Nepal

Overview
Obesity prevalence
Trends over time
Population breakdowns
Drivers
Comorbidities
Economic impact
Policies
Contextual factors

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National obesity risk *7/10 Childhood obesity risk *3.5/11

* Based on estimated data. For more information see Publications

Population breakdowns

Drivers

Comorbidities

Economic impact

Policies

Nutritional or Health Strategy

Contextual factors

Obesity prevalence

Adults, 2019

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-69
Sample size:	5499
Area covered:	National
References:	Nepal STEPS Survey 2019
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Adults, 2016

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	11102
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Adults, 2012-2013

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-69
Sample size:	4143
Area covered:	National
References:	Nepal STEPS Survey 2013
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Women, 2011

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	5800
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International. 2012. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Women, 2006

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	10003
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2007. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Women, 2001

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	4078
References:	SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Women, 1996

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	3399
References:	Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Children, 2019

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	0-5
Sample size:	6477
Area covered:	National
References:	Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS),2020. Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019,Survey Findings Report. Kathmandu, Nepal: Central Bureau of Statistics and UNICEF Nepal. https://www.unicef.org/nepal/media/11081/file/Nepal%20MICS%202019%20Final%20Report.pdf (Accessed 28.6.21)
Notes:	Infants.
Definitions:	Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD - 3SD. Obesity = >+3SD
Cutoffs:	Other

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Children, 2015

Survey type:	Self-reported
Age:	13-17
Sample size:	6529
Area covered:	National
References:	Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/gshs_fs_nepal_2015.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 24.11.20)
Notes:	WHO cutoffs.
Cutoffs:	WHO

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Children, 2013

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	6-13
Sample size:	986
Area covered:	Subnational
References:	Koirala M, Khatri RB, Khanal V, Amatya A.Prevalence and factors associated with childhood overweight/obesity of private school children in Nepal.Obes Res Clin Pract. 2015;9(3):220-7.
Notes:	WHO cut-offs used.
Cutoffs:	WHO

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Children, 2013

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	6-13
Sample size:	986
Area covered:	Subnational
References:	Koirala M, Khatri RB, Khanal V, Amatya A.Prevalence and factors associated with childhood overweight/obesity of private school children in Nepal.Obes Res Clin Pract. 2015;9(3):220-7.
Notes:	WHO cut-offs used.
Cutoffs:	WHO

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% Adults living with obesity, 1996-2016

Survey type:	Measured
References:	1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2006: Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2007. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2011: Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International. 2012. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International. 2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF.
Notes:	Adults aged 15-49
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used.

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% Adults living with overweight or obesity, 1996-2016

Survey type:	Measured
References:	1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2006: Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2007. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and Macro International. 2011: Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International. 2012. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International. 2016: Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF.
Notes:	Adults aged 15-49
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used.

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% Adults living with obesity, selected countries, 1976-2019

Men

References:

1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190
1993: Solon FS. Nutrition related chronic diseases in the Philippines. Makati city, Philippines: Nutrition Center of the Philippines Report Series, vol 2, No.1, cited in Reference 53
1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252
1998: Data provided by the Philippean Depatment of Health, Dr C. Barbu, data reanalysed by Dr Charmaine Duante.
2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196.
2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11
2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH).
2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011)
2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004
2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577
2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey.
2007: Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, Kamaruddin NA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Ali O, Isa SH, Bebakar WM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(1):35-41.
2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x
2011, 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20)
2014: New Zealand Health Survey 2014/15. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2014-15-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 16.12.2015)
2015: 2015 Philippine Anthropometric Survey. http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/preview.php?xx=%20uploads/2015_ANTHROPOMETRIC_SURVEY.pdf
2016: Ministry of Health. 2018. Annual Data Explorer 2017/18: New Zealand Health Survey [Data File]. URL: https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2017-18-annual-data-explorer/(last accessed 14th December 2017)
2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20)
2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators accessed 14.11.19)
2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems

Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used.

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Women

References:

Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used.

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Overweight/obesity by education

Adults, 2019

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-69
Sample size:	5499
Area covered:	National
Notes:	Nepal STEPS Survey 2019
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Men, 2016

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	11102
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Women, 2016

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	11102
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Women, 2011

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	5800
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International. 2012. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Boys, 2017

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	6-13
Sample size:	575
Area covered:	Lalitpur Metropolitan City
References:	Prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among primary school children in urban Nepal. Available at: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-7406-9
Cutoffs:	BMI-for-age-sex

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Girls, 2017

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	6-13
Sample size:	575
Area covered:	Lalitpur Metropolitan City
References:	Prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among primary school children in urban Nepal. Available at: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-7406-9
Cutoffs:	BMI-for-age-sex

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Overweight/obesity by age

Adults, 2019

Survey type:	Measured
Sample size:	5499
Area covered:	National
References:	Nepal STEPS Survey 2019
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Adults, 2016

Survey type:	Measured
Sample size:	11102
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Women, 2011

Survey type:	Measured
Sample size:	5800
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International. 2012. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Children, 2017

Survey type:	Measured
Sample size:	575
Area covered:	Urban
References:	Prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among primary school children in urban Nepal. Available at: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-7406-9
Notes:	A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to October of 2017. Behavioral data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire with parents of children aged 6–13 years old in grades 1–5 studying in private schools of Lalitpur district in Nepal. Children with amputated body parts, or any acute or chronic health condition were excluded from the study as these conditions could affect their body weight. Those staying in a hostel away from their parents were also excluded as the questionnaire had to be filled out by a parent.
Cutoffs:	BMI-for-age-sex was calculated using WHO AnthroPlus

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Children, 1997

Survey type:	Measured
Sample size:	1000
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferro-Luzzi A, National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Rome, Italy. Unpublished data reanalysed 2001
Cutoffs:	IOTF

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Overweight/obesity by region

Adults, 2019

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-69
Sample size:	5499
Area covered:	National
References:	Nepal STEPS Survey 2019
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Men, 2016

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	11102
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Women, 2016

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	11102
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Women, 2011

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	5800
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International. 2012. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Children, 2019

Survey type:	Measured
Sample size:	6477
Area covered:	National
References:	Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS),2020. Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019,Survey Findings Report. Kathmandu, Nepal: Central Bureau of Statistics and UNICEF Nepal. https://www.unicef.org/nepal/media/11081/file/Nepal%20MICS%202019%20Final%20Report.pdf (Accessed 28.6.21)
Notes:	Infants.
Definitions:	Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD - 3SD. Obesity = >+3SD
Cutoffs:	Other

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Boys, 2015

Survey type:	Self-reported
Age:	13-17
Sample size:	6529
Area covered:	National
References:	World Health Organization. Global school-based student health survey (GSHS). Available from: https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/factsheets/en/. [Accessed 20 February 2019].
Notes:	WHO cut-offs used and based on Self-reported data.
Cutoffs:	WHO

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Girls, 2015

Survey type:	Self-reported
Age:	13-17
Sample size:	6529
Area covered:	National
References:	World Health Organization. Global school-based student health survey (GSHS). Available from: https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/factsheets/en/. [Accessed 20 February 2019].
Notes:	WHO cut-offs used and based on Self-reported data.
Cutoffs:	WHO

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Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group

Adults, 2019

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-69
Sample size:	5499
Area covered:	National
References:	Nepal STEPS Survey 2019
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Men, 2016

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	11102
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Women, 2016

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	11102
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health - MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF. 2017. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOH/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Women, 2011

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	15-49
Sample size:	5800
Area covered:	National
References:	Ministry of Health and Population - MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International. 2012. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP/Nepal, New ERA/Nepal, and ICF International.
Notes:	Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

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Children, 2019

Survey type:	Measured
Sample size:	6477
Area covered:	National
References:	Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS),2020. Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019,Survey Findings Report. Kathmandu, Nepal: Central Bureau of Statistics and UNICEF Nepal. https://www.unicef.org/nepal/media/11081/file/Nepal%20MICS%202019%20Final%20Report.pdf (Accessed 28.6.21)
Notes:	Infants.
Definitions:	Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD - 3SD. Obesity = >+3SD
Cutoffs:	Other

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Insufficient physical activity

Adults, 2016

References:

Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7

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Men, 2016

References:

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Women, 2016

References:

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Children, 2016

Survey type:	Self-reported
Age:	11-17
References:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Boys, 2016

Survey type:	Self-reported
Age:	11-17
References:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Girls, 2016

Survey type:	Self-reported
Age:	11-17
References:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes:	% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:	% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

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Estimated per capita fruit intake

Adults, 2017

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	25+
References:	Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions:	Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day)

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Estimated per-capita processed meat intake

Adults, 2017

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	25+
References:	Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions:	Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day)

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Estimated per capita whole grains intake

Adults, 2017

Survey type:	Measured
Age:	25+
References:	Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions:	Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day)

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Mental health - depression disorders

Adults, 2015

References:	Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definitions:	% of population with depression disorders

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Mental health - anxiety disorders

Adults, 2015

References:	Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definitions:	% of population with anxiety disorders

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% Infants exclusively breastfed 0-5 months

Children, 2015-2020

Area covered:	National
References:	Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Kathmandu, Nepal: Central Bureau of Statistics and UNICEF Nepal.
Notes:	See UNICEF website for further survey information. Available at : https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/infant-young-child-feeding/ (last accessed 28.9.21) Citation: United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2021). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, September 2021.
Definitions:	% exclusively breastfed 0-5 months

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Oesophageal cancer

Men, 2020

Age:	20+
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2257
Definitions:	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Women, 2020

Age:	20+
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2257
Definitions:	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Breast cancer

Women, 2020

Age:	20+
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2257
Definitions:	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Colorectal cancer

Men, 2020

Age:	20+
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2257
Definitions:	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Women, 2020

Age:	20+
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2257
Definitions:	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Pancreatic cancer

Men, 2020

Age:	20+
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2257
Definitions:	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Women, 2020

Age:	20+
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2257
Definitions:	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Gallbladder cancer

Men, 2020

Age:	20+
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2257
Definitions:	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Women, 2020

Age:	20+
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2257
Definitions:	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Kidney cancer

Men, 2020

Age:	20+
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2257
Definitions:	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Women, 2020

Age:	20+
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2257
Definitions:	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Cancer of the uterus

Women, 2020

Age:	20+
Area covered:	National
References:	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2257
Definitions:	Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000

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Raised blood pressure

Adults, 2015

References:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions:	Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

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Men, 2015

References:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions:	Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

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Women, 2015

References:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions:	Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

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Raised cholesterol

Adults, 2008

References:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions:	% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

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Men, 2008

References:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions:	% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

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Women, 2008

References:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions:	% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

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Raised fasting blood glucose

Men, 2014

References:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definitions:	Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

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Women, 2014

References:	Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definitions:	Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

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Diabetes prevalence

Adults, 2021

Age:	20-79
Area covered:	National
References:	Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definitions:	Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, %

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Adults, 2019

Age:	20-79
References:	Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definitions:	Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

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Adults, 2017

References:	Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definitions:	Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

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Economic impact of overweight and obesity

Policies, Interventions and Actions

Multi-Sector Nutrition Plan

The design of this Multi-Sector Nutrition Plan II (2018/19–2022/23) addresses the achievement of the World Health Assembly global targets for 2025, the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 and nutrition deprivation and causality analysis in Nepal. The goal of the Plan is to improved maternal, adolescent and child nutrition by scaling up essential nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions and creating an enabling environment for nutrition.

Categories:	Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):	2018-2022
Target age group:	Adults and children
Organisation:	Government of Nepal
Linked document:	Download linked document

NCD Country Profiles 2018 (Obesity Targets)

The profiles also provide data on the key metabolic risk factors, namely raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose and obesity and National Targets on Obesity (as of 2017)

Categories:	Evidence of Obesity Target
Year(s):	2017 (ongoing)
Target age group:	Adults and children
Organisation:	World Health Organisation
References:	Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes: National Implementation of the International Code Status Report 2016 (Promotion of Breastfeeding)

The 2016 report provides information on the status of implementing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly resolutions (“the Code”) in and by countries. The report also identifies in which countries they actively promote the benefits of breastfeeding.

Categories:	Evidence of Breastfeeding promotion or related activity
Target age group:	Adults
Organisation:	WHO UNICEF IBFAN
References:	WHO. UNICEF. IBFAN. Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: National Implementation of the International Code. Status Report 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016

No actions could be found for the above criteria.

Contextual factors

Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.

Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.

Labelling

Is there mandatory nutrition labelling?	Absent
Front-of-package labelling?	Absent
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration?	Absent
Color coding?	Absent
Warning label?	Absent

Regulation and marketing

Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products?	Absent
Tax on unhealthy foods?	Absent
Tax on unhealthy drinks?	Absent

Are there fiscal policies on healthy products?	Absent
Subsidy on fruits?	Absent
Subsidy on vegetables?	Absent
Subsidy on other healthy products?	Absent

Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)?	Absent
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)?	Absent
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)?	Absent

Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?	Absent
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media?	Absent
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media?	Absent
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?	Absent

Are there mandatory standards for food in schools?	Absent

Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products?	Absent

Nutrition standards for public sector procurement?	Absent

Political will and support

National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy?	Absent
National obesity strategy?	Absent
National childhood obesity strategy?	Absent
Comprehensive nutrition strategy?	Present
Comprehensive physical activity strategy?	Absent

Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs?	Absent

National target(s) on reducing obesity?	Present

Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment?	Absent

Promotion of breastfeeding?	Present

Monitoring and surveillance

Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors?	Present
Within 5 years?	Present

Governance and resource

Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)?	Absent

Key

Present

Present (voluntary)

Incoming

Absent

Unknown

Last updated September 13, 2022

See more policies here

Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions

Obesity prevalence

Trends over time

Download report card

Population breakdowns

By education

By age

By region

By socio-economic group

Drivers

Insufficient activity

Fruit consumption

Processed meat consumption

Grains consumption

Depression

Anxiety

Roots of obesity »

Breastfeeding

Download report card

Comorbidities

Oesophageal cancer

Breast cancer

Colorectal cancer

Pancreatic cancer

Gallbladder cancer

Kidney cancer

Cancer of the uterus

Raised blood pressure

Raised cholesterol

Raised fasting blood glucose

Diabetes prevalence

Download report card

Economic impact

Economic impact

Download report card

Policies

Nutritional or Health Strategy

Breastfeeding

Obesity Target

Download report card

Contextual factors

Contextual factors

Obesity prevalence

Adults, 2019

Adults, 2016

Adults, 2012-2013

Women, 2011

Women, 2006

Women, 2001

Women, 1996

Children, 2019

Children, 2015

Children, 2013

Children, 2013

% Adults living with obesity, 1996-2016

% Adults living with overweight or obesity, 1996-2016

% Adults living with obesity, selected countries, 1976-2019

Men

Women

Overweight/obesity by education

Adults, 2019

Men, 2016

Women, 2016

Women, 2011

Boys, 2017

Girls, 2017

Overweight/obesity by age

Adults, 2019

Adults, 2016

Women, 2011

Children, 2017

Children, 1997

Overweight/obesity by region

Adults, 2019

Men, 2016

Women, 2016

Women, 2011

Children, 2019

Boys, 2015

Girls, 2015

Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group