Macedonia del Norte

Vista general
Prevalencia de obesidad
Desgloses de población
Conductores
Comorbilidades
Impacto económico
Políticas (solo disponible en inglés)
Contextual factors

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Riesgo nacional de obesidad *7/10 Riesgo de obesidad infantil *7/11

* Basado en datos estimados. Para obtener más información, consulte Publicaciones.

Prevalencia de obesidad

Report cards

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Report card (adult data)

Report card (child data)

Report card (under-5s data)

Desgloses de población

Por nivel de estudios

Por edad

Por región

Por nivel socioeconómico

Double Burden

Conductores

Actividad insuficiente

Consumo de refrescos

Consumo de fruta

Consumo de verduras

Consumo de carne procesada

Consumo de cereales

Depresión

Ansiedad

Raíces de la obesidad »

Lactancia

Unaffordable diet

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Comorbilidades

Cáncer de esófago

Cáncer de mama

Cáncer colorrectal

Cáncer de páncreas

Cáncer de la vesícula biliar

Cáncer de riñón

Cáncer de útero

Tensión arterial elevada

Colesterol elevado

Glucemia en ayunas elevada

Prevalencia de la diabetes

Ovarian Cancer

Leukemia

Liver & bile duct cancer

Mulitple Myeloma

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

Thyroid Cancer

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Impacto económico

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Políticas (solo disponible en inglés)

Estrategia de salud o nutricional

Marketing

Actividad física

Impuestos/subsidios de alimentación o bebida

Intervenciones de la comunidad

Pautas de gestión o tratamiento

School Food Regulations/Guidelines

Lactancia

Multisectoral national mechanism for obesity

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Contextual factors

Prevalencia de obesidad

Adultos, 2017

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Edad:	18+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20)
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

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Adultos, 2001

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	20-65
Tamaño de la muestra:	838
Referencias:	Stikova E, Kolevska L. Presented at a WHO Workshop in October 2001. Data published in Development of Food and Nutrition Actions Plans in South East Europe. Report on a Second Workshop Sofia, 8-11 October 2001. Eur/01/5026015
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

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Niños, 2022-2024

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	7
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI): A brief review of results from round 6 of COSI (2022-2024). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Cutoffs:	WHO 2007

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Niños, 2021-2022

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Edad:	13
Referencias:	Rakic JG, Hamrik Z, Dzielska A, Felder-Puig R, Oja L, Bakalár P et al. A focus on adolescent physical activity, eating behaviours, weight status and body image in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 4. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. 'Any translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition'
Notas:	HBSC aims to survey approximately 1500 pupils per age group in each country or region (totaling around 4500)
Cutoffs:	+2SD

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Niños, 2018-2020

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	7
Tamaño de la muestra:	2082
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Report on the fifth round of data collection, 2018–2020: WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Cutoffs:	WHO 2007

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Niños, 2016

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	7
Tamaño de la muestra:	2343
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	COSI 2016. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/341189/WHO-EURO-2021-2495-42251-58349-eng.pdf (Accessed 20.07.21)
Cutoffs:	WHO

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Niños, 2012

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	13-14
Tamaño de la muestra:	1835
Zona abarcada:	Regional
Referencias:	Zivkovic V, Todorovska L, Velickovska LA et al. Relationships between overweight, obesity and physical fitness of thirteen and fourteen year old Macedonian adolescent. SportLogia 2014:10 (2);106-115
Notas:	Central & Eastern Macedonia Only
Cutoffs:	IOTF

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Niños, 2009-2013

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	6-7
Tamaño de la muestra:	4919
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Spinelli et al (2019). 'Childhood Severe Obesity in Europe', Obes Facts.12, pp. 244–258. (Data from COSI round 1-3)
Notas:	NOTE - this data is from COSI round II and III (2009 - 2013) IOTF cut-offs used.
Cutoffs:	IOTF

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Niños, 2007

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Edad:	13-15
Tamaño de la muestra:	2114
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Global School-based Student Health Survey, Fact Sheet available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/GSHS_FS_Macedonia_2007.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 25.11.20)
Cutoffs:	WHO

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0-5 years, 2018-2019

Edad:	0-5
Tamaño de la muestra:	1255
Referencias:	MICS: 2018-2019 North Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Survey Findings Report. Skopje, North Macedonia: State Statistical Office and UNICEF.
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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0-5 years, 2011

Edad:	0-5
Tamaño de la muestra:	1299
Referencias:	MICS: Multiple indicator cluster survey 2011 (MICS). Skopje, North Macedonia: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, 2012.
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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0-5 years, 2005

Edad:	0-5
Tamaño de la muestra:	4182
Referencias:	MICS: Republic of North Macedonia - multiple indicator cluster survey 2005-06. Final report. Skopje: State Statistical Office of the Republic of North Macedonia, 2007
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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0-5 years, 1999

Edad:	0-5
Referencias:	MICS: Multiple indicator cluster survey in North Macedonia with micronutrient component (MICS). National Institute of Nutrition, Rome, Italy, 2000
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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Sobrepeso/obesidad por edad y nivel de estudios

Hombres, 2017

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	2017 - Education EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20)
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

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Mujeres, 2017

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	2017 - Education EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20)
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

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Sobrepeso/obesidad según nivel de estudios

0-5 years, 2018-2019

Tamaño de la muestra:	1255
Referencias:	MICS: 2018-2019 North Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Survey Findings Report. Skopje, North Macedonia: State Statistical Office and UNICEF.
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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0-5 years, 2011

Tamaño de la muestra:	1299
Referencias:	MICS: Multiple indicator cluster survey 2011 (MICS). Skopje, North Macedonia: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, 2012.
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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Sobrepeso/obesidad por edad

Adultos, 2017

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Referencias:	2017 - EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20)
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

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Niños, 2021-2022

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Zona abarcada:	See Report
Referencias:	RakiÄ‡ JG, Hamrik Z, Dzielska A, Felder-Puig R, Oja L, Bakalár P et al. A focus on adolescent physical activity, eating behaviours, weight status and body image in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 4. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. 'Any translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition'
Notas:	HBSC aims to survey approximately 1500 pupils per age group in each country or region (totaling around 4500)
Cutoffs:	+2SD

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Sobrepeso/obesidad por región

0-5 years, 2018-2019

Tamaño de la muestra:	1255
Referencias:	MICS: 2018-2019 North Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Survey Findings Report. Skopje, North Macedonia: State Statistical Office and UNICEF.
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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0-5 years, 2011

Tamaño de la muestra:	1299
Referencias:	MICS: Multiple indicator cluster survey 2011 (MICS). Skopje, North Macedonia: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, 2012.
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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0-5 years, 2005

Tamaño de la muestra:	4182
Referencias:	MICS: Republic of North Macedonia - multiple indicator cluster survey 2005-06. Final report. Skopje: State Statistical Office of the Republic of North Macedonia, 2007
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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0-5 years, 1999

Referencias:	MICS: Multiple indicator cluster survey in North Macedonia with micronutrient component (MICS). National Institute of Nutrition, Rome, Italy, 2000
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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Sobrepeso/obesidad por nivel socioeconómico

Chicos, 2021-2022

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Edad:	11-15
Referencias:	Raki? JG, Hamrik Z, Dzielska A, Felder-Puig R, Oja L, Bakalár P et al. A focus on adolescent physical activity, eating behaviours, weight status and body image in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 4. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. 'Any translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition'
Notas:	Family affluence scaleHBSC aims to survey approximately 1500 pupils per age group in each country or region (totaling around 4500)
Cutoffs:	+2SD

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Chicas, 2021-2022

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Edad:	11-15
Referencias:	Raki? JG, Hamrik Z, Dzielska A, Felder-Puig R, Oja L, Bakalár P et al. A focus on adolescent physical activity, eating behaviours, weight status and body image in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 4. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. 'Any translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition'
Notas:	Family affluence scaleHBSC aims to survey approximately 1500 pupils per age group in each country or region (totaling around 4500)
Cutoffs:	+2SD

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0-5 years, 2018-2019

Tamaño de la muestra:	1255
Referencias:	MICS: 2018-2019 North Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Survey Findings Report. Skopje, North Macedonia: State Statistical Office and UNICEF.
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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0-5 years, 2011

Tamaño de la muestra:	1299
Referencias:	MICS: Multiple indicator cluster survey 2011 (MICS). Skopje, North Macedonia: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, 2012.
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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0-5 years, 2005

Tamaño de la muestra:	4182
Referencias:	MICS: Republic of North Macedonia - multiple indicator cluster survey 2005-06. Final report. Skopje: State Statistical Office of the Republic of North Macedonia, 2007
Notas:	UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	=>+2SD

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Double burden of underweight & overweight

Adultos, 2022

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	20+
Referencias:	NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; published online Feb 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2.
Notas:	Age Standardised estimates
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Combined prevalence of BMI<18.5 kg/m² and BMI>=30 kg/m² (double burden of underweight and obesity)

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Niños, 2022

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	5-19
Referencias:	NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; published online Feb 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2.
Notas:	Age standardised estimates
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Combined prevalence of BMI < -2SD and BMI > 2SD (double burden of thinness and obesity)
Cutoffs:	BMI < -2SD and BMI > 2SD

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0-5 years, 2018-2019

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	0-5
Referencias:	UNICEF data available at https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition/(last accessed 12.03.25)
Notas:	Children under 5 falling below -2 standard deviations from the median height for age and falling at or above +2 standard deviations from the median weight-for-height of the reference population

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Actividad física insuficiente

Adultos, 2022

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Edad:	18+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	WHO (2024). Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults aged 18-years age-standardized estimate in 2022. Available at https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-insufficient-physical-activity-among-adults-aged-18-years-(age-standardized-estimate)-(-)
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Percent of population attaining less than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, or less than 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week, or equivalent.

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Hombres, 2022

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Edad:	18+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	WHO (2024). Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults aged 18-years age-standardized estimate in 2022. Available at https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-insufficient-physical-activity-among-adults-aged-18-years-(age-standardized-estimate)-(-)
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Percent of population attaining less than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, or less than 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week, or equivalent.

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Mujeres, 2022

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Edad:	18+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	WHO (2024). Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults aged 18-years age-standardized estimate in 2022. Available at https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-insufficient-physical-activity-among-adults-aged-18-years-(age-standardized-estimate)-(-)
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Percent of population attaining less than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, or less than 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week, or equivalent.

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Chicos, 2022

Zona abarcada:	Naitonal
Referencias:	Rakić JG, Hamrik Z, Dzielska A, Felder-Puig R, Oja L, Bakalár P et al. A focus on adolescent physical activity, eating behaviours, weight status and body image in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 4. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (2023), Data browser (findings from the 2021/22 international HBSC survey): https://data-browser.hbsc.org.
Notas:	Young people were asked to report the number of days over the past week during which they were physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes. The question was introduced by text defining moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as any activity that increases the heart rate and makes the person get out of breath some of the time, with examples provided. Findings presented on the Observatory show the proportions who report less than 60 minutes of MVPA daily.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% reporting less than 60 minutes of MVPA daily

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Chicas, 2022

Zona abarcada:	Naitonal
Referencias:	Rakić JG, Hamrik Z, Dzielska A, Felder-Puig R, Oja L, Bakalár P et al. A focus on adolescent physical activity, eating behaviours, weight status and body image in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 4. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (2023), Data browser (findings from the 2021/22 international HBSC survey): https://data-browser.hbsc.org.
Notas:	Young people were asked to report the number of days over the past week during which they were physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes. The question was introduced by text defining moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as any activity that increases the heart rate and makes the person get out of breath some of the time, with examples provided. Findings presented on the Observatory show the proportions who report less than 60 minutes of MVPA daily.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% reporting less than 60 minutes of MVPA daily

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Niños, 2016

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Edad:	11-17
Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notas:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Chicos, 2016

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Edad:	11-17
Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notas:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Chicas, 2016

Tipo de encuesta:	Autodeclarado
Edad:	11-17
Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notas:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Niños, 2010

Edad:	11-17
Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Notas:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Chicos, 2010

Edad:	11-17
Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Notas:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Chicas, 2010

Edad:	11-17
Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Notas:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Prevalencia del consumo diario de refrescos carbonatados

Chicos, 2021-2022

Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (2023), Data browser (findings from the 2021/22 international HBSC survey): https://data-browser.hbsc.org.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Proportion who reported drinking sugary soft drinks daily (at least once)

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Chicas, 2021-2022

Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (2023), Data browser (findings from the 2021/22 international HBSC survey): https://data-browser.hbsc.org.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Proportion who reported drinking sugary soft drinks daily (at least once)

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Chicos, 2017-2018

Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (2020), Data browser (findings from the 2017/18 international HBSC survey): https://data-browser.hbsc.org.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Proportion who reported drinking sugary soft drinks daily (at least once)

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Chicas, 2017-2018

Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (2020), Data browser (findings from the 2017/18 international HBSC survey): https://data-browser.hbsc.org.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Proportion who reported drinking sugary soft drinks daily (at least once)

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Niños, 2014

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Referencias:	World Health Organization. (2017). Adolescent obesity and related behaviours: Trends and inequalities in the who european region, 2002-2014: observations from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) WHO collaborative cross-national study (J. Inchley, D. Currie, J. Jewel, J. Breda, & V. Barnekow, Eds.). World Health Organization. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org
Notas:	15-year-old adolescents
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Prevalence of at least daily carbonated soft drink consumption (% of at least daily carbonated soft drink consumption)

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Estimated per capita fruit intake

Adultos, 2017

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	25+
Referencias:	Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day)

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Prevalencia del consumo de fruta menos de una vez al día

Niños, 2010-2014

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Referencias:	Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption)

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Prevalencia del consumo de verdura menos de una vez al día

Niños, 2010-2014

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	12-17
Referencias:	Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption)

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Ingesta estimada de carne procesada per cápita

Adultos, 2017

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	25+
Referencias:	Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day)

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Estimated per capita whole grains intake

Adultos, 2017

Tipo de encuesta:	Medido
Edad:	25+
Referencias:	Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day)

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Salud mental: trastornos de depresión

Adultos, 2021

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years)

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Hombres, 2021

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years)

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Mujeres, 2021

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Number living with depression per 100,000 population (adults 20+ years)

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Adultos, 2015-2021

Referencias:	Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% of population with depression disorders

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Adultos, 2015-2021

Referencias:	Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% of population with depression disorders

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Hombres, 2015-2021

Referencias:	Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% of population with depression disorders

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Mujeres, 2015-2021

Referencias:	Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% of population with depression disorders

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Niños, 2021

Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age)

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Chicos, 2021

Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age)

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Chicas, 2021

Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Number living with depressive disorder per 100,000 population (Under 20 years of age)

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Salud mental: trastornos de ansiedad

Adultos, 2021

Edad:	20+
Referencias:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25).
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population

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Hombres, 2021

Edad:	20+
Referencias:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25).
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population

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Mujeres, 2021

Edad:	20+
Referencias:	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25).
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Number living with anxiety per 100,000 population

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Adultos, 2015-2021

Referencias:	Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% of population with anxiety disorders

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Adultos, 2015-2021

Referencias:	Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% of population with anxiety disorders

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Hombres, 2015-2021

Referencias:	Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% of population with anxiety disorders

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Mujeres, 2015-2021

Referencias:	Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% of population with anxiety disorders

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Niños, 2021

Referencias:

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Last accessed 23.04.25)

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Chicos, 2021

Referencias:

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Chicas, 2021

Referencias:

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% de los lactantes se alimentan exclusivamente de leche materna 0-5 meses

0-5 years, 1996-2023

Referencias:	2018-2019 North Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Survey Findings Report. Skopje, North Macedonia: State Statistical Office and UNICEF.
Notas:	Full details are available. Original citation United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2023). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, October 2023.

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Percent of population who cannot afford a healthy diet

Adultos, 2022

Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	The Food Systems Dashboard. The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), The Columbia Climate School, and Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. 2024. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36072/db.

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Cáncer de esófago

Hombres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Indicence per 100,000

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Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Indicence per 100,000

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Hombres, 2020-2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Mujeres, 2020-2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Cáncer de mama

Mujeres, 2022

Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

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Cáncer colorrectal

Hombres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

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Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

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Hombres, 2020-2022

Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Mujeres, 2020-2022

Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Cáncer de páncreas

Hombres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

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Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

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Hombres, 2020-2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Mujeres, 2020-2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Cáncer de la vesícula biliar

Hombres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Indicence per 100,000

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Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Indicence per 100,000

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Hombres, 2020-2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Mujeres, 2020-2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Cáncer de riñón

Hombres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

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Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

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Hombres, 2020-2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Mujeres, 2020-2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Cáncer de útero

Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

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Mujeres, 2020-2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Tensión arterial elevada

Adultos, 2015

Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

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Hombres, 2015

Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

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Mujeres, 2015

Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

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Colesterol elevado

Adultos, 2008

Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

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Hombres, 2008

Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

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Mujeres, 2008

Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

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Glucemia en ayunas elevada

Hombres, 2014

Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

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Mujeres, 2014

Referencias:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

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Prevalencia de la diabetes

Adultos, 2024

Referencias:

Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 11th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2025. http://www.diabetesatlas.org

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Adultos, 2021

Edad:	20-79
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, %

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Adultos, 2019

Edad:	20-79
Referencias:	Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

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Adultos, 2017

Referencias:	Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

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Ovarian Cancer

Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

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Leukemia

Hombres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

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Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

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Leukemia

Hombres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

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Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

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Liver and intrahepatic bile duct Cancer

Hombres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

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Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

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Multiple Myeloma

Hombres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Indicence per 100,000
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

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Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Indicence per 100,000
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

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Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hombres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

Descargar gráfico Añadir a PDF personalizado

Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000
A menos que se indique lo contrario, el sobrepeso se refiere a un IMC entre 25 kg y 29,9 kg/m² y la obesidad se refiere a un IMC superior a 30 kg/m²..

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Thyroid Cancer

Hombres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

Descargar gráfico Añadir a PDF personalizado

Mujeres, 2022

Edad:	20+
Zona abarcada:	Nacional
Referencias:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024).Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed [16.07.24]
Definiciones (solo disponible en inglés):	Incidence per 100,000

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Economic impact of overweight and obesity

Policies, Interventions and Actions

Commercial Determinants of Noncommunicable Diseases in the WHO European Region

This report highlights the substantial impact of commercial determinants on noncommunicable diseases (‎NCDs)‎ in the WHO European Region. Nearly 7500 deaths per day in the Region are attributed to commercial determinants, such as tobacco, alcohol,processed food, fossil fuels and occupational practices. These commercial products and practices contribute to 25% of all deaths in the Region. The report’s chapters systematically explore various facets of how commercial interests exacerbate NCDs and key strategies used by commercial actors to negatively influence NCD-related policies at the national and international level. The reportalso provides selected case studies from the Region to illustrate key strategies and outcomes of industry influence on health policies.The report then calls for urgent and coordinated action to address the commercial determinants of NCDs. It advocates for building coalitions based on the values of equity, sustainability, and resilience. Public health actors are urged to develop competencies in economic and legal frameworks, enforce transparency, and manage conflicts of interest effectively. The report underscores the need for robust financial reforms and strict regulation to curb industry power and protect public health. By implementing these strategies, the Region can accelerate progress towards global NCD targets and Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

Categories:	Evidence of Marketing Guidelines/Policy
Year(s):	2024 (ongoing)
Target age group:	Adultos y niños
Organisation:	World Health Organisation (WHO)
Linked document:	Download linked document
References:	World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. (‎2024)‎. Commercial Determinants of Noncommunicable Diseases in the WHO European Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/376957. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO

Nutrition, physical activity and obesity in North Macedonia: from data policy to policy action

WHO Europe document includes data on the current situation regarding overweight and obesity in North Macedonia, implemented policy actions to revert the trend and possibility for future actions.

Categories (partial):	Evidence of Physical Activity Guidelines/Policy Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):	2024 (ongoing)
Target age group:	Adultos y niños
Organisation:	World Health Organisation
Find out more:	iris.who.int
Linked document:	Download linked document
References:	Citation World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. (‎2024)‎. Nutrition, physical activity and obesity in North Macedonia: from data to policy action. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/379494. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO

Mandatory limit on trans fatty acids

Mandatory national limit of iTFA <2 g/100 g total oils and fats in all foods.

Categories:	Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):	2023 (ongoing)
Target age group:	Adultos y niños
Organisation:	Ministry of Health
Find out more:	www.slvesnik.com.mk

Subsidised Student Meals

February, 2020, a Law on Subsidized Student Meal was adopted by the Macedonian Assembly. The purpose of the Law is to improve the student standard and quality of student services through state subvention of 120 MKD (2 EUR per day) for healthy meal or 2,400 MKD (approximately 40 EUR) monthly for all full-time students studying at public and private universities

Year(s):	2020 (ongoing)
Organisation:	The Government of the Republic of Macedonia
Linked document:	Download linked document

European practical and patient-centred guidelines for adult obesity management in primary care

This article aims to provide obesity management guidelines specifically tailored to GPs, favouring a practical patient-centred approach. The focus is on GP communication and motivational interviewing as well as on therapeutic patient education. The new guidelines highlight the importance of avoiding stigmatization, something frequently seen in different health care settings. In addition, managing the psychological aspects of the disease, such as improving self-esteem, body image and quality of life must not be neglected.

Categories:	Evidence of Management/treatment guidelines
Year(s):	2019 (ongoing)
Linked document:	Download linked document
References:	Dominique Durrer Schutz, Luca Busetto, Dror Dicker, Nathalie Farpour-Lambert, Rachel Pryke, Hermann Toplak, Daniel Widmer, Volkan Yumuk, Yves Schutz; European Practical and Patient-Centred Guidelines for Adult Obesity Management in Primary Care. Obes Facts 15 March 2019; 12 (1): 40–66. https://doi.org/10.1159/000496183

Better nutrition for children in kindergartens and schools for quality early child growth and development

Press release presenting Ministry of Health legistlative changes to protect children and provide heathier foods in kindergarten

Categories:	Taxation/Subsidies on Food or Beverages or law relating to public health
Year(s):	2018 (ongoing)
Target age group:	Niños
Linked document:	Download linked document

Food-based dietary guidelines - The Republic of North Macedonia

The Macedonian dietary guidelines are developed by the Institute of Public Health. They are endorsed by the Ministry of Health. (Available only in Macedonian language)

Categories:	Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):	2014 (ongoing)
Target age group:	Adultos y niños
Organisation:	Ministry of Health
Linked document:	Download linked document
References:	https://www.fao.org/nutrition/education/food-dietary-guidelines/regions/countries/the-former-yugoslav-republic-of-macedonia/en/ (last accessed 21.07.22)

Health is a Choice! Healthy Food and Healthy Lifestyle for a Long Life!

This is a government campaign to raise awareness about the importance of eating healthy food, leading a healthy lifestyle and exercising. The campaign includes TV and radio commercials, media advertisements and billboards.

Categories (partial):	Evidence of Community Interventions/Campaign
Year(s):	2014-2015
Target age group:	Adultos y niños
Organisation:	Government of the Republic of Macedonia
Find out more:	vlada.mk

National mandatory standards for food available in school

National mandatory standards for food available in schools adopted by the Minister of Labor and Social Policy from January 2014. (Available only in Macedonian language)

Categories:	Evidence of School Food Regulations
Year(s):	2014 (ongoing)
Target age group:	Niños
Organisation:	Minister of Labor and Social Policy
Linked document:	Download linked document
References:	Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/node/25718 (last accessed 20.07.22) Please note the GINA website has been replaced by the GIFNA database and the GINA link will no longer work. You will find this document by searching this new database: https://gifna.who.int/

Committee on environment and health

National Multisectoral stakeholder mechanism in place (such as Coalition, Taskforce, Committee) for Obesity or Nutrition (including obesity)

Categories:	Evidence of a multi-sectoral national coordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)
Year(s):	2013 (ongoing)
Target age group:	Adultos y niños
Organisation:	Prime Minister
Linked document:	Download linked document

The Macedonian National Nutrition Action Plan (2009-2014)

The Macedonian National Nutrition Action Plan (2009-2014) includes education in pre-school and school programmes, with guides and training provided for staff

Categories:	Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):	2009-2014
Target age group:	Adultos y niños
Organisation:	The Government of the Republic of Macedonia
References:	Currently a web link to this intervention is unavailable. If you are aware of the location of this document/intervention, please contact us at obesity@worldobesity.org

National regulation with maximum thresholds for manufactured food/drink content

National regulation with maximum thresholds for manufactured food/drink content relating to specific unhealthy ingredients adopted by the Government of Macedonia from September 1999. (Available only in Macedonian language)

Categories:	Evidence of Marketing Guidelines/Policy
Year(s):	1999 (ongoing)
Target age group:	Adultos y niños
Organisation:	Government of Macedonia
Linked document:	Download linked document
References:	Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/node/25883 (last accessed 20.07.22) Please note the GINA website has been replaced by the GIFNA database and the GINA link will no longer work. You will find this document by searching this new database: https://gifna.who.int/

GNPR 2016-17 (q7) Breastfeeeding promotion and/or counselling

WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2016-2017 reported the evidence of breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling (q7)

Categories:	Evidence of Breastfeeding promotion or related activity
Target age group:	Adultos
Organisation:	Ministry of Health (information provided by the GINA progam)
Find out more:	extranet.who.int
References:	Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en Please note the GINA website has been replaced by the GIFNA database and the GINA link will no longer work. You will find this document by searching this new database: https://gifna.who.int/

No actions could be found for the above criteria.

Contextual factors

Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.

Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.

Labelling

Is there mandatory nutrition labelling?	Present
Front-of-package labelling?	Absent
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration?	Present
Color coding?	Absent
Warning label?	Absent

Regulation and marketing

Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products?	Absent
Tax on unhealthy foods?	Absent
Tax on unhealthy drinks?	Absent

Are there fiscal policies on healthy products?	Absent
Subsidy on fruits?	Absent
Subsidy on vegetables?	Absent
Subsidy on other healthy products?	Absent

Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)?	Present
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)?	Present
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)?	Absent

Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?	Absent
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media?	Absent
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media?	Absent
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?	Absent

Are there mandatory standards for food in schools?	Present

Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products?	Present

Nutrition standards for public sector procurement?	Absent

Political will and support

National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy?	Absent
National obesity strategy?	Absent
National childhood obesity strategy?	Absent
Comprehensive nutrition strategy?	Absent
Comprehensive physical activity strategy?	Absent

Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs?	Present

National target(s) on reducing obesity?	Absent

Promotion of breastfeeding?	Present

Monitoring and surveillance

Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors?	Present
Within 5 years?	Present

Governance and resource

Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)?	Present

Key

Present

Present (voluntary)

Incoming

Absent

Unknown

Last updated July 1, 2025

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