Tonga
Upper-middle income
- Přehled
- Prevalence obezity
- Trendy v průběhu času
- Rozdělení populace
- Faktory
- Komorbidity
- Ekonomický dopad
- Zásady (k dispozici pouze v angličtině)
- Contextual factors
Report cards
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Rozdělení populace
Faktory
Nedostatečná aktivita
Spotřeba nealkoholických nápojů
Spotřeba ovoce
Spotřeba zeleniny
Konzumace rychlého občerstvení
Spotřeba zpracovaného masa
Spotřeba obilných potravin
Deprese
Úzkost
Příčiny obezity »
Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.Kojení
Stáhnout zprávu
Komorbidity
Ekonomický dopad
Zásady (k dispozici pouze v angličtině)
Contextual factors
Prevalence obezity
Dospělí, 2017
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 18-69 |
Velikost vzorku: | 3858 |
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Pokud není uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyšší než 30 kg/m². |
Dospělí, 2012
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 25-64 |
Velikost vzorku: | 2599 |
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) |
Poznámky: | STEPS |
Pokud není uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyšší než 30 kg/m². |
Dospělí, 2004
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 15-64 |
Velikost vzorku: | 958 |
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 |
Pokud není uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyšší než 30 kg/m². |
Dospělí, 1998-2000
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 15-85 |
Velikost vzorku: | 1024 |
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. |
Pokud není uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyšší než 30 kg/m². |
Děti, 2017
Typ průzkumu: | Samonahlášený |
Věk: | 13-17 |
Velikost vzorku: | 3333 |
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Tonga - Global School-Based Student Health Survey 2017 https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/tonga/en/ (Last accessed 20.10.20) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Děti, 2010
Typ průzkumu: | Samonahlášený |
Věk: | 13-15 |
Velikost vzorku: | 2111 |
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Global School Health Student Survey Factsheet Tonga, available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2010_GSHS_FS_Tonga.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 14.12.20) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Děti, 2002-2003
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 5-11 |
Velikost vzorku: | 895 |
Reference: | Shoko Fukuyama a; Tsukasa Inaoka b; Yasuhiro Matsumura c; Taro Yamauchi a; Kazumi Natsuhara d; Ryosuke kimura e; Ryutaro Ohtsuka f. Anthropometry of 5-19-year-old Tongan children with special interest in the high prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls. Annals of Human Biology, Volume 32, Issue 6 November 2005 , pages 714 - 723 |
Poznámky: | IOTF Cut off. Reference: Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3 |
Cutoffs: | IOTF |
0-5 years, 2019
Věk: | 0-5 |
Velikost vzorku: | 1271 |
Reference: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2019
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 0-5 |
Velikost vzorku: | 1271 |
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Poznámky: | Infants. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD-+3SD. Obesity = >+3SD |
Cutoffs: | Other |
0-5 years, 2012
Věk: | 0-5 |
Reference: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | =>+2SD |
% Adults living with obesity in Tonga 1998-2017
Ženy
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Reference: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Pokud není uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyšší než 30 kg/m². | |
Ke shromažďování těchto údajů mohly být použity různé metodiky, a proto nemusí být údaje z různých průzkumů vždy plně srovnatelné. Použité metodiky viz původní zdroje údajů |
Muži
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Reference: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Pokud není uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyšší než 30 kg/m². | |
Ke shromažďování těchto údajů mohly být použity různé metodiky, a proto nemusí být údaje z různých průzkumů vždy plně srovnatelné. Použité metodiky viz původní zdroje údajů |
% Adults living with overweight or obesity in Tonga 1998-2017
Ženy
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Reference: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Pokud není uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyšší než 30 kg/m². | |
Ke shromažďování těchto údajů mohly být použity různé metodiky, a proto nemusí být údaje z různých průzkumů vždy plně srovnatelné. Použité metodiky viz původní zdroje údajů |
Muži
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Reference: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Pokud není uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyšší než 30 kg/m². | |
Ke shromažďování těchto údajů mohly být použity různé metodiky, a proto nemusí být údaje z různých průzkumů vždy plně srovnatelné. Použité metodiky viz původní zdroje údajů |
% Adults living with obesity in selected countries in the Asia/Oceania Region 1975-2019, vybrané země
Muži
Reference: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993, 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey. 2007: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). National Health Survey: Summary of results. Canberra, Australia, ABS, 2009. WHO Global InfoBase reference:102910 2008: Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST). 2010. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2008. DOST Complex, FNRI Bldg., Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011: National Institute of Population Research and Training - NIPORT/Bangladesh, Mitra and Associates/Bangladesh, and ICF International. 2013. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Dhaka, Bangladesh: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20) 2014: National Institute of Population Research and Training - NIPORT/Bangladesh, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 2016. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Dhaka, Bangladesh: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International.. http://www.dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-FR311-DHS-Final-Reports.cfm (last accessed 11th April 2016) 2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) 2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators accessed 14.11.19) 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2021: Department of Science and Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI). 2024. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures: 2021 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS). FNRI Bldg., DOST Compound, Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. https://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/facts-and-figures.php?year=2021 [Accessed 14.07.25] 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) 2023: Institute for Public Health (IKU). National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2023: Non-Communicable Diseases and Healthcare Demand: Technical Report; 2024. Available at https://iku.nih.gov.my/nhms-2023 (last accessed 04.02.25) |
Ke shromažďování těchto údajů mohly být použity různé metodiky, a proto nemusí být údaje z různých průzkumů vždy plně srovnatelné. Použité metodiky viz původní zdroje údajů |
Ženy
Reference: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993, 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey. 2007: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). National Health Survey: Summary of results. Canberra, Australia, ABS, 2009. WHO Global InfoBase reference:102910 2008: Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST). 2010. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2008. DOST Complex, FNRI Bldg., Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011: National Institute of Population Research and Training - NIPORT/Bangladesh, Mitra and Associates/Bangladesh, and ICF International. 2013. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Dhaka, Bangladesh: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20) 2014: National Institute of Population Research and Training - NIPORT/Bangladesh, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 2016. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Dhaka, Bangladesh: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International.. http://www.dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-FR311-DHS-Final-Reports.cfm (last accessed 11th April 2016) 2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) 2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators accessed 14.11.19) 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2021: Department of Science and Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI). 2024. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures: 2021 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS). FNRI Bldg., DOST Compound, Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. https://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/facts-and-figures.php?year=2021 [Accessed 14.07.25] 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) 2023: Institute for Public Health (IKU). National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2023: Non-Communicable Diseases and Healthcare Demand: Technical Report; 2024. Available at https://iku.nih.gov.my/nhms-2023 (last accessed 04.02.25) |
Ke shromažďování těchto údajů mohly být použity různé metodiky, a proto nemusí být údaje z různých průzkumů vždy plně srovnatelné. Použité metodiky viz původní zdroje údajů |
Nadváha/obezita podle věku
Dospělí, 2012
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Velikost vzorku: | 2599 |
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) |
Poznámky: | STEPS |
Pokud není uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyšší než 30 kg/m². |
Nadváha/obezita podle regionu
0-5 years, 2019
Velikost vzorku: | 1271 |
Reference: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2012
Reference: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | =>+2SD |
Nadváha/obezita podle sociálně-ekonomické skupiny
0-5 years, 2019
Velikost vzorku: | 1271 |
Reference: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2012
Reference: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | =>+2SD |
Double burden of underweight & overweight
Dospělí, 2022
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 20+ |
Reference: | NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; published online Feb 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2. |
Poznámky: | Age Standardised estimates |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Combined prevalence of BMI<18.5 kg/m² and BMI>=30 kg/m² (double burden of underweight and obesity) |
Děti, 2022
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 5-19 |
Reference: | NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; published online Feb 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2. |
Poznámky: | Age standardised estimates |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Combined prevalence of BMI < -2SD and BMI > 2SD (double burden of thinness and obesity) |
Cutoffs: | BMI < -2SD and BMI > 2SD |
0-5 years, 2019-2019
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 0-5 |
Reference: | UNICEF data available at https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition/(last accessed 12.03.25) |
Poznámky: | Children under 5 falling below -2 standard deviations from the median height for age and falling at or above +2 standard deviations from the median weight-for-height of the reference population |
Nedostatečná fyzická aktivita
Dospělí, 2016
Reference: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Muži, 2016
Reference: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Ženy, 2016
Reference: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Děti, 2016
Typ průzkumu: | Samonahlášený |
Věk: | 11-17 |
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Poznámky: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Chlapci, 2016
Typ průzkumu: | Samonahlášený |
Věk: | 11-17 |
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Poznámky: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Dívky, 2016
Typ průzkumu: | Samonahlášený |
Věk: | 11-17 |
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Poznámky: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Děti, 2010
Věk: | 11-17 |
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Poznámky: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Chlapci, 2010
Věk: | 11-17 |
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Poznámky: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Dívky, 2010
Věk: | 11-17 |
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Poznámky: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Průměrná denní frekvence konzumace sycených nealkoholických nápojů
Děti, 2010-2015
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 12-17 |
Reference: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Dospělí, 2017
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 25+ |
Reference: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day) |
Prevalence spotřeby méně než jednoho ovoce denně
Děti, 2010-2015
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 12-17 |
Reference: | Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption) |
Prevalence spotřeby méně než jedné zeleniny denně
Děti, 2010-2015
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 12-17 |
Reference: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption) |
Průměrná týdenní frekvence konzumace rychlého občerstvení
Děti, 2010-2015
Věk: | 12-17 |
Reference: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Odhadovaný příjem zpracovaného masa na osobu
Dospělí, 2017
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 25+ |
Reference: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day) |
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Dospělí, 2017
Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
Věk: | 25+ |
Reference: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day) |
Duševní zdraví – stavy deprese
Dospělí, 2021
Věk: | 20+ |
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years) |
Muži, 2021
Věk: | 20+ |
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years) |
Ženy, 2021
Věk: | 20+ |
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years) |
Dospělí, 2015-2021
Reference: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % of population with depression disorders |
Dospělí, 2015-2021
Reference: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % of population with depression disorders |
Muži, 2015-2021
Reference: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % of population with depression disorders |
Ženy, 2015-2021
Reference: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % of population with depression disorders |
Děti, 2021
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age) |
Chlapci, 2021
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age) |
Dívky, 2021
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age) |
Duševní zdraví – stavy úzkosti
Dospělí, 2021
Věk: | 20+ |
Reference: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25). |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population |
Muži, 2021
Věk: | 20+ |
Reference: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25). |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population |
Ženy, 2021
Věk: | 20+ |
Reference: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25). |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population |
Dospělí, 2015-2021
Reference: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % of population with anxiety disorders |
Dospělí, 2015-2021
Reference: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % of population with anxiety disorders |
Muži, 2015-2021
Reference: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % of population with anxiety disorders |
Ženy, 2015-2021
Reference: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % of population with anxiety disorders |
Děti, 2021
Reference: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
Chlapci, 2021
Reference: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
Dívky, 2021
Reference: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
% výhradně kojených dětí 0–5 měsíců
0-5 years, 2007-2023
Reference: | Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Poznámky: | Full details are available. Original citation United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2023). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, October 2023. |
Zvýšený krevní tlak
Dospělí, 2015
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Muži, 2015
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Ženy, 2015
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Zvýšený cholesterol
Dospělí, 2008
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Muži, 2008
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Ženy, 2008
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Zvýšená hladina glukózy v krvi nalačno
Muži, 2014
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Ženy, 2014
Reference: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Prevalence diabetu
Dospělí, 2024
Reference: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 11th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2025. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Dospělí, 2021
Věk: | 20-79 |
Pokrytá oblast: | Národní |
Reference: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % |
Dospělí, 2019
Věk: | 20-79 |
Reference: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Dospělí, 2017
Reference: | Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definice (k dispozici pouze v angličtině): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Economic impact of overweight and obesity
Policies, Interventions and Actions
Contextual factors
Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.
Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.
Labelling
Is there mandatory nutrition labelling? | Absent |
Front-of-package labelling? | Absent |
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration? | Absent |
Color coding? | Absent |
Warning label? | Absent |
Regulation and marketing
Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products? | Present |
Tax on unhealthy foods? | Absent |
Tax on unhealthy drinks? | Present |
Are there fiscal policies on healthy products? | Absent |
Subsidy on fruits? | Absent |
Subsidy on vegetables? | Absent |
Subsidy on other healthy products? | Absent |
Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)? | Absent |
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media? | Absent |
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Are there mandatory standards for food in schools? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products? | Absent |
Nutrition standards for public sector procurement? | Absent |
Political will and support
National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy? | Absent |
National obesity strategy? | Absent |
National childhood obesity strategy? | Absent |
Comprehensive nutrition strategy? | Absent |
Comprehensive physical activity strategy? | Absent |
Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs? | Absent |
National target(s) on reducing obesity? | Absent |
Promotion of breastfeeding? | Present |
Monitoring and surveillance
Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors? | Present |
Within 5 years? | Present |
Governance and resource
Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)? | Present |
Key
Last updated September 13, 2022
Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions