy drinks? | Present |
Are there fiscal policies on healthy products? | Absent |
Subsidy on fruits? | Absent |
Subsidy on vegetables? | Absent |
Subsidy on other healthy products? | Absent |
Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)? | Absent |
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media? | Absent |
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Are there mandatory standards for food in schools? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products? | Absent |
Nutrition standards for public sector procurement? | Absent |
Political will and support
National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy? | Absent |
National obesity strategy? | Absent |
National childhood obesity strategy? | Absent |
Comprehensive nutrition strategy? | Absent |
Comprehensive physical activity strategy? | Absent |
Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs? | Absent |
National target(s) on reducing obesity? | Absent |
Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment? | Absent |
Promotion of breastfeeding? | Present |
Monitoring and surveillance
Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors? | Present |
Within 5 years? | Present |
Governance and resource
Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)? | Present |
Key
Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown
Last updated September 13, 2022
Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions