• Przegląd
  • Występowanie otyłości
  • Trendy na przestrzeni czasu
  • Podziały ludności
  • Czynniki sprzyjające otyłości
  • Choroby współistniejące
  • Oddziaływanie ekonomiczne
  • Polityka
  • Contextual factors
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Występowanie otyłości

Dorośli, 2017

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Wiek:18-69
Liczebność próby:3858
Objęty obszar:Krajowe
Bibliografia:Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20)
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi się do BMI między 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², otyłość odnosi się do BMI powyżej 30 kg/m².

Dorośli, 2012

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Wiek:25-64
Liczebność próby:2599
Objęty obszar:Krajowe
Bibliografia:STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020)
Uwagi:STEPS
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi się do BMI między 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², otyłość odnosi się do BMI powyżej 30 kg/m².

Dorośli, 2004

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Wiek:15-64
Liczebność próby:958
Objęty obszar:Krajowe
Bibliografia:Tonga STEPS Survey 2004
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi się do BMI między 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², otyłość odnosi się do BMI powyżej 30 kg/m².

Dorośli, 1998-2000

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Wiek:15-85
Liczebność próby:1024
Objęty obszar:Krajowe
Bibliografia:Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383.
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi się do BMI między 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², otyłość odnosi się do BMI powyżej 30 kg/m².

Dzieci, 2019

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Wiek:0-5
Liczebność próby:1271
Objęty obszar:Krajowe
Bibliografia:Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department
Uwagi:Infants.
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD-+3SD. Obesity = >+3SD
Cutoffs:Other

Dzieci, 2017

Typ ankiety:Dane deklarowane
Wiek:13-17
Liczebność próby:3333
Objęty obszar:Krajowe
Bibliografia:Tonga - Global School-Based Student Health Survey 2017 https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/tonga/en/ (Last accessed 20.10.20)
Cutoffs:WHO

Dzieci, 2010

Typ ankiety:Dane deklarowane
Wiek:13-15
Liczebność próby:2111
Objęty obszar:Krajowe
Bibliografia:Global School Health Student Survey Factsheet Tonga, available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2010_GSHS_FS_Tonga.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 14.12.20)
Cutoffs:WHO

Dzieci, 2002-2003

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Wiek:5-11
Liczebność próby:895
Bibliografia:Shoko Fukuyama a;  Tsukasa Inaoka b;  Yasuhiro Matsumura c;  Taro Yamauchi a;  Kazumi Natsuhara d;  Ryosuke kimura e; Ryutaro Ohtsuka f. Anthropometry of 5-19-year-old Tongan children with special interest in the high prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls. Annals of Human Biology, Volume 32, Issue 6 November 2005 , pages 714 - 723
Uwagi:IOTF Cut off. Reference: Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3
Cutoffs:IOTF

Nadwaga/otyłość według wieku

Dorośli, 2012

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Liczebność próby:2599
Objęty obszar:Krajowe
Bibliografia:STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020)
Uwagi:STEPS
O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, nadwaga odnosi się do BMI między 25 kg a 29,9 kg/m², otyłość odnosi się do BMI powyżej 30 kg/m².

Niewystarczająca aktywność fizyczna

Dorośli, 2016

Bibliografia:Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7

Mężczyźni, 2016

Bibliografia:Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7

Kobiety, 2016

Bibliografia:Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7

Dzieci, 2016

Typ ankiety:Dane deklarowane
Wiek:11-17
Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Uwagi:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Chłopcy, 2016

Typ ankiety:Dane deklarowane
Wiek:11-17
Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Uwagi:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Dziewczęta, 2016

Typ ankiety:Dane deklarowane
Wiek:11-17
Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Uwagi:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Dzieci, 2010

Wiek:11-17
Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Uwagi:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Chłopcy, 2010

Wiek:11-17
Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Uwagi:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Dziewczęta, 2010

Wiek:11-17
Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Uwagi:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Średnia dzienna częstotliwość spożycia gazowanych napojów bezalkoholowych

Dzieci, 2010-2015

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Wiek:12-17
Bibliografia:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system

Estimated per capita fruit intake

Dorośli, 2017

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Wiek:25+
Bibliografia:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day)

Liczba osób spożywających owoce rzadziej niż raz dziennie

Dzieci, 2010-2015

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Wiek:12-17
Bibliografia:Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption)

Liczba osób spożywających warzywa rzadziej niż raz dziennie

Dzieci, 2010-2015

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Wiek:12-17
Bibliografia:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption)

Średnia tygodniowa częstotliwość spożywania fast foodów

Dzieci, 2010-2015

Wiek:12-17
Bibliografia:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system

Szacunkowe spożycie przetworzonego mięsa na mieszkańca

Dorośli, 2017

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Wiek:25+
Bibliografia:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day)

Estimated per capita whole grains intake

Dorośli, 2017

Typ ankiety:Dane obserwowane
Wiek:25+
Bibliografia:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day)

Zdrowie psychiczne – zaburzenia depresyjne

Dorośli, 2015

Bibliografia:Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):% of population with depression disorders

Zdrowie psychiczne – zaburzenia lękowe

Dorośli, 2015

Bibliografia:Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):% of population with anxiety disorders

Udział procentowy niemowląt karmionych wyłącznie piersią, 0–5 miesięcy

Dzieci, 2004-2020

Objęty obszar:Krajowe
Bibliografia:Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department
Uwagi:See UNICEF website for further survey information. Available at : https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/infant-young-child-feeding/ (last accessed 28.9.21) Citation: United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2021). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, September 2021.
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):% exclusively breastfed 0-5 months

Podwyższone ciśnienie tętnicze

Dorośli, 2015

Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

Mężczyźni, 2015

Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

Kobiety, 2015

Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

Podwyższony poziom cholesterolu

Dorośli, 2008

Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

Mężczyźni, 2008

Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

Kobiety, 2008

Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

Podwyższony poziom glukozy we krwi na czczo

Mężczyźni, 2014

Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

Kobiety, 2014

Bibliografia:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

Występowanie cukrzycy

Dorośli, 2021

Wiek:20-79
Objęty obszar:Krajowe
Bibliografia:Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation.  IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, %

Dorośli, 2019

Wiek:20-79
Bibliografia:Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

Dorośli, 2017

Bibliografia:Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definicje (dostępne tylko w języku angielskim):Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

Economic impact of overweight and obesity

Country comparisons

You can choose to compare this country’s data with the data for up to four other countries.

Policies, Interventions and Actions

National Strategy for prevention and control of non communicable diseases 2015-2020

Year(s):2015-2020
Target age group:Dorośli i dzieci
Organisation:Ministry of Health Tonga, Tonga Health
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Tonga Health Promotion Foundation (TongaHealth). Hala Fononga Path to Good Health Ki Ha Tonga Mo'ui Lelei: National strategy for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 2015–2020. (Kingdom of Tonga, Australian Aid, World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, Tonga Health eds.).Tonga: National Non-Communicable Diseases Committee; 2016.

Public health evidence related to obesity in Tonga - a literature review

Categories:Health Effectiveness Reviews (obesity related)
Year(s):2015 (ongoing)
Target age group:Dorośli i dzieci
Organisation:Ministy of Health Tonga & Tonga Health
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Michelle Kermode, Gregory Armstrong, Sara Gloede, Seini Filai, Reynold Ofanoa, Sione Hufunga, Ofa Tukia. Public health evidence related to obesity in Tonga- Literature Review. Ministry of Health 2015

Tonga National Healthy Eating Advisory Committee

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):2015 (ongoing)
Target age group:Dorośli i dzieci
Find out more:www.tongahealth.org
References:https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/mechanisms/1562

Tax on sugary drinks

Soft drinks containing sugar or sweeteners are taxed at T$0.5 per litre, this increased to T$1.5 by 2017.

Categories:Taxation/Subsidies on Food or Beverages or law relating to public health
Year(s):2013 (ongoing)
Target age group:Dorośli i dzieci
Organisation:Government of Tonga
Find out more:ago.gov.to
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Information provided with kind permission of the World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) NOURISHING Framework. http://www.wcrf.org/int/policy/nourishing-framework

GNPR 2016-17 (q7) Breastfeeeding promotion and/or counselling

WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2016-2017 reported the evidence of breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling (q7)

Categories:Evidence of Breastfeeding promotion or related activity
Target age group:Dorośli
Organisation:Ministry of Health (information provided by the GINA progam)
Find out more:extranet.who.int
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en

Obesity, Healthy Eating and Physical Activity trends in Tonga and the implications for the prevention and control of NCDs

The report recommends priority groups and behaviours to maximise the health impact of new NCD Strategy

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Evidence of Physical Activity Guidelines/Policy
Evidence of NCD strategy
Categories (partial):Evidence of National Obesity Strategy/Policy or Action plan
Target age group:Dorośli i dzieci
Organisation:Ministy of Health Tonga & Tonga Health
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Obesity, healthy eating and physical activity health trends in Tonga and the implications for the prevention and control of NCDs. Dr Toakase Fakakovikaetau, Saia Faletau, Seini Filiai, Sara Gloede,Sione Hufanga, Dr Veisinia Matoto, Elisiva Naati, Dr Reynold 'Ofanoa, Dr Taniela Palu, Dr 'Ofa Tukia. Published by Ministry of Health Tonga & Tonga Health

No actions could be found for the above criteria.

Contextual factors

Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.

Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.

Labelling

Is there mandatory nutrition labelling?Absent
Front-of-package labelling?Absent
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration?Absent
Color coding?Absent
Warning label?Absent

Regulation and marketing

Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products?Present
Tax on unhealthy foods?Absent
Tax on unhealthy drinks?Present
Are there fiscal policies on healthy products?Absent
Subsidy on fruits?Absent
Subsidy on vegetables?Absent
Subsidy on other healthy products?Absent
Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)?Absent
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? Absent
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? Absent
Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?Absent
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media?Absent
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media?Absent
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?Absent
Are there mandatory standards for food in schools?Absent
Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products?Absent
Nutrition standards for public sector procurement?Absent

Political will and support

National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy?Absent
National obesity strategy?Absent
National childhood obesity strategy?Absent
Comprehensive nutrition strategy?Absent
Comprehensive physical activity strategy?Absent
Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs?Absent
National target(s) on reducing obesity?Absent
Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment?Absent
Promotion of breastfeeding?Present

Monitoring and surveillance

Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors?Present
Within 5 years?Present

Governance and resource

Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)?Present

Key

Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown

Last updated September 13, 2022

See more policies here

Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions

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