Tonga
- Panoramica
- Prevalenza dell'obesità
- Tendenze nel tempo
- Ripartizioni della popolazione
- Fattori
- Comorbilità
- Impatto economico
- Politiche (disponibile solo in inglese)
- Contextual factors
Caricamento dei dati - attendi
Rischio nazionale di obesità *7,5/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Rischio di obesità infantile *10/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Prevalenza dell'obesità
Tendenze nel tempo
Scarica la scheda del rapporto
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Fattori
Attività insufficiente
Consumo di bibite analcoliche
Consumo di frutta
Consumo di verdura
Consumo di fast food
Consumo di carni lavorate
Consumo di cereali
Depressione
Ansia
Radici dell'obesità »
Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.Allattamento al seno
Scarica la scheda del rapporto
Comorbilità
Impatto economico
Politiche (disponibile solo in inglese)
Contextual factors
Prevalenza dell'obesità
Adulti, 2017
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Età: | 18-69 |
Dimensioni del campione: | 3858 |
Area coperta: | Nazionale |
Riferimenti: | Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². |
Adulti, 2012
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Età: | 25-64 |
Dimensioni del campione: | 2599 |
Area coperta: | Nazionale |
Riferimenti: | STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | STEPS |
Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². |
Adulti, 2004
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Età: | 15-64 |
Dimensioni del campione: | 958 |
Area coperta: | Nazionale |
Riferimenti: | Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 |
Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². |
Adulti, 1998-2000
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Età: | 15-85 |
Dimensioni del campione: | 1024 |
Area coperta: | Nazionale |
Riferimenti: | Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. |
Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². |
Bambini, 2017
Tipo di sondaggio: | Auto-riferito |
Età: | 13-17 |
Dimensioni del campione: | 3333 |
Area coperta: | Nazionale |
Riferimenti: | Tonga - Global School-Based Student Health Survey 2017 https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/tonga/en/ (Last accessed 20.10.20) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Bambini, 2010
Tipo di sondaggio: | Auto-riferito |
Età: | 13-15 |
Dimensioni del campione: | 2111 |
Area coperta: | Nazionale |
Riferimenti: | Global School Health Student Survey Factsheet Tonga, available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2010_GSHS_FS_Tonga.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 14.12.20) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Bambini, 2002-2003
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Età: | 5-11 |
Dimensioni del campione: | 895 |
Riferimenti: | Shoko Fukuyama a; Tsukasa Inaoka b; Yasuhiro Matsumura c; Taro Yamauchi a; Kazumi Natsuhara d; Ryosuke kimura e; Ryutaro Ohtsuka f. Anthropometry of 5-19-year-old Tongan children with special interest in the high prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls. Annals of Human Biology, Volume 32, Issue 6 November 2005 , pages 714 - 723 |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | IOTF Cut off. Reference: Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3 |
Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Infants, 2019
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Età: | 0-5 |
Dimensioni del campione: | 1271 |
Area coperta: | Nazionale |
Riferimenti: | Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | Infants. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD-+3SD. Obesity = >+3SD |
Cutoffs: | Other |
Infants, 2019
Età: | 0-5 |
Dimensioni del campione: | 1271 |
Riferimenti: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2012
Età: | 0-5 |
Riferimenti: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
% Adults living with obesity in Tonga 1998-2017
Donne
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Riferimenti: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². | |
Potrebbero essere state utilizzate metodologie diverse di raccolta dei dati e per questo motivo i dati di indagini diverse potrebbero non essere direttamente comparabili. |
Uomini
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Riferimenti: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². | |
Potrebbero essere state utilizzate metodologie diverse di raccolta dei dati e per questo motivo i dati di indagini diverse potrebbero non essere direttamente comparabili. |
% Adults living with overweight or obesity in Tonga 1998-2017
Donne
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Riferimenti: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². | |
Potrebbero essere state utilizzate metodologie diverse di raccolta dei dati e per questo motivo i dati di indagini diverse potrebbero non essere direttamente comparabili. |
Uomini
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Riferimenti: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². | |
Potrebbero essere state utilizzate metodologie diverse di raccolta dei dati e per questo motivo i dati di indagini diverse potrebbero non essere direttamente comparabili. |
% Adults living with obesity in selected countries in the Asia/Oceania Region 1975-2019, paesi selezionati
Uomini
Riferimenti: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993: Solon FS. Nutrition related chronic diseases in the Philippines. Makati city, Philippines: Nutrition Center of the Philippines Report Series, vol 2, No.1, cited in Reference 53 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 2006: Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2007. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2007: National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and Macro International. 2008. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007: Key Findings. Calverton, Maryland, USA: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and Macro International. 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011: National Institute of Population Research and Training - NIPORT/Bangladesh, Mitra and Associates/Bangladesh, and ICF International. 2013. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Dhaka, Bangladesh: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2014: Australian National Health Survey, 2014-15 First Results. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4364.0.55.001Appendix22014-15?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=4364.0.55.001&issue=2014-15&num=&view= (last accessed 27th September 2017) 2015: 2015 Philippine Anthropometric Survey. http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/preview.php?xx=%20uploads/2015_ANTHROPOMETRIC_SURVEY.pdf 2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017: Ministry of Health. 2018. Annual Data Explorer 2017/18: New Zealand Health Survey [Data File]. URL: https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2017-18-annual-data-explorer/ (Accessed 11.04.19) 2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators accessed 14.11.19) 2019: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2019/20 available at https://ministryofhealthnewzealand.cmail19.com/t/i-l-mjrkhil-yhhldiiiid-r/ (last accessed 19.11.20) 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) |
Potrebbero essere state utilizzate metodologie diverse di raccolta dei dati e per questo motivo i dati di indagini diverse potrebbero non essere direttamente comparabili. |
Donne
Riferimenti: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993: Solon FS. Nutrition related chronic diseases in the Philippines. Makati city, Philippines: Nutrition Center of the Philippines Report Series, vol 2, No.1, cited in Reference 53 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 2006: Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2007. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2007: National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and Macro International. 2008. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007: Key Findings. Calverton, Maryland, USA: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and Macro International. 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011: National Institute of Population Research and Training - NIPORT/Bangladesh, Mitra and Associates/Bangladesh, and ICF International. 2013. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Dhaka, Bangladesh: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2014: Australian National Health Survey, 2014-15 First Results. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4364.0.55.001Appendix22014-15?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=4364.0.55.001&issue=2014-15&num=&view= (last accessed 27th September 2017) 2015: 2015 Philippine Anthropometric Survey. http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/preview.php?xx=%20uploads/2015_ANTHROPOMETRIC_SURVEY.pdf 2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017: Ministry of Health. 2018. Annual Data Explorer 2017/18: New Zealand Health Survey [Data File]. URL: https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2017-18-annual-data-explorer/ (Accessed 11.04.19) 2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators accessed 14.11.19) 2019: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2019/20 available at https://ministryofhealthnewzealand.cmail19.com/t/i-l-mjrkhil-yhhldiiiid-r/ (last accessed 19.11.20) 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) |
Potrebbero essere state utilizzate metodologie diverse di raccolta dei dati e per questo motivo i dati di indagini diverse potrebbero non essere direttamente comparabili. |
Sovrappeso/obesità per istruzione
Infants, 2019
Dimensioni del campione: | 1271 |
Riferimenti: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2012
Riferimenti: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
Sovrappeso/obesità per età
Adulti, 2012
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Dimensioni del campione: | 2599 |
Area coperta: | Nazionale |
Riferimenti: | STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | STEPS |
Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². |
Sovrappeso/obesità per regione
Infants, 2019
Dimensioni del campione: | 1271 |
Riferimenti: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2012
Riferimenti: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
Sovrappeso/obesità per gruppo socio-economico
Infants, 2019
Dimensioni del campione: | 1271 |
Riferimenti: | MICS: Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2012
Riferimenti: | DHS-Style: Tonga demographic and health survey 2012. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
Attività fisica insufficiente
Adulti, 2016
Riferimenti: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Uomini, 2016
Riferimenti: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Donne, 2016
Riferimenti: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Bambini, 2016
Tipo di sondaggio: | Auto-riferito |
Età: | 11-17 |
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Ragazzi, 2016
Tipo di sondaggio: | Auto-riferito |
Età: | 11-17 |
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Ragazze, 2016
Tipo di sondaggio: | Auto-riferito |
Età: | 11-17 |
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Bambini, 2010
Età: | 11-17 |
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Ragazzi, 2010
Età: | 11-17 |
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Ragazze, 2010
Età: | 11-17 |
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Frequenza media giornaliera del consumo di bibite gassate
Bambini, 2010-2015
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Età: | 12-17 |
Riferimenti: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Adulti, 2017
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Età: | 25+ |
Riferimenti: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day) |
Prevalenza di un consumo di frutta inferiore a 1 volta al giorno
Bambini, 2010-2015
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Età: | 12-17 |
Riferimenti: | Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption) |
Prevalenza di un consumo di verdura inferiore a 1 volta al giorno
Bambini, 2010-2015
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Età: | 12-17 |
Riferimenti: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption) |
Frequenza media settimanale del consumo di fast food
Bambini, 2010-2015
Età: | 12-17 |
Riferimenti: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Assunzione stimata pro capite di carni lavorate
Adulti, 2017
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Età: | 25+ |
Riferimenti: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day) |
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Adulti, 2017
Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
Età: | 25+ |
Riferimenti: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day) |
Salute mentale - disturbi depressivi
Adulti, 2015
Riferimenti: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | % of population with depression disorders |
Salute mentale - disturbi d'ansia
Adulti, 2015
Riferimenti: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | % of population with anxiety disorders |
% di neonati da 0-5 mesi allattati esclusivamente al seno
Infants, 2007-2022
Riferimenti: | Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | Full details are available. Original citation United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2023). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, October 2023. |
Aumento della pressione arteriosa
Adulti, 2015
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Uomini, 2015
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Donne, 2015
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Aumento del colesterolo
Adulti, 2008
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Uomini, 2008
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Donne, 2008
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Aumento della glicemia a digiuno
Uomini, 2014
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Donne, 2014
Riferimenti: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Prevalenza del diabete
Adulti, 2021
Età: | 20-79 |
Area coperta: | Nazionale |
Riferimenti: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % |
Adulti, 2019
Età: | 20-79 |
Riferimenti: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Adulti, 2017
Riferimenti: | Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Economic impact of overweight and obesity
Policies, Interventions and Actions
Contextual factors
Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.
Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.
Labelling
Is there mandatory nutrition labelling? | Absent |
Front-of-package labelling? | Absent |
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration? | Absent |
Color coding? | Absent |
Warning label? | Absent |
Regulation and marketing
Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products? | Present |
Tax on unhealthy foods? | Absent |
Tax on unhealthy drinks? | Present |
Are there fiscal policies on healthy products? | Absent |
Subsidy on fruits? | Absent |
Subsidy on vegetables? | Absent |
Subsidy on other healthy products? | Absent |
Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)? | Absent |
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media? | Absent |
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Are there mandatory standards for food in schools? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products? | Absent |
Nutrition standards for public sector procurement? | Absent |
Political will and support
National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy? | Absent |
National obesity strategy? | Absent |
National childhood obesity strategy? | Absent |
Comprehensive nutrition strategy? | Absent |
Comprehensive physical activity strategy? | Absent |
Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs? | Absent |
National target(s) on reducing obesity? | Absent |
Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment? | Absent |
Promotion of breastfeeding? | Present |
Monitoring and surveillance
Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors? | Present |
Within 5 years? | Present |
Governance and resource
Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)? | Present |
Key
Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown
Last updated September 13, 2022
Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions