• Overzicht
  • Obesitasprevalentie
  • Trends na verloop van tijd
  • Verdeling van de bevolking
  • Chauffeurs
  • Comorbiditeiten
  • Economische effecten
  • Beleid (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels)
  • Contextual factors
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Obesitasprevalentie

Volwassenen, 2017

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Leeftijd:18-69
Monstergrootte:3858
In aanmerking komend gebied:Nationaal
Referenties:Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20)
Tenzij anders vermeld, verwijst overgewicht naar een BMI tussen 25 kg en 29,9 kg/m², obesitas verwijst naar een BMI van meer dan 30 kg/m².

Volwassenen, 2012

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Leeftijd:25-64
Monstergrootte:2599
In aanmerking komend gebied:Nationaal
Referenties:STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020)
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):STEPS
Tenzij anders vermeld, verwijst overgewicht naar een BMI tussen 25 kg en 29,9 kg/m², obesitas verwijst naar een BMI van meer dan 30 kg/m².

Volwassenen, 2004

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Leeftijd:15-64
Monstergrootte:958
In aanmerking komend gebied:Nationaal
Referenties:Tonga STEPS Survey 2004
Tenzij anders vermeld, verwijst overgewicht naar een BMI tussen 25 kg en 29,9 kg/m², obesitas verwijst naar een BMI van meer dan 30 kg/m².

Volwassenen, 1998-2000

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Leeftijd:15-85
Monstergrootte:1024
In aanmerking komend gebied:Nationaal
Referenties:Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383.
Tenzij anders vermeld, verwijst overgewicht naar een BMI tussen 25 kg en 29,9 kg/m², obesitas verwijst naar een BMI van meer dan 30 kg/m².

Kinderen, 2019

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Leeftijd:0-5
Monstergrootte:1271
In aanmerking komend gebied:Nationaal
Referenties:Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Infants.
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD-+3SD. Obesity = >+3SD
Cutoffs:Other

Kinderen, 2017

Type onderzoek:Zelfgerapporteerd
Leeftijd:13-17
Monstergrootte:3333
In aanmerking komend gebied:Nationaal
Referenties:Tonga - Global School-Based Student Health Survey 2017 https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/tonga/en/ (Last accessed 20.10.20)
Cutoffs:WHO

Kinderen, 2010

Type onderzoek:Zelfgerapporteerd
Leeftijd:13-15
Monstergrootte:2111
In aanmerking komend gebied:Nationaal
Referenties:Global School Health Student Survey Factsheet Tonga, available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2010_GSHS_FS_Tonga.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 14.12.20)
Cutoffs:WHO

Kinderen, 2002-2003

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Leeftijd:5-11
Monstergrootte:895
Referenties:Shoko Fukuyama a;  Tsukasa Inaoka b;  Yasuhiro Matsumura c;  Taro Yamauchi a;  Kazumi Natsuhara d;  Ryosuke kimura e; Ryutaro Ohtsuka f. Anthropometry of 5-19-year-old Tongan children with special interest in the high prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls. Annals of Human Biology, Volume 32, Issue 6 November 2005 , pages 714 - 723
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):IOTF Cut off. Reference: Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3
Cutoffs:IOTF

Overgewicht / obesitas, naar leeftijd

Volwassenen, 2012

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Monstergrootte:2599
In aanmerking komend gebied:Nationaal
Referenties:STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020)
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):STEPS
Tenzij anders vermeld, verwijst overgewicht naar een BMI tussen 25 kg en 29,9 kg/m², obesitas verwijst naar een BMI van meer dan 30 kg/m².

Onvoldoende lichaamsbeweging

Volwassenen, 2016

Referenties:Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7

Mannen, 2016

Referenties:Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7

Vrouwen, 2016

Referenties:Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7

Kinderen, 2016

Type onderzoek:Zelfgerapporteerd
Leeftijd:11-17
Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Jongens, 2016

Type onderzoek:Zelfgerapporteerd
Leeftijd:11-17
Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Meisjes, 2016

Type onderzoek:Zelfgerapporteerd
Leeftijd:11-17
Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Kinderen, 2010

Leeftijd:11-17
Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Jongens, 2010

Leeftijd:11-17
Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Meisjes, 2010

Leeftijd:11-17
Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Gemiddelde dagelijkse consumptie van koolzuurhoudende frisdranken

Kinderen, 2010-2015

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Leeftijd:12-17
Referenties:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system

Estimated per capita fruit intake

Volwassenen, 2017

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Leeftijd:25+
Referenties:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day)

Prevalentie van minder dan dagelijkse fruitconsumptie

Kinderen, 2010-2015

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Leeftijd:12-17
Referenties:Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption)

Prevalentie van minder dan dagelijkse groenteconsumptie

Kinderen, 2010-2015

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Leeftijd:12-17
Referenties:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption)

Gemiddelde wekelijkse consumptie van fastfood

Kinderen, 2010-2015

Leeftijd:12-17
Referenties:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system

Geschatte consumptie van verwerkt vlees per capita

Volwassenen, 2017

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Leeftijd:25+
Referenties:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day)

Estimated per capita whole grains intake

Volwassenen, 2017

Type onderzoek:Gemeten
Leeftijd:25+
Referenties:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day)

Geestelijke gezondheid - depressiestoornissen

Volwassenen, 2015

Referenties:Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% of population with depression disorders

Geestelijke gezondheid - angststoornissen

Volwassenen, 2015

Referenties:Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% of population with anxiety disorders

% Zuigelingen die uitsluitend borstvoeding krijgen 0-5 maanden

Kinderen, 2004-2020

In aanmerking komend gebied:Nationaal
Referenties:Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):See UNICEF website for further survey information. Available at : https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/infant-young-child-feeding/ (last accessed 28.9.21) Citation: United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2021). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, September 2021.
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% exclusively breastfed 0-5 months

Verhoogde bloeddruk

Volwassenen, 2015

Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

Mannen, 2015

Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

Vrouwen, 2015

Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

Verhoogd cholesterol

Volwassenen, 2008

Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

Mannen, 2008

Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

Vrouwen, 2008

Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

Verhoogde nuchtere bloedglucose

Mannen, 2014

Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

Vrouwen, 2014

Referenties:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

Diabetesprevalentie

Volwassenen, 2021

Leeftijd:20-79
In aanmerking komend gebied:Nationaal
Referenties:Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation.  IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, %

Volwassenen, 2019

Leeftijd:20-79
Referenties:Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

Volwassenen, 2017

Referenties:Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels):Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

Economic impact of overweight and obesity

Country comparisons

You can choose to compare this country’s data with the data for up to four other countries.

Policies, Interventions and Actions

National Strategy for prevention and control of non communicable diseases 2015-2020

Year(s):2015-2020
Target age group:Volwassenen en kinderen
Organisation:Ministry of Health Tonga, Tonga Health
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Tonga Health Promotion Foundation (TongaHealth). Hala Fononga Path to Good Health Ki Ha Tonga Mo'ui Lelei: National strategy for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 2015–2020. (Kingdom of Tonga, Australian Aid, World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, Tonga Health eds.).Tonga: National Non-Communicable Diseases Committee; 2016.

Public health evidence related to obesity in Tonga - a literature review

Categories:Health Effectiveness Reviews (obesity related)
Year(s):2015 (ongoing)
Target age group:Volwassenen en kinderen
Organisation:Ministy of Health Tonga & Tonga Health
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Michelle Kermode, Gregory Armstrong, Sara Gloede, Seini Filai, Reynold Ofanoa, Sione Hufunga, Ofa Tukia. Public health evidence related to obesity in Tonga- Literature Review. Ministry of Health 2015

Tonga National Healthy Eating Advisory Committee

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):2015 (ongoing)
Target age group:Volwassenen en kinderen
Find out more:www.tongahealth.org
References:https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/mechanisms/1562

Tax on sugary drinks

Soft drinks containing sugar or sweeteners are taxed at T$0.5 per litre, this increased to T$1.5 by 2017.

Categories:Taxation/Subsidies on Food or Beverages or law relating to public health
Year(s):2013 (ongoing)
Target age group:Volwassenen en kinderen
Organisation:Government of Tonga
Find out more:ago.gov.to
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Information provided with kind permission of the World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) NOURISHING Framework. http://www.wcrf.org/int/policy/nourishing-framework

GNPR 2016-17 (q7) Breastfeeeding promotion and/or counselling

WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2016-2017 reported the evidence of breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling (q7)

Categories:Evidence of Breastfeeding promotion or related activity
Target age group:Volwassenen
Organisation:Ministry of Health (information provided by the GINA progam)
Find out more:extranet.who.int
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en

Obesity, Healthy Eating and Physical Activity trends in Tonga and the implications for the prevention and control of NCDs

The report recommends priority groups and behaviours to maximise the health impact of new NCD Strategy

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Evidence of Physical Activity Guidelines/Policy
Evidence of NCD strategy
Categories (partial):Evidence of National Obesity Strategy/Policy or Action plan
Target age group:Volwassenen en kinderen
Organisation:Ministy of Health Tonga & Tonga Health
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Obesity, healthy eating and physical activity health trends in Tonga and the implications for the prevention and control of NCDs. Dr Toakase Fakakovikaetau, Saia Faletau, Seini Filiai, Sara Gloede,Sione Hufanga, Dr Veisinia Matoto, Elisiva Naati, Dr Reynold 'Ofanoa, Dr Taniela Palu, Dr 'Ofa Tukia. Published by Ministry of Health Tonga & Tonga Health

No actions could be found for the above criteria.

Contextual factors

Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.

Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.

Labelling

Is there mandatory nutrition labelling?Absent
Front-of-package labelling?Absent
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration?Absent
Color coding?Absent
Warning label?Absent

Regulation and marketing

Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products?Present
Tax on unhealthy foods?Absent
Tax on unhealthy drinks?Present
Are there fiscal policies on healthy products?Absent
Subsidy on fruits?Absent
Subsidy on vegetables?Absent
Subsidy on other healthy products?Absent
Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)?Absent
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? Absent
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? Absent
Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?Absent
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media?Absent
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media?Absent
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?Absent
Are there mandatory standards for food in schools?Absent
Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products?Absent
Nutrition standards for public sector procurement?Absent

Political will and support

National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy?Absent
National obesity strategy?Absent
National childhood obesity strategy?Absent
Comprehensive nutrition strategy?Absent
Comprehensive physical activity strategy?Absent
Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs?Absent
National target(s) on reducing obesity?Absent
Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment?Absent
Promotion of breastfeeding?Present

Monitoring and surveillance

Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors?Present
Within 5 years?Present

Governance and resource

Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)?Present

Key

Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown

Last updated September 13, 2022

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