Tonga
Upper-middle income
- Vue d’ensemble
- Prévalence de l’obésité
- Tendances au fil du temps
- Ventilation de la population
- Facteurs de risques
- Comorbidités
- Impact économique
- Politiques (uniquement disponibles en anglais)
- Contextual factors
Report cards
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Ventilation de la population
Facteurs de risques
Activité insuffisante
Consommation de boissons gazeuses
Consommation de fruits
Consommation de légumes
Consommation de restauration rapide
Consommation de viande transformée
Consommation de céréales
Dépression
Anxiété
Les racines de l'obésité »
Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.Allaitement
Télécharger le rapport d’évaluation
Comorbidités
Impact économique
Politiques (uniquement disponibles en anglais)
Stratégie nationale de lutte contre l’obésité
Stratégie nutritionnelle ou sanitaire
Activité physique
Taxes/Subventions alimentaires (y compris les boissons)
Stratégies transnationales de lutte contre l'obésité
Stratégie contre les MNT
Examens de l’efficacité sur le plan sanitaire
Allaitement
Obesity Target
Télécharger le rapport d’évaluation
Contextual factors
Prévalence de l’obésité
Adultes, 2017
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Âge: | 18-69 |
| Taille de l’échantillon: | 3858 |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
| Sauf indication contraire, le surpoids fait référence à un IMC compris entre 25 kg et 29,9 kg/m², l'obésité fait référence à un IMC supérieur à 30 kg/m². | |
Adultes, 2012
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Âge: | 25-64 |
| Taille de l’échantillon: | 2599 |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) |
| Notes: | STEPS |
| Sauf indication contraire, le surpoids fait référence à un IMC compris entre 25 kg et 29,9 kg/m², l'obésité fait référence à un IMC supérieur à 30 kg/m². | |
Adultes, 2004
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Âge: | 15-64 |
| Taille de l’échantillon: | 958 |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 |
| Sauf indication contraire, le surpoids fait référence à un IMC compris entre 25 kg et 29,9 kg/m², l'obésité fait référence à un IMC supérieur à 30 kg/m². | |
Adultes, 1998-2000
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Âge: | 15-85 |
| Taille de l’échantillon: | 1024 |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. |
| Sauf indication contraire, le surpoids fait référence à un IMC compris entre 25 kg et 29,9 kg/m², l'obésité fait référence à un IMC supérieur à 30 kg/m². | |
Enfants, 2017
| Type d’enquête: | Autodéclaré |
| Âge: | 13-17 |
| Taille de l’échantillon: | 3333 |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Tonga - Global School-Based Student Health Survey 2017 https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/tonga/en/ (Last accessed 20.10.20) |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
Enfants, 2010
| Type d’enquête: | Autodéclaré |
| Âge: | 13-15 |
| Taille de l’échantillon: | 2111 |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Global School Health Student Survey Factsheet Tonga, available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2010_GSHS_FS_Tonga.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 14.12.20) |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
Enfants, 2002-2003
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Âge: | 5-11 |
| Taille de l’échantillon: | 895 |
| Références: | Shoko Fukuyama a; Tsukasa Inaoka b; Yasuhiro Matsumura c; Taro Yamauchi a; Kazumi Natsuhara d; Ryosuke kimura e; Ryutaro Ohtsuka f. Anthropometry of 5-19-year-old Tongan children with special interest in the high prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls. Annals of Human Biology, Volume 32, Issue 6 November 2005 , pages 714 - 723 |
| Notes: | IOTF Cut off. Reference: Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3 |
| Cutoffs: | IOTF |
0-5 years, 2019
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Âge: | 0-5 |
| Taille de l’échantillon: | 1271 |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
| Notes: | Infants. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD-+3SD. Obesity = >+3SD |
| Cutoffs: | Other |
0-5 years, 2019
| Âge: | 0-5 |
| Taille de l’échantillon: | 1271 |
| Références: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2012
| Âge: | 0-5 |
| Références: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | =>+2SD |
% Adults living with obesity in Tonga 1998-2017
Hommes
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Références: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
| Sauf indication contraire, le surpoids fait référence à un IMC compris entre 25 kg et 29,9 kg/m², l'obésité fait référence à un IMC supérieur à 30 kg/m². | |
| Différentes méthodologies peuvent avoir été utilisées pour collecter ces données et, par conséquent, les données de différentes enquêtes peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables. Veuillez vérifier auprès des sources de données d'origine les méthodologies utilisées | |
Femmes
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Références: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
| Sauf indication contraire, le surpoids fait référence à un IMC compris entre 25 kg et 29,9 kg/m², l'obésité fait référence à un IMC supérieur à 30 kg/m². | |
| Différentes méthodologies peuvent avoir été utilisées pour collecter ces données et, par conséquent, les données de différentes enquêtes peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables. Veuillez vérifier auprès des sources de données d'origine les méthodologies utilisées | |
% Adults living with overweight or obesity in Tonga 1998-2017
Hommes
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Références: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
| Sauf indication contraire, le surpoids fait référence à un IMC compris entre 25 kg et 29,9 kg/m², l'obésité fait référence à un IMC supérieur à 30 kg/m². | |
| Différentes méthodologies peuvent avoir été utilisées pour collecter ces données et, par conséquent, les données de différentes enquêtes peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables. Veuillez vérifier auprès des sources de données d'origine les méthodologies utilisées | |
Femmes
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Références: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
| Sauf indication contraire, le surpoids fait référence à un IMC compris entre 25 kg et 29,9 kg/m², l'obésité fait référence à un IMC supérieur à 30 kg/m². | |
| Différentes méthodologies peuvent avoir été utilisées pour collecter ces données et, par conséquent, les données de différentes enquêtes peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables. Veuillez vérifier auprès des sources de données d'origine les méthodologies utilisées | |
% Adults living with obesity in selected countries in the Asia/Oceania Region 1975-2019, pays sélectionnés
Hommes
| Références: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993: Ismail MN, Zawaih H, Chee SS, Ng KK. Prevalence of obesity and chronic energy deficiency (CED) in adult Malaysians. Malays J Nutrition. 1995; 1:1-9 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Data provided by the Philippean Depatment of Health, Dr C. Barbu, data reanalysed by Dr Charmaine Duante. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2005: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 2006: Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2007. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2007: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). National Health Survey: Summary of results. Canberra, Australia, ABS, 2009. WHO Global InfoBase reference:102910 2008: Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST). 2010. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2008. DOST Complex, FNRI Bldg., Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011: Food and Nutrition Research Institute – Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST). 2012. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2011. DOST Complex, FNRI Bldg., Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. https://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/facts-and-figures.php?year=2011 [Accessed 14.07.25] 2012: New Zealand Health Survey 2012/13. https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202324-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25] 2013: http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2013-14-new-zealand-health-survey [Last Accessed 19.11.25] 2014: Australian National Health Survey, 2014-15 First Results. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4364.0.55.001Appendix22014-15?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=4364.0.55.001&issue=2014-15&num=&view= (last accessed 27th September 2017) 2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017: Australian National Health Survey 2017-18. http://abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/4364.0.55.001~2017-18~Main%20Features~About%20the%20National%20Health%20Survey~5 (accessed 12.12.18) 2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators (last accessed 19.11.25) 2019: New Zealand Health Survey 2019/20. https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202324-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25] 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey [Last Accessed 19.11.25] 2021: Department of Science and Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI). 2024. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures: 2021 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS). FNRI Bldg., DOST Compound, Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. https://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/facts-and-figures.php?year=2021 [Accessed 14.07.25] 2022: Annual Update of Key Results 2022/23: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2022-23-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25] 2023: Annual Update of Key Results 2023/24: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202324-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25] 2024: Annual Update of Key Results 2024/25: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202425-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25] |
| Différentes méthodologies peuvent avoir été utilisées pour collecter ces données et, par conséquent, les données de différentes enquêtes peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables. Veuillez vérifier auprès des sources de données d'origine les méthodologies utilisées | |
Femmes
| Références: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993: Ismail MN, Zawaih H, Chee SS, Ng KK. Prevalence of obesity and chronic energy deficiency (CED) in adult Malaysians. Malays J Nutrition. 1995; 1:1-9 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Data provided by the Philippean Depatment of Health, Dr C. Barbu, data reanalysed by Dr Charmaine Duante. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2005: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 2006: Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2007. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2007: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). National Health Survey: Summary of results. Canberra, Australia, ABS, 2009. WHO Global InfoBase reference:102910 2008: Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST). 2010. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2008. DOST Complex, FNRI Bldg., Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011: Food and Nutrition Research Institute – Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST). 2012. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2011. DOST Complex, FNRI Bldg., Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. https://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/facts-and-figures.php?year=2011 [Accessed 14.07.25] 2012: New Zealand Health Survey 2012/13. https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202324-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25] 2013: http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2013-14-new-zealand-health-survey [Last Accessed 19.11.25] 2014: Australian National Health Survey, 2014-15 First Results. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4364.0.55.001Appendix22014-15?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=4364.0.55.001&issue=2014-15&num=&view= (last accessed 27th September 2017) 2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017: Australian National Health Survey 2017-18. http://abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/4364.0.55.001~2017-18~Main%20Features~About%20the%20National%20Health%20Survey~5 (accessed 12.12.18) 2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators (last accessed 19.11.25) 2019: New Zealand Health Survey 2019/20. https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202324-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25] 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey [Last Accessed 19.11.25] 2021: Department of Science and Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI). 2024. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures: 2021 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS). FNRI Bldg., DOST Compound, Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. https://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/facts-and-figures.php?year=2021 [Accessed 14.07.25] 2022: Annual Update of Key Results 2022/23: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2022-23-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25] 2023: Annual Update of Key Results 2023/24: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202324-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25] 2024: Annual Update of Key Results 2024/25: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publications/annual-update-of-key-results-202425-new-zealand-health-survey [Last accessed 19.11.25] |
| Différentes méthodologies peuvent avoir été utilisées pour collecter ces données et, par conséquent, les données de différentes enquêtes peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables. Veuillez vérifier auprès des sources de données d'origine les méthodologies utilisées | |
Surpoids/obésité selon l'âge
Adultes, 2012
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Taille de l’échantillon: | 2599 |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) |
| Notes: | STEPS |
| Sauf indication contraire, le surpoids fait référence à un IMC compris entre 25 kg et 29,9 kg/m², l'obésité fait référence à un IMC supérieur à 30 kg/m². | |
Surpoids/obésité selon la région
0-5 years, 2019
| Taille de l’échantillon: | 1271 |
| Références: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2012
| Références: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | =>+2SD |
Surpoids/obésité selon le groupe socio-économique
0-5 years, 2019
| Taille de l’échantillon: | 1271 |
| Références: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2012
| Références: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
| Notes: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | =>+2SD |
Double burden of underweight & overweight
Adultes, 2022
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Âge: | 20+ |
| Références: | NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; published online Feb 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2. |
| Notes: | Age Standardised estimates |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Combined prevalence of BMI<18.5 kg/m² and BMI>=30 kg/m² (double burden of underweight and obesity) |
Enfants, 2022
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Âge: | 5-19 |
| Références: | NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; published online Feb 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2. |
| Notes: | Age standardised estimates |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Combined prevalence of BMI < -2SD and BMI > 2SD (double burden of thinness and obesity) |
| Cutoffs: | BMI < -2SD and BMI > 2SD |
0-5 years, 2019
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Âge: | 0-5 |
| Références: | United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2025). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Overlapping Stunting, Wasting and Overweight (Survey Estimates), 2025, New York. For more information, visit: https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition/ [Accessed 06.08.25] |
| Notes: | Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Combined percentage of children under 5 years of age who are either wasted, stunted, or overweight (falling below -2 standard deviations from the median weight-for-height, falling below -2 standard deviations from the median height for age, or falling at or above +2 standard deviations from the median weight-for-height of the reference population) |
| Cutoffs: | WHZ <-2, HAZ <-2 and WHZ >+2 |
% d'activité physique insuffisante
Adultes, 2016
| Références: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Hommes, 2016
| Références: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Femmes, 2016
| Références: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Enfants, 2016
| Type d’enquête: | Autodéclaré |
| Âge: | 11-17 |
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
| Notes: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Garçons, 2016
| Type d’enquête: | Autodéclaré |
| Âge: | 11-17 |
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
| Notes: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Filles, 2016
| Type d’enquête: | Autodéclaré |
| Âge: | 11-17 |
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
| Notes: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Enfants, 2010
| Âge: | 11-17 |
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
| Notes: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Garçons, 2010
| Âge: | 11-17 |
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
| Notes: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Filles, 2010
| Âge: | 11-17 |
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
| Notes: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Fréquence quotidienne moyenne de consommation de boissons non-alcoolisées gazeuses
Enfants, 2010-2015
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Âge: | 12-17 |
| Références: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Adultes, 2017
| Âge: | 25+ |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Estimated per capita fruit intake (g/day) |
Prévalence d'une consommation de fruits inférieure à 1 fois par jour
Enfants, 2010
| Type d’enquête: | Autodéclaré |
| Âge: | 12-17 |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption) |
Prévalence d'une consommation de légumes inférieure 1 fois par jour
Enfants, 2010
| Type d’enquête: | Autodéclaré |
| Âge: | 12-17 |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption) |
Fréquence hebdomadaire moyenne de consommation de restauration rapide
Enfants, 2010-2015
| Âge: | 12-17 |
| Références: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Estimated per capita processed meat intake
Adultes, 2017
| Âge: | 25+ |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Estimated per capita processed meat intake (g per day) |
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Adultes, 2017
| Type d’enquête: | Mesuré |
| Âge: | 25+ |
| Références: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day) |
Santé mentale - troubles dépressifs
Adultes, 2021
| Âge: | 20+ |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years) |
Hommes, 2021
| Âge: | 20+ |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years) |
Femmes, 2021
| Âge: | 20+ |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years) |
Adultes, 2015
| Références: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | % of population with depression disorders |
Enfants, 2021
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age) |
Garçons, 2021
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age) |
Filles, 2021
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age) |
Santé mentale - troubles anxieux
Adultes, 2021
| Âge: | 20+ |
| Références: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25). |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population |
Hommes, 2021
| Âge: | 20+ |
| Références: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25). |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population |
Femmes, 2021
| Âge: | 20+ |
| Références: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25). |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population |
Adultes, 2015
| Références: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | % of population with anxiety disorders |
Enfants, 2021
| Références: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
Garçons, 2021
| Références: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
Filles, 2021
| Références: | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25) |
% de nourrissons âgés de 0 à 5 mois nourris exclusivement avec du lait maternel
0-5 years, 2007-2023
| Références: | Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
| Notes: | Full details are available. Original citation United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2023). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, October 2023. |
Hypertension
Adultes, 2015
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Hommes, 2015
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Femmes, 2015
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Hypercholestérolémie
Adultes, 2008
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Hommes, 2008
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Femmes, 2008
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Hyperglycémie à jeun
Hommes, 2014
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Femmes, 2014
| Références: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Prévalence du diabète
Adultes, 2024
| Références: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 11th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2025. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Adultes, 2021
| Âge: | 20-79 |
| Région couverte: | National |
| Références: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % |
Adultes, 2019
| Âge: | 20-79 |
| Références: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Adultes, 2017
| Références: | Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Définitions (uniquement disponible en anglais): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Economic impact of overweight and obesity
Policies, Interventions and Actions
Contextual factors
Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.
Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.
Labelling
| Is there mandatory nutrition labelling? | Absent |
| Front-of-package labelling? | Absent |
| Back-of-pack nutrition declaration? | Absent |
| Color coding? | Absent |
| Warning label? | Absent |
Regulation and marketing
| Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products? | Present |
| Tax on unhealthy foods? | Absent |
| Tax on unhealthy drinks? | Present |
| Are there fiscal policies on healthy products? | Absent |
| Subsidy on fruits? | Absent |
| Subsidy on vegetables? | Absent |
| Subsidy on other healthy products? | Absent |
| Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)? | Absent |
| Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? | Absent |
| Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? | Absent |
| Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
| Mandatory restriction on broadcast media? | Absent |
| Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media? | Absent |
| Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
| Are there mandatory standards for food in schools? | Absent |
| Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products? | Absent |
| Nutrition standards for public sector procurement? | Absent |
Political will and support
| National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy? | Absent |
| National obesity strategy? | Absent |
| National childhood obesity strategy? | Absent |
| Comprehensive nutrition strategy? | Absent |
| Comprehensive physical activity strategy? | Absent |
| Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs? | Absent |
| National target(s) on reducing obesity? | Absent |
| Promotion of breastfeeding? | Present |
Monitoring and surveillance
| Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors? | Present |
| Within 5 years? | Present |
Governance and resource
| Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)? | Present |
Key
Last updated September 13, 2022
Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions