• Общ преглед
  • Разпространение на затлъстяването
  • Тенденции във времето
  • Разбивки на населението
  • Причини
  • Съпътстващи заболявания
  • Икономическо въздействие
  • Политики
  • Contextual factors
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Разбивки на населението

Contextual factors

Разпространение на затлъстяването

Възрастни, 2017

Тип анкета:Измерено
Възраст:18-69
Количество на пробите:3858
Обхваната зона:Национално
Референции:Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20)
Освен ако не е посочено друго, наднорменото тегло се отнася до ИТМ между 25 kg и 29,9°kg/m², затлъстяването се отнася до ИТМ, по-голям от 30°kg/m².

Възрастни, 2012

Тип анкета:Измерено
Възраст:25-64
Количество на пробите:2599
Обхваната зона:Национално
Референции:STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020)
Забележки:STEPS
Освен ако не е посочено друго, наднорменото тегло се отнася до ИТМ между 25 kg и 29,9°kg/m², затлъстяването се отнася до ИТМ, по-голям от 30°kg/m².

Възрастни, 2004

Тип анкета:Измерено
Възраст:15-64
Количество на пробите:958
Обхваната зона:Национално
Референции:Tonga STEPS Survey 2004
Освен ако не е посочено друго, наднорменото тегло се отнася до ИТМ между 25 kg и 29,9°kg/m², затлъстяването се отнася до ИТМ, по-голям от 30°kg/m².

Възрастни, 1998-2000

Тип анкета:Измерено
Възраст:15-85
Количество на пробите:1024
Обхваната зона:Национално
Референции:Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383.
Освен ако не е посочено друго, наднорменото тегло се отнася до ИТМ между 25 kg и 29,9°kg/m², затлъстяването се отнася до ИТМ, по-голям от 30°kg/m².

Деца, 2019

Тип анкета:Измерено
Възраст:0-5
Количество на пробите:1271
Обхваната зона:Национално
Референции:Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department
Забележки:Infants.
Определения:Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD-+3SD. Obesity = >+3SD
Cutoffs:Other

Деца, 2017

Тип анкета:Самоотчитане
Възраст:13-17
Количество на пробите:3333
Обхваната зона:Национално
Референции:Tonga - Global School-Based Student Health Survey 2017 https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/tonga/en/ (Last accessed 20.10.20)
Cutoffs:WHO

Деца, 2010

Тип анкета:Самоотчитане
Възраст:13-15
Количество на пробите:2111
Обхваната зона:Национално
Референции:Global School Health Student Survey Factsheet Tonga, available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2010_GSHS_FS_Tonga.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 14.12.20)
Cutoffs:WHO

Деца, 2002-2003

Тип анкета:Измерено
Възраст:5-11
Количество на пробите:895
Референции:Shoko Fukuyama a;  Tsukasa Inaoka b;  Yasuhiro Matsumura c;  Taro Yamauchi a;  Kazumi Natsuhara d;  Ryosuke kimura e; Ryutaro Ohtsuka f. Anthropometry of 5-19-year-old Tongan children with special interest in the high prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls. Annals of Human Biology, Volume 32, Issue 6 November 2005 , pages 714 - 723
Забележки:IOTF Cut off. Reference: Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3
Cutoffs:IOTF

Наднормено тегло/затлъстяване по възраст

Възрастни, 2012

Тип анкета:Измерено
Количество на пробите:2599
Обхваната зона:Национално
Референции:STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020)
Забележки:STEPS
Освен ако не е посочено друго, наднорменото тегло се отнася до ИТМ между 25 kg и 29,9°kg/m², затлъстяването се отнася до ИТМ, по-голям от 30°kg/m².

Недостатъчна физическа активност

Възрастни, 2016

Референции:Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7

Мъже, 2016

Референции:Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7

Жени, 2016

Референции:Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7

Деца, 2016

Тип анкета:Самоотчитане
Възраст:11-17
Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Забележки:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Определения:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Момчета, 2016

Тип анкета:Самоотчитане
Възраст:11-17
Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Забележки:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Определения:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Момичета, 2016

Тип анкета:Самоотчитане
Възраст:11-17
Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Забележки:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Определения:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Деца, 2010

Възраст:11-17
Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Забележки:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Определения:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Момчета, 2010

Възраст:11-17
Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Забележки:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Определения:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Момичета, 2010

Възраст:11-17
Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Забележки:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Определения:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

Средна дневна честота на консумация на газирани безалкохолни напитки

Деца, 2010-2015

Тип анкета:Измерено
Възраст:12-17
Референции:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system

Estimated per capita fruit intake

Възрастни, 2017

Тип анкета:Измерено
Възраст:25+
Референции:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Определения:Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day)

Преобладаване на по-малко от дневна консумация на плодове

Деца, 2010-2015

Тип анкета:Измерено
Възраст:12-17
Референции:Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Определения:Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption)

Преобладаване на по-малко от дневна консумация на зеленчуци

Деца, 2010-2015

Тип анкета:Измерено
Възраст:12-17
Референции:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Определения:Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption)

Средна седмична честота на консумация на храни в заведения за бързо хранене

Деца, 2010-2015

Възраст:12-17
Референции:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system

Очакван прием на преработено месо на глава от населението

Възрастни, 2017

Тип анкета:Измерено
Възраст:25+
Референции:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Определения:Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day)

Estimated per capita whole grains intake

Възрастни, 2017

Тип анкета:Измерено
Възраст:25+
Референции:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Определения:Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day)

Психично здраве – депресивни разстройства

Възрастни, 2015

Референции:Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Определения:% of population with depression disorders

Психично здраве – тревожни разстройства

Възрастни, 2015

Референции:Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Определения:% of population with anxiety disorders

% Бебета, хранени изключително с кърма 0-5 месеца

Деца, 2004-2020

Обхваната зона:Национално
Референции:Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department
Забележки:See UNICEF website for further survey information. Available at : https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/infant-young-child-feeding/ (last accessed 28.9.21) Citation: United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2021). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, September 2021.
Определения:% exclusively breastfed 0-5 months

Повишено кръвно налягане

Възрастни, 2015

Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Определения:Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

Мъже, 2015

Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Определения:Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

Жени, 2015

Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Определения:Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

Повишен холестерол

Възрастни, 2008

Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Определения:% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

Мъже, 2008

Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Определения:% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

Жени, 2008

Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Определения:% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

Повишена кръвна захар на гладно

Мъже, 2014

Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Определения:Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

Жени, 2014

Референции:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Определения:Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

Преобладаване на диабета

Възрастни, 2021

Възраст:20-79
Обхваната зона:Национално
Референции:Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation.  IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Определения:Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, %

Възрастни, 2019

Възраст:20-79
Референции:Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
Определения:Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

Възрастни, 2017

Референции:Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Определения:Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

Economic impact of overweight and obesity

Country comparisons

You can choose to compare this country’s data with the data for up to four other countries.

Policies, Interventions and Actions

National Strategy for prevention and control of non communicable diseases 2015-2020

Year(s):2015-2020
Target age group:Възрастни и деца
Organisation:Ministry of Health Tonga, Tonga Health
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Tonga Health Promotion Foundation (TongaHealth). Hala Fononga Path to Good Health Ki Ha Tonga Mo'ui Lelei: National strategy for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 2015–2020. (Kingdom of Tonga, Australian Aid, World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, Tonga Health eds.).Tonga: National Non-Communicable Diseases Committee; 2016.

Public health evidence related to obesity in Tonga - a literature review

Categories:Health Effectiveness Reviews (obesity related)
Year(s):2015 (ongoing)
Target age group:Възрастни и деца
Organisation:Ministy of Health Tonga & Tonga Health
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Michelle Kermode, Gregory Armstrong, Sara Gloede, Seini Filai, Reynold Ofanoa, Sione Hufunga, Ofa Tukia. Public health evidence related to obesity in Tonga- Literature Review. Ministry of Health 2015

Tonga National Healthy Eating Advisory Committee

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):2015 (ongoing)
Target age group:Възрастни и деца
Find out more:www.tongahealth.org
References:https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/mechanisms/1562

Tax on sugary drinks

Soft drinks containing sugar or sweeteners are taxed at T$0.5 per litre, this increased to T$1.5 by 2017.

Categories:Taxation/Subsidies on Food or Beverages or law relating to public health
Year(s):2013 (ongoing)
Target age group:Възрастни и деца
Organisation:Government of Tonga
Find out more:ago.gov.to
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Information provided with kind permission of the World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) NOURISHING Framework. http://www.wcrf.org/int/policy/nourishing-framework

GNPR 2016-17 (q7) Breastfeeeding promotion and/or counselling

WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2016-2017 reported the evidence of breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling (q7)

Categories:Evidence of Breastfeeding promotion or related activity
Target age group:Възрастни
Organisation:Ministry of Health (information provided by the GINA progam)
Find out more:extranet.who.int
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en

Obesity, Healthy Eating and Physical Activity trends in Tonga and the implications for the prevention and control of NCDs

The report recommends priority groups and behaviours to maximise the health impact of new NCD Strategy

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Evidence of Physical Activity Guidelines/Policy
Evidence of NCD strategy
Categories (partial):Evidence of National Obesity Strategy/Policy or Action plan
Target age group:Възрастни и деца
Organisation:Ministy of Health Tonga & Tonga Health
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Obesity, healthy eating and physical activity health trends in Tonga and the implications for the prevention and control of NCDs. Dr Toakase Fakakovikaetau, Saia Faletau, Seini Filiai, Sara Gloede,Sione Hufanga, Dr Veisinia Matoto, Elisiva Naati, Dr Reynold 'Ofanoa, Dr Taniela Palu, Dr 'Ofa Tukia. Published by Ministry of Health Tonga & Tonga Health

No actions could be found for the above criteria.

Contextual factors

Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.

Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.

Labelling

Is there mandatory nutrition labelling?Absent
Front-of-package labelling?Absent
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration?Absent
Color coding?Absent
Warning label?Absent

Regulation and marketing

Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products?Present
Tax on unhealthy foods?Absent
Tax on unhealthy drinks?Present
Are there fiscal policies on healthy products?Absent
Subsidy on fruits?Absent
Subsidy on vegetables?Absent
Subsidy on other healthy products?Absent
Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)?Absent
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? Absent
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? Absent
Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?Absent
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media?Absent
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media?Absent
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?Absent
Are there mandatory standards for food in schools?Absent
Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products?Absent
Nutrition standards for public sector procurement?Absent

Political will and support

National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy?Absent
National obesity strategy?Absent
National childhood obesity strategy?Absent
Comprehensive nutrition strategy?Absent
Comprehensive physical activity strategy?Absent
Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs?Absent
National target(s) on reducing obesity?Absent
Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment?Absent
Promotion of breastfeeding?Present

Monitoring and surveillance

Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors?Present
Within 5 years?Present

Governance and resource

Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)?Present

Key

Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown

Last updated September 13, 2022

See more policies here

Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions

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