Is-Somalja
- Deskrizzjoni Ġenerali
- Prevalenza tal-obeżità
- Tqassim tal-popolazzjoni
- Kawżi
- Komorbiditajiet
- Politiki
- Contextual factors
Id-dejta qed tillowdja - jekk jogħġbok stenna ...
Riskju nazzjonali tal-obe?ità *7/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Riskju ta' obe?ità fit-tfal *4/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Prevalenza tal-obeżità
Niżżel il-karta tar-rapport
Il-karta tar-rapport tiġbor il-grafika l-aktar reċenti kollha għal dan il-pajjiż. Jekk tixtieq tipproduċi rapport personalizzat ibbażat fuq grafika magħżula, sempliċement agħfas il-buttuna Add (Żid) mal-buttuna PDF personalizzata taħt il-grafika li tixtieq tuża.Tqassim tal-popolazzjoni
Kawżi
Komorbiditajiet
Contextual factors
Prevalenza tal-obe?ità
Nisa, 2019
Tip ta' st?arri?: | Imkejjel |
Età: | 15-49 |
Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 803 |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ministry of Health FGS, FMS, Somaliland, UNICEF, Brandpro, GroundWork. Somalia Micronutrient Survey 2019. Mogadishu, Somalia; 2020. https://www.unicef.org/somalia/media/1681/file/Somalia-Micronutient-Survey-2019.pdf (Accessed 29.09.20) |
Noti: | Small sample size. Non-pregnant women. |
Sakemm ma ji?ix indikat mod ie?or, il-pi? ?ejjed jirreferi g?al BMI bejn 25kg u 29.9kg/m², l-obe?ità tirreferi g?al BMI akbar minn 30kg/m². |
Infants, 2009
Età: | 0-5 |
Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 1122 |
Referenzi: | Other: National Micronutrient and Anthropometric Survey Somalia 2009 |
Noti: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2006
Età: | 0-5 |
Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 5676 |
Referenzi: | MICS: Monitoring the situation of women and children. Somalia multiple indicator cluster survey 2006. New York: UNICEF, 2007. |
Noti: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | =>+2SD |
Pi? ?ejjed/obe?ità skont l-edukazzjoni
Nisa, 2019
Tip ta' st?arri?: | Imkejjel |
Età: | 15-49 |
Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 803 |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ministry of Health FGS, FMS, Somaliland, UNICEF, Brandpro, GroundWork. Somalia Micronutrient Survey 2019. Mogadishu, Somalia; 2020. https://www.unicef.org/somalia/media/1681/file/Somalia-Micronutient-Survey-2019.pdf (Accessed 29.09.20) |
Noti: | Small sample size. Non-pregnant women. |
Sakemm ma ji?ix indikat mod ie?or, il-pi? ?ejjed jirreferi g?al BMI bejn 25kg u 29.9kg/m², l-obe?ità tirreferi g?al BMI akbar minn 30kg/m². |
Infants, 2006
Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 5676 |
Referenzi: | MICS: Monitoring the situation of women and children. Somalia multiple indicator cluster survey 2006. New York: UNICEF, 2007. |
Noti: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | =>+2SD |
Pi? ?ejjed/obe?ità skont l-età
Nisa, 2019
Tip ta' st?arri?: | Imkejjel |
Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 803 |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ministry of Health FGS, FMS, Somaliland, UNICEF, Brandpro, GroundWork. Somalia Micronutrient Survey 2019. Mogadishu, Somalia; 2020. https://www.unicef.org/somalia/media/1681/file/Somalia-Micronutient-Survey-2019.pdf (Accessed 29.09.20) |
Noti: | Small sample size. Non-pregnant women. |
Sakemm ma ji?ix indikat mod ie?or, il-pi? ?ejjed jirreferi g?al BMI bejn 25kg u 29.9kg/m², l-obe?ità tirreferi g?al BMI akbar minn 30kg/m². |
Pi? ?ejjed/obe?ità skont ir-re?jun
Nisa, 2019
Tip ta' st?arri?: | Imkejjel |
Età: | 15-49 |
Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 803 |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ministry of Health FGS, FMS, Somaliland, UNICEF, Brandpro, GroundWork. Somalia Micronutrient Survey 2019. Mogadishu, Somalia; 2020. https://www.unicef.org/somalia/media/1681/file/Somalia-Micronutient-Survey-2019.pdf (Accessed 29.09.20) |
Noti: | Small sample size. Non-pregnant women. |
Sakemm ma ji?ix indikat mod ie?or, il-pi? ?ejjed jirreferi g?al BMI bejn 25kg u 29.9kg/m², l-obe?ità tirreferi g?al BMI akbar minn 30kg/m². |
Infants, 2009
Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 1122 |
Referenzi: | Other: National Micronutrient and Anthropometric Survey Somalia 2009 |
Noti: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2006
Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 5676 |
Referenzi: | MICS: Monitoring the situation of women and children. Somalia multiple indicator cluster survey 2006. New York: UNICEF, 2007. |
Noti: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | =>+2SD |
Pi? ?ejjed/obe?ità skont il-grupp so?joekonomiku
Nisa, 2019
Tip ta' st?arri?: | Imkejjel |
Età: | 15-49 |
Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 803 |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ministry of Health FGS, FMS, Somaliland, UNICEF, Brandpro, GroundWork. Somalia Micronutrient Survey 2019. Mogadishu, Somalia; 2020. https://www.unicef.org/somalia/media/1681/file/Somalia-Micronutient-Survey-2019.pdf (Accessed 29.09.20) |
Noti: | Small sample size. Non-pregnant women. |
Sakemm ma ji?ix indikat mod ie?or, il-pi? ?ejjed jirreferi g?al BMI bejn 25kg u 29.9kg/m², l-obe?ità tirreferi g?al BMI akbar minn 30kg/m². |
Infants, 2006
Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 5676 |
Referenzi: | MICS: Monitoring the situation of women and children. Somalia multiple indicator cluster survey 2006. New York: UNICEF, 2007. |
Noti: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | =>+2SD |
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Adulti, 2017
Tip ta' st?arri?: | Imkejjel |
Età: | 25+ |
Referenzi: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day) |
Konsum stmat ta' la?am ippro?essat per capita
Adulti, 2017
Tip ta' st?arri?: | Imkejjel |
Età: | 25+ |
Referenzi: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day) |
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Adulti, 2017
Tip ta' st?arri?: | Imkejjel |
Età: | 25+ |
Referenzi: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day) |
Sa??a mentali - disturbi tad-depressjoni
Adulti, 2015
Referenzi: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | % of population with depression disorders |
Sa??a mentali - disturbi ta' ansjetà
Adulti, 2015
Referenzi: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | % of population with anxiety disorders |
% ta' trabi ta' bejn 0-5 xhur imreddg?a biss
Tfal, 2010-2019
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | The Somali Health and Demographic Survey 2020 |
Noti: | See UNICEF website for further survey information. Available at : https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/infant-young-child-feeding/ (last accessed 28.9.21) Citation: United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2021). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, September 2021. |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | % exclusively breastfed 0-5 months |
Kan?er tal-esofagu
Ir?iel, 2020
Età: | 20+ |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2323 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Nisa, 2020
Età: | 20+ |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2323 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Kan?er tas-sider
Nisa, 2020
Età: | 20+ |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2323 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Kan?er kolorettali
Ir?iel, 2020
Età: | 20+ |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2323 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Nisa, 2020
Età: | 20+ |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2323 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Kan?er tal-frixa
Ir?iel, 2020
Età: | 20+ |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2323 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Nisa, 2020
Età: | 20+ |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2323 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Kan?er tal-marrara
Ir?iel, 2020
Età: | 20+ |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2323 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Nisa, 2020
Età: | 20+ |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2323 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Kan?er tal-kliewi
Ir?iel, 2020
Età: | 20+ |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2323 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Nisa, 2020
Età: | 20+ |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2323 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Kan?er tal-utru
Nisa, 2020
Età: | 20+ |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2323 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Pressjoni g?olja tad-demm
Adulti, 2015
Referenzi: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Ir?iel, 2015
Referenzi: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Nisa, 2015
Referenzi: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Kolesterol g?oli
Adulti, 2008
Referenzi: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Ir?iel, 2008
Referenzi: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Nisa, 2008
Referenzi: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Zokkor fid-demm g?oli waqt is-sawm
Ir?iel, 2014
Referenzi: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Nisa, 2014
Referenzi: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Prevalenza tad-dijabete
Adulti, 2021
Età: | 20-79 |
Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
Referenzi: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % |
Adulti, 2019
Età: | 20-79 |
Referenzi: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Adulti, 2017
Referenzi: | Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingli? biss): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Policies, Interventions and Actions
Contextual factors
Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.
Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.
Labelling
Is there mandatory nutrition labelling? | Absent |
Front-of-package labelling? | Absent |
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration? | Absent |
Color coding? | Absent |
Warning label? | Absent |
Regulation and marketing
Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products? | Absent |
Tax on unhealthy foods? | Absent |
Tax on unhealthy drinks? | Absent |
Are there fiscal policies on healthy products? | Absent |
Subsidy on fruits? | Absent |
Subsidy on vegetables? | Absent |
Subsidy on other healthy products? | Absent |
Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)? | Absent |
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media? | Absent |
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Are there mandatory standards for food in schools? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products? | Absent |
Nutrition standards for public sector procurement? | Absent |
Political will and support
National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy? | Absent |
National obesity strategy? | Absent |
National childhood obesity strategy? | Absent |
Comprehensive nutrition strategy? | Present |
Comprehensive physical activity strategy? | Absent |
Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs? | Absent |
National target(s) on reducing obesity? | Absent |
Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment? | Absent |
Promotion of breastfeeding? | Present |
Monitoring and surveillance
Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors? | Present |
Within 5 years? | Present |
Governance and resource
Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)? | Present |
Key
Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown
Last updated September 13, 2022
Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions