Marshallöarna
- Översikt
- Förekomst av fetma
- Befolkningsfördelningar
- Drivande faktorer
- Komorbiditeter
- Policyer (endast tillgängliga på engelska)
- Contextual factors
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Nationell fetmarisk *8/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Risk vid fetma hos barn *8/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Förekomst av fetma
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Drivande faktorer
Komorbiditeter
Policyer (endast tillgängliga på engelska)
Contextual factors
Förekomst av fetma
Vuxna, 2017-2018
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Ålder: | 18+ |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 2869 |
| Område som omfattas: | Regional |
| Referenser: | Republic of Marshall Islands' 2017-2018 Hybrid STEPS Survey. https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/742 (Accessed 06.10.20) |
| Anteckningar: | Although all islands were not surveyed, the islands included make up 83% of the overall population of the Republic of Marshall Islands. Despite this, sample size was exceptionally large and included approximately 10% of all adults residing in the Republic of Marshall Islands. |
| Om inte annat anges avser övervikt ett BMI mellan 25 kg och 29,9 kg/m², fetma avser ett BMI högre än 30 kg/m². | |
Kvinnor, 2016-2017
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Ålder: | 15-49 |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 673 |
| Område som omfattas: | Nationell |
| Referenser: | Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistics Office and UNICEF. 2017. Republic of the Marshall Islands Integrated Child Health and Nutrition Survey 2017, Final Report. Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands: Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistics Office |
| Anteckningar: | Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59. |
| Om inte annat anges avser övervikt ett BMI mellan 25 kg och 29,9 kg/m², fetma avser ett BMI högre än 30 kg/m². | |
Vuxna, 2002
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Ålder: | 15-64 |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 1187 |
| Område som omfattas: | Nationell |
| Referenser: | REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS, NCD Risk Factors STEPS Report 2002 (2007) available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2002_Marshall_Islands_STEPS-Report.pdf (last accessed 19.10.20) |
| Om inte annat anges avser övervikt ett BMI mellan 25 kg och 29,9 kg/m², fetma avser ett BMI högre än 30 kg/m². | |
Barn, 2020
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Ålder: | 15-16 |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 1172 |
| Område som omfattas: | Nationell |
| Referenser: | Marshall Islands Rapid Youth Survey 2020. https://www.pihoa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/RMI-Rapid-Youth-Survey-2020-Final_05_21_21.pdf (Accessed 10.01.2023) |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | BMI percentiles were used to determine BMI categories for those students under 17 years old |
Barn, 2017-2018
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Ålder: | 4-16 |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 3271 |
| Område som omfattas: | Regional |
| Referenser: | Passmore, E. and Smith, T., 2019. Dual Burden of Stunting and Obesity Among Elementary School Children on Majuro, Republic of Marshall Islands. Hawai'i Journal of Health & Social Welfare, 78(8), p.262. |
| Anteckningar: | Region: Majuro |
| Cutoffs: | CDC |
Infants, 2017
| Ålder: | 0-5 |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 873 |
| Referenser: | MICS-Style: Republic of the Marshall Islands Integrated Child Health and Nutrition Survey 2017, Final Report. Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands: RMI Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistic Office, 2017 |
| Anteckningar: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | =>+2SD |
Övervikt/fetma efter ålder och utbildning
Vuxna, 2017-2018
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Ålder: | 18+ |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 2869 |
| Område som omfattas: | Regional |
| Referenser: | Republic of Marshall Islands' 2017-2018 STEPS Hybrid Survey. https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/742 (Accessed 06.10.20) |
| Anteckningar: | Although all islands were not surveyed, the islands included make up 83% of the overall population of the Republic of Marshall Islands. Despite this, sample size was exceptionally large and included approximately 10% of all adults residing in the Republic of Marshall Islands. |
| Om inte annat anges avser övervikt ett BMI mellan 25 kg och 29,9 kg/m², fetma avser ett BMI högre än 30 kg/m². | |
Kvinnor, 2016-2017
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Ålder: | 15-49 |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 673 |
| Område som omfattas: | Nationell |
| Referenser: | Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistics Office and UNICEF. 2017. Republic of the Marshall Islands Integrated Child Health and Nutrition Survey 2017, Final Report. Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands: Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistics Office |
| Anteckningar: | Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59. |
| Om inte annat anges avser övervikt ett BMI mellan 25 kg och 29,9 kg/m², fetma avser ett BMI högre än 30 kg/m². | |
Infants, 2017
| Urvalsstorlek: | 873 |
| Referenser: | MICS-Style: Republic of the Marshall Islands Integrated Child Health and Nutrition Survey 2017, Final Report. Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands: RMI Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistic Office, 2017 |
| Anteckningar: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | =>+2SD |
Övervikt/fetma efter ålder
Vuxna, 2017-2018
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 2869 |
| Område som omfattas: | Regional |
| Referenser: | Republic of Marshall Islands' 2017-2018 Hybrid Survey. https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/742 (Accessed 06.10.20) |
| Anteckningar: | Although all islands were not surveyed, the islands included make up 83% of the overall population of the Republic of Marshall Islands. Despite this, sample size was exceptionally large and included approximately 10% of all adults residing in the Republic of Marshall Islands. |
| Om inte annat anges avser övervikt ett BMI mellan 25 kg och 29,9 kg/m², fetma avser ett BMI högre än 30 kg/m². | |
Kvinnor, 2016-2017
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 673 |
| Område som omfattas: | Nationell |
| Referenser: | Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistics Office and UNICEF. 2017. Republic of the Marshall Islands Integrated Child Health and Nutrition Survey 2017, Final Report. Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands: Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistics Office |
| Anteckningar: | Demographic Health Survey - Mothers or female caregivers |
| Om inte annat anges avser övervikt ett BMI mellan 25 kg och 29,9 kg/m², fetma avser ett BMI högre än 30 kg/m². | |
Vuxna, 2002
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 1187 |
| Område som omfattas: | Nationell |
| Referenser: | REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS, NCD Risk Factors STEPS Report 2002 (2007) available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2002_Marshall_Islands_STEPS-Report.pdf (last accessed 19.10.20) |
| Om inte annat anges avser övervikt ett BMI mellan 25 kg och 29,9 kg/m², fetma avser ett BMI högre än 30 kg/m². | |
Barn, 2017-2018
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 3271 |
| Område som omfattas: | Subnationell |
| Referenser: | Passmore, E. and Smith, T., 2019. Dual Burden of Stunting and Obesity Among Elementary School Children on Majuro, Republic of Marshall Islands. Hawai'i Journal of Health & Social Welfare, 78(8), p.262. |
| Anteckningar: | CDC Cut-offs |
| Cutoffs: | CDC |
Övervikt/fetma efter ålder och region
Kvinnor, 2016-2017
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Ålder: | 15-49 |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 673 |
| Område som omfattas: | Nationell |
| Referenser: | Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistics Office and UNICEF. 2017. Republic of the Marshall Islands Integrated Child Health and Nutrition Survey 2017, Final Report. Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands: Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistics Office |
| Anteckningar: | Demographic Health Survey - Mothers or female caregivers |
| Om inte annat anges avser övervikt ett BMI mellan 25 kg och 29,9 kg/m², fetma avser ett BMI högre än 30 kg/m². | |
Kvinnor, 2016-2017
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Ålder: | 15-49 |
| Urvalsstorlek: | 673 |
| Område som omfattas: | Nationell |
| Referenser: | Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistics Office and UNICEF. 2017. Republic of the Marshall Islands Integrated Child Health and Nutrition Survey 2017, Final Report. Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands: Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistics Office |
| Anteckningar: | Demographic Health Survey - Mothers or female caregivers |
| Om inte annat anges avser övervikt ett BMI mellan 25 kg och 29,9 kg/m², fetma avser ett BMI högre än 30 kg/m². | |
Infants, 2017
| Urvalsstorlek: | 873 |
| Referenser: | MICS-Style: Republic of the Marshall Islands Integrated Child Health and Nutrition Survey 2017, Final Report. Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands: RMI Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistic Office, 2017 |
| Anteckningar: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | =>+2SD |
Övervikt/fetma efter ålder och socioekonomisk grupp
Infants, 2017
| Urvalsstorlek: | 873 |
| Referenser: | MICS-Style: Republic of the Marshall Islands Integrated Child Health and Nutrition Survey 2017, Final Report. Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands: RMI Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistic Office, 2017 |
| Anteckningar: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | =>+2SD |
Otillräcklig fysisk aktivitet
Vuxna, 2016
| Referenser: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Män, 2016
| Referenser: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Kvinnor, 2016
| Referenser: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Vuxna, 2017
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Ålder: | 25+ |
| Referenser: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day) |
Uppskattat intag av kött per capita
Vuxna, 2017
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Ålder: | 25+ |
| Referenser: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day) |
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Vuxna, 2017
| Undersökningstyp: | Uppmätt |
| Ålder: | 25+ |
| Referenser: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day) |
% Spädbarn som uteslutande ammas 0-5 månader
Barn, 2004-2020
| Område som omfattas: | Nationell |
| Referenser: | Republic of the Marshall Islands Integrated Child Health and Nutrition Survey 2017, Final Report. Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands: RMI Ministry of Health and Human Services, RMI Economic, Policy Planning and Statistic Office, 2017 |
| Anteckningar: | See UNICEF website for further survey information. Available at : https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/infant-young-child-feeding/ (last accessed 28.9.21) Citation: United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2021). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, September 2021. |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | % exclusively breastfed 0-5 months |
Förhöjt blodtryck
Vuxna, 2015
| Referenser: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Män, 2015
| Referenser: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Kvinnor, 2015
| Referenser: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Förhöjt kolesterol
Vuxna, 2008
| Referenser: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Män, 2008
| Referenser: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Kvinnor, 2008
| Referenser: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Förhöjt fastande blodglukos
Män, 2014
| Referenser: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Kvinnor, 2014
| Referenser: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Förekomst av diabetes
Vuxna, 2021
| Ålder: | 20-79 |
| Område som omfattas: | Nationell |
| Referenser: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % |
Vuxna, 2019
| Ålder: | 20-79 |
| Referenser: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Vuxna, 2017
| Referenser: | Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Definitioner (endast tillgängliga på engelska): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Policies, Interventions and Actions
Contextual factors
Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.
Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.
Labelling
| Is there mandatory nutrition labelling? | Absent |
| Front-of-package labelling? | Absent |
| Back-of-pack nutrition declaration? | Absent |
| Color coding? | Absent |
| Warning label? | Absent |
Regulation and marketing
| Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products? | Absent |
| Tax on unhealthy foods? | Absent |
| Tax on unhealthy drinks? | Absent |
| Are there fiscal policies on healthy products? | Absent |
| Subsidy on fruits? | Absent |
| Subsidy on vegetables? | Absent |
| Subsidy on other healthy products? | Absent |
| Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)? | Absent |
| Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? | Absent |
| Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? | Absent |
| Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
| Mandatory restriction on broadcast media? | Absent |
| Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media? | Absent |
| Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
| Are there mandatory standards for food in schools? | Absent |
| Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products? | Absent |
| Nutrition standards for public sector procurement? | Absent |
Political will and support
| National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy? | Absent |
| National obesity strategy? | Absent |
| National childhood obesity strategy? | Absent |
| Comprehensive nutrition strategy? | Absent |
| Comprehensive physical activity strategy? | Absent |
| Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs? | Absent |
| National target(s) on reducing obesity? | Absent |
| Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment? | Absent |
| Promotion of breastfeeding? | Present |
Monitoring and surveillance
| Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors? | Present |
| Within 5 years? | Present |
Governance and resource
| Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)? | Absent |
Key
Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown
Last updated September 13, 2022
Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions
