• Overview
  • Obesity prevalence
  • Trends over time
  • Population breakdowns
  • Drivers
  • Comorbidities
  • Economic impact
  • Policies
  • Contextual factors
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National obesity risk *7.5/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Childhood obesity risk *7/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
* Based on estimated data. For more information see Publications

Obesity prevalence

Trends over time

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Population breakdowns

By education

By age

By region

By socio-economic group

Drivers

Insufficient activity

Soft drink consumption

Fruit consumption

Vegetable consumption

Fast food consumption

Processed meat consumption

Grains consumption

Depression

Anxiety

Roots of obesity »

Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.

Breastfeeding

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Comorbidities

Oesophageal cancer

Breast cancer

Colorectal cancer

Pancreatic cancer

Gallbladder cancer

Kidney cancer

Cancer of the uterus

Raised blood pressure

Raised cholesterol

Raised fasting blood glucose

Diabetes prevalence

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Economic impact

Economic impact

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Policies

Nutritional or Health Strategy

Marketing

Tax/Subsidies on Food or Beverages

Labelling

Management or treatment guidelines

School Food Regulations

Breastfeeding

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Contextual factors

Contextual factors

Obesity prevalence

Women, 2020

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:21362
Area covered:National
References:INEI (2021) Peru Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar Endes 2020. Available at https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1795/ (last accessed 28.03.23)
Notes:This appears measured but took place during COVID 19 and may have included telephone survey responses
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 2017-2018

Survey type:Measured
Age:18-59
Sample size:1084
Area covered:National
References:Informe Técnico de la Vigilancia Alimentaria Nutricional por Etapas de Vida: Adultos. MINISTERIO DE SALUD DEL PERÚ Available at https://web.ins.gob.pe/sites/default/files/Archivos/cenan/van/sala_nutricional/sala_3/2021/Informe%20Tecnico-%20Estado%20nutricional%20en%20adultos%20de%2018%20a%2059%20a%C3%B1os%2CVIANEV%202017-2018.pdf (last accessed 12.04.23)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2014

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:23495
Area covered:National
References:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INE/Perú. 2015. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2014. Lima, Perú: INEI/Perú.
Notes:Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2013

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:21700
Area covered:National
References:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INEI/Perú. 2014. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2013. Lima, Perú: INEI/Peru.
Notes:Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2012

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:22866
Area covered:National
References:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INEI/Perú. 2013. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2012. Lima, Perú: INEI/Peru.
Notes:Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 2012-2013

Survey type:Measured
Age:20+
Sample size:20535
Area covered:National
References:Pajuelo, Jaime & Torres, Harold & Rebatta, Fernando & Zamora, Rosa. (2019). Obesidad no morbida y morbida del adulto en el Perú, 1975 - 2013. Anales de la Facultad de Medicina. 80. 317-21. 10.15381/anales.803.16851.
Notes:NB. Combined adult data estimated. These estimates were calculated by weighting male and female survey results. Weighting based on World Bank Population % total female 2019 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS - accessed 21.10.20)'
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2007-2008

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:20192
Area covered:National
References:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INEI/Peru and ORC Macro. 2009. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2007-2008. Lima, Perú: INEI/Peru and ORC Macro.
Notes:Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2000

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:8372
Area covered:National
References:Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informática - INEI/Perú and Macro International. 2001. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2000. Lima, Perú: INEI/Perú and Macro International.
Notes:Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 1998-2000

Survey type:Measured
Age:18-59
Sample size:2337
Area covered:National
References:Jacoby E, Goldstein J, Lopez A, Nunez E and Lopez T. (2003). Social class, family and life-style factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Peruvian cities. Reventative Medicine, 37: 396 - 405.
Notes:NB. Combined adult data estimated. These estimates were calculated by weighting male and female survey results. Weighting based on World Bank Population % total female 2019 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS - accessed 19.10.20)'
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 1992

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:5200
References:Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252
Notes:The data from this paper was sourced from the Demographic Health Survey Programme https://dhsprogram.com/ Central Statistical Office and Macro International. Calverton, Maryland, USA
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Children, 2013-2014

Survey type:Measured
Age:5-13
Sample size:2801
Area covered:National
References:Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Doris Alvarez-Dongo, Paula Espinoza-Oriundo. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Peruvian primary school children. Rev. salud pública 20 (2) Mar-Apr 2018 ¬ï https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.V20n2.68082
Notes:WHO Cut off Used
Cutoffs:WHO
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Children, 2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:13-15
Sample size:2882
Area covered:National
References:Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2010_GSHS_FS_Peru.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 25.11.20)
Notes:WHO cutoffs.
Cutoffs:WHO
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Children, 2009

Survey type:Measured
Age:7-8
Sample size:1737
Area covered:National
References:Preston EC, Ariana P, Penny ME, Frost M, Plugge E. Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and associated factors in Peru. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2015;38(6):472-8
Notes:Prevalence of overweight and obesity by Maternal Education. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was assessed using body mass index-for age Z-scores. The 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) international growth reference curves for children 5–19 years of age described by De Onis were used to compare children of the same age and gender. “Overweight” and “Obese” variables were defined as BMI-for-age Z-scores of ≥ 1 and ≥ 2, respectively.
Cutoffs:WHO
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Children, 2002

Survey type:Measured
Age:7-8
Sample size:710
References:Carrillo-Larco RM, Miranda JJ, Bernabe-Ortiz A. Wealth index and risk of childhood overweight and obesity: evidence from four prospective cohorts in Peru and Vietnam. Int J Public Health, 2015 Nov 24.
Notes:IOTF Cut-off
Cutoffs:IOTF
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Overweight/obesity by education

Women, 2020

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:21362
Area covered:National
References:INEI (2021) Peru Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar Endes 2020. Available at https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1795/ (last accessed 28.03.23
Notes:Some self report data may have been included due to COVID 19 pandemic
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2014

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:23497
Area covered:National
References:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INE/Perú. 2015. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2014. Lima, Perú: INEI/Perú.
Notes:Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2008

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:22151
Area covered:National
References:Poterico JA, Stanojevic S, Ruiz P, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Miranda JJ. The Association between Socioeconomic Status and Obesity in Peruvian Women. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2012;20(11):2283-2289. doi:10.1038/oby.2011.288.
Notes:Education level, based on the number of years of education attained, was categorized separately into quartiles for rural and urban areas, and merged into a single variable.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Children, 2013-2014

Survey type:Measured
Age:5-13
Sample size:2801
Area covered:National
References:Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Doris Alvarez-Dongo, Paula Espinoza-Oriundo. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Peruvian primary school children. Rev. salud pública 20 (2) Mar-Apr 2018 ¬ï https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.V20n2.68082
Notes:WHO Cut Off Points Used Education based on Parental educational status
Cutoffs:WHO
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Children, 2009

Survey type:Measured
Age:7-8
Sample size:1737
Area covered:National
References:Preston EC, Ariana P, Penny ME, Frost M, Plugge E. Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and associated factors in Peru. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2015;38(6):472-8
Notes:Prevalence of overweight and obesity by Maternal Education. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was assessed using body mass index-for age Z-scores. The 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) international growth reference curves for children 5–19 years of age described by De Onis were used to compare children of the same age and gender. “Overweight” and “Obese” variables were defined as BMI-for-age Z-scores of ≥ 1 and ≥ 2, respectively.
Cutoffs:WHO
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Overweight/obesity by age

Women, 2020

Survey type:Measured
Sample size:21362
Area covered:National
References:INEI (2021) Peru Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar Endes 2020. Available at https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1795/ (last accessed 28.03.23
Notes:Possibiility of some self report data included as collated during COVID 19 Pandemic
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 2017-2018

Survey type:Measured
Sample size:1084
Area covered:National
References:Informe Técnico de la Vigilancia Alimentaria Nutricional por Etapas de Vida: Adultos. MINISTERIO DE SALUD DEL PERÚ Available at https://web.ins.gob.pe/sites/default/files/Archivos/cenan/van/sala_nutricional/sala_3/2021/Informe%20Tecnico-%20Estado%20nutricional%20en%20adultos%20de%2018%20a%2059%20a%C3%B1os%2CVIANEV%202017-2018.pdf (last accessed 12.04.23)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Women, 2014

Survey type:Measured
Sample size:23497
Area covered:National
References:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INE/Perú. 2015. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2014. Lima, Perú: INEI/Perú
Notes:Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Adults, 2012-2013

Survey type:Measured
Sample size:20535
Area covered:National
References:Pajuelo, Jaime & Torres, Harold & Rebatta, Fernando & Zamora, Rosa. (2019). Obesidad no morbida y morbida del adulto en el Perú, 1975 - 2013. Anales de la Facultad de Medicina. 80. 317-21. 10.15381/anales.803.16851.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Children, 2013-2014

Survey type:Measured
Sample size:2801
Area covered:National
References:Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Doris Alvarez-Dongo, Paula Espinoza-Oriundo. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Peruvian primary school children. Rev. salud pública 20 (2) Mar-Apr 2018 ¬ï https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.V20n2.68082
Notes:WHO Cut Off Points Used
Cutoffs:WHO
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Overweight/obesity by region

Adults, 2017-2018

Survey type:Measured
Age:18-59
Sample size:1084
Area covered:National
References:Informe Técnico de la Vigilancia Alimentaria Nutricional por Etapas de Vida: Adultos. MINISTERIO DE SALUD DEL PERÚ Available at https://web.ins.gob.pe/sites/default/files/Archivos/cenan/van/sala_nutricional/sala_3/2021/Informe%20Tecnico-%20Estado%20nutricional%20en%20adultos%20de%2018%20a%2059%20a%C3%B1os%2CVIANEV%202017-2018.pdf (last accessed 13.04.23)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Women, 2014

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:23497
Area covered:National
References:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INE/Perú. 2015. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2014. Lima, Perú: INEI/Perú.
Notes:Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Women, 2014

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:23497
Area covered:National
References:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INE/Perú. 2015. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2014. Lima, Perú: INEI/Perú.
Notes:Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Adults, 2012-2013

Survey type:Measured
Age:20+
Sample size:20535
Area covered:National
References:Pajuelo, Jaime & Torres, Harold & Rebatta, Fernando & Zamora, Rosa. (2019). Obesidad no morbida y morbida del adulto en el Perú, 1975 - 2013. Anales de la Facultad de Medicina. 80. 317-21. 10.15381/anales.803.16851.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Women, 2008

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:22151
Area covered:National
References:Poterico JA, Stanojevic S, Ruiz P, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Miranda JJ. The Association between Socioeconomic Status and Obesity in Peruvian Women. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2012;20(11):2283-2289. doi:10.1038/oby.2011.288.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Children, 2013-2014

Survey type:Measured
Age:5-13
Sample size:2801
Area covered:National
References:Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Doris Alvarez-Dongo, Paula Espinoza-Oriundo. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Peruvian primary school children. Rev. salud pública 20 (2) Mar-Apr 2018 ¬ï https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.V20n2.68082
Notes:WHO Cut Off Points Used
Cutoffs:WHO
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Children, 2009

Survey type:Measured
Age:7-8
Sample size:1737
Area covered:National
References:Preston EC, Ariana P, Penny ME, Frost M, Plugge E. Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and associated factors in Peru. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2015;38(6):472-8
Notes:Prevalence of overweight and obesity by Maternal Education. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was assessed using body mass index-for age Z-scores. The 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) international growth reference curves for children 5–19 years of age described by De Onis were used to compare children of the same age and gender. “Overweight” and “Obese” variables were defined as BMI-for-age Z-scores of ≥ 1 and ≥ 2, respectively.
Cutoffs:WHO
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Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group

Women, 2020

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:21362
Area covered:National
References:INEI (2021) Peru Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar Endes 2020. Available at https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1795/ (last accessed 28.03.23
Notes:May include some self report data as surveys completed during COVID 19 Pandemic
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Women, 2014

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:23497
Area covered:National
References:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INE/Perú. 2015. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2014. Lima, Perú: INEI/Perú.
Notes:Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Women, 2008

Survey type:Measured
Age:15-49
Sample size:22151
Area covered:National
References:Poterico JA, Stanojevic S, Ruiz P, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Miranda JJ. The Association between Socioeconomic Status and Obesity in Peruvian Women. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2012;20(11):2283-2289. doi:10.1038/oby.2011.288.
Notes:The possession assets index variable was constructed by the INEI using factor analysis. This variable was subsequently categorized into quartiles separately for rural and urban areas, and then combined into a single variable.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Children, 2013-2014

Survey type:Measured
Age:5-13
Sample size:2801
Area covered:National
References:Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Doris Alvarez-Dongo, Paula Espinoza-Oriundo. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Peruvian primary school children. Rev. salud pública 20 (2) Mar-Apr 2018 ¬ï https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.V20n2.68082
Notes:WHO Cut Off Points Used
Cutoffs:WHO
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Children, 2009

Survey type:Measured
Age:7-8
Sample size:1737
Area covered:National
References:Preston EC, Ariana P, Penny ME, Frost M, Plugge E. Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and associated factors in Peru. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2015;38(6):472-8
Notes:Prevalence of overweight and obesity by Maternal Education. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was assessed using body mass index-for age Z-scores. The 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) international growth reference curves for children 5–19 years of age described by De Onis were used to compare children of the same age and gender. “Overweight” and “Obese” variables were defined as BMI-for-age Z-scores of ≥ 1 and ≥ 2, respectively.
Cutoffs:WHO
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Insufficient physical activity

Children, 2016

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:11-17
References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
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Boys, 2016

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:11-17
References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
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Girls, 2016

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:11-17
References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
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Children, 2010

Age:11-17
References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Notes:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
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Boys, 2010

Age:11-17
References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Notes:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
Download graph Add to chartbuilder Add to custom PDF

Girls, 2010

Age:11-17
References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Notes:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
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Average daily frequency of carbonated soft drink consumption

Children, 2009-2015

Survey type:Measured
Age:12-17
References:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
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Estimated per capita fruit intake

Adults, 2017

Survey type:Measured
Age:25+
References:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions:Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day)
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Prevalence of less than daily fruit consumption

Children, 2009-2015

Survey type:Measured
Age:12-17
References:Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Definitions:Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption)
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Prevalence of less than daily vegetable consumption

Children, 2009-2015

Survey type:Measured
Age:12-17
References:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Definitions:Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption)
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Average weekly frequency of fast food consumption

Children, 2009-2015

Age:12-17
References:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
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Estimated per-capita processed meat intake

Adults, 2017

Survey type:Measured
Age:25+
References:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions:Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day)
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Estimated per capita whole grains intake

Adults, 2017

Survey type:Measured
Age:25+
References:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions:Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day)
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Mental health - depression disorders

Adults, 2015

References:Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definitions:% of population with depression disorders
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Mental health - anxiety disorders

Adults, 2015

References:Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definitions:% of population with anxiety disorders
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% Infants exclusively breastfed 0-5 months

Children, 1998-2019

Area covered:National
References:Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar-ENDES 2019 Nacional y Departamental
Notes:See UNICEF website for further survey information. Available at : https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/infant-young-child-feeding/ (last accessed 28.9.21) Citation: United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2021). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, September 2021.
Definitions:% exclusively breastfed 0-5 months
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Oesophageal cancer

Men, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2281
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2281
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Breast cancer

Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2281
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Colorectal cancer

Men, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2281
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2281
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Pancreatic cancer

Men, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2281
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2281
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Gallbladder cancer

Men, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2281
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2281
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Kidney cancer

Men, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2281
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2281
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Cancer of the uterus

Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2281
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Raised blood pressure

Adults, 2015

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions:Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).
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Men, 2015

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions:Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).
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Women, 2015

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions:Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).
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Raised cholesterol

Adults, 2008

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions:% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).
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Men, 2008

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions:% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).
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Women, 2008

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions:% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).
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Raised fasting blood glucose

Men, 2014

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definitions:Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).
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Women, 2014

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definitions:Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).
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Diabetes prevalence

Adults, 2021

Age:20-79
Area covered:National
References:Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation.  IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definitions:Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, %
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Adults, 2019

Age:20-79
References:Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definitions:Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).
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Adults, 2017

References:Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definitions:Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).
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Economic impact of overweight and obesity

Country comparisons

You can choose to compare this country’s data with the data for up to four other countries.

Policies, Interventions and Actions

Abordaje Nutricional Para La Prevencion y control del sobrepeso y la obesidad tipo de la persona joven, adulta y adulta major (only available in Spanish)

Only available in Spanish

Categories (partial):Evidence of Management/treatment guidelines
Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):2023 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:Ministry of Health
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Trujillo Aspilcueta, Henry; Lázaro Serrano, Mirko Luis (Instituto Nacional de Salud PE, 2023) Abordaje Nutricional Para La Prevencion y control del sobrepeso y la obesidad tipo de la persona joven, adulta y adulta major. Minesterio de Salude 2023

Guías alimentarias para la población Peruana

The National Center for Food and Nutrition within the National Health Institute has developed the FBDGs. The development process also involved the participation of representatives from public entities, academia, professional associations and research institutions, as well as the technical support from FAO. (Available only in Spanish language)

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):2019 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:National Center for Food and Nutrition
Linked document:Download linked document
References:https://www.fao.org/nutrition/education/food-dietary-guidelines/regions/countries/peru/en/

Resolución Ministerial N° 195-2019/MINSA Aprueban el Documento Técnico: Lineamientos para la promoción y protección de la alimentación saludable en las instituciones Educativas Públicas y Privadas de la educación básica [School food guidelines]

National mandatory standards for food available in schools. (Available only in Spanish language)

Categories:Evidence of School Food Regulations
Year(s):2019 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Organisation:Ministry of Health
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/node/43617 (last accessed 16.08.22)

Supreme Decree No. 012-2018-SA Law for the promotion of healthy eating for children and adolescents

Supreme Decree No. 012-2018-SA Government approve the Manual of Advertising Warnings within the framework of the provisions of Law No. 30021, Law for the promotion of healthy eating for children and adolescents, and its Regulations approved by Supreme Decree No. 017-2017-SA

Categories:Taxation/Subsidies on Food or Beverages or law relating to public health
Categories (partial):Evidence of Marketing Guidelines/Policy
Year(s):2019 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Organisation:Government of Peru
Find out more:www.gob.pe

Supreme Decree No. 033-2016-SA (the process of gradual reduction until the elimination of trans fats)

Measures to limit or virtually eliminate industrially-produced trans fatty acids in food intended for the final consumer and/or for supply to retail. All natural and legal persons who market, import, supply and manufacture processed food and non-alcoholic beverages shall gradually adjust the elimination of the trans fat content according to the following parameters and deadlines: 6.1.- Within a period of up to 18 months from the entry into force of the Regulation, the use and/or content of trans fats shall not exceed: (a) Fats, vegetable oils and margarines: 2 g of trans fatty acids per 100 g or 100 ml of fat b) Other industrially processed food and non-alcoholic beverages: 5 g of trans fatty acids per 100 g or 100 ml of fat 6.2.- For the purposes of eliminating the use and / or content of trans fat, it is established that within a period of 54 months, counted from the validity of this Regulation, the use and content of trans fats that come from partial hydrogenation in any food and processed non-alcoholic beverage will be eliminated. 6.3.- In the case of products containing trans fats of technological origin other than partial hydrogenation, the Health Authority at the national level will only grant the corresponding authorization, provided that it is demonstrated based on scientific and technological evidence, that the trans fat content has been reduced to the maximum possible in accordance with the technology used for its processing and there is no technological substitution for total elimination, the limit of trans fat content may not be exceeded: 2g of trans fatty acids per 100g or 100 ml of fat, exceptionally, in order to allow their gradual elimination in accordance with technological progress. (Available only in Spanish language)

Categories:Evidence of Marketing Guidelines/Policy
Year(s):2018 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/node/25341 (last accessed 16.08.22)

Norma Técnica Peruana NTP 209.652.2017 ALIMENTOS ENVASADOS. Etiquetado nutricional. PACKED FOODS. Labelling nutrition. 3a Edición

Mandatory national labelling guidelines for packaged foods and drinks in place. (Available only in Spanish language)

Categories:Labelling Regulation/Guidelines
Year(s):2017 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/node/59286 (last accessed 10.08.22)

Decreto supremo No.007-2015-SA

Peru President signs Executive Decree defining nutrient profile of processed foods and beverages that should be used to implement a 2-yr old Food Law. Pages: 859-861

Categories:Taxation/Subsidies on Food or Beverages or law relating to public health
Year(s):2015 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:Ministry of Health
Find out more:larepublica.pe
Linked document:Download linked document

Health Directive No. 063 "Promotion of Healthy Kiosks and School Canteens

Specific provisions for the management, the process of health education in healthy eating, communication and dissemination of kiosks and school canteens at the national, regional and local levels

Categories:Taxation/Subsidies on Food or Beverages or law relating to public health
Year(s):2015 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Organisation:Government
Linked document:Download linked document

National Strategy for Food and Nutrition Security 2013 - 2021

Comprehensive Physical Activity strategy / plan including overweight/obesity. (Available only in Spanish language)

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):2013-2021
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:Comisión Multisectorial De Seguridad Alimentaria Y Nutricional
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/node/23168 (last accessed 15.08.22)

Promoting Healthy Food for Children Act Law 30021

Law that encourages healthy eating in children

Categories:Taxation/Subsidies on Food or Beverages or law relating to public health
Year(s):2013 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Organisation:Government
Find out more:elperuano.pe

GNPR 2016-17 (q7) Breastfeeeding promotion and/or counselling

WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2016-2017 reported the evidence of breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling (q7)

Categories:Evidence of Breastfeeding promotion or related activity
Target age group:Adults
Organisation:Ministry of Health (information provided by the GINA progam)
Find out more:extranet.who.int
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en

Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes: National Implementation of the International Code Status Report 2016 (Promotion of Breastfeeding)

The 2016 report provides information on the status of implementing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly resolutions (“the Code”) in and by countries. The report also identifies in which countries they actively promote the benefits of breastfeeding.

Categories:Evidence of Breastfeeding promotion or related activity
Target age group:Adults
Organisation:WHO UNICEF IBFAN
References:WHO. UNICEF. IBFAN. Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: National Implementation of the International Code. Status Report 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016

Sugar Tax in Peru

25% tax on sugar beverages with > 6g sugar per 100ml

Categories:Taxation/Subsidies on Food or Beverages or law relating to public health
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:Ministry of Health, Peru
Find out more:www.gob.pe
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Supreme Decree No. 091-2018-EF, Ministry of Health Peru, see link below

No actions could be found for the above criteria.

Contextual factors

Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.

Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.

Labelling

Is there mandatory nutrition labelling?Present
Front-of-package labelling?Present
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration?Present
Color coding?Absent
Warning label?Present

Regulation and marketing

Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products?Present
Tax on unhealthy foods?Absent
Tax on unhealthy drinks?Present
Are there fiscal policies on healthy products?Absent
Subsidy on fruits?Absent
Subsidy on vegetables?Absent
Subsidy on other healthy products?Absent
Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)?Present
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? Present
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? Unknown
Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?Present
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media?Present
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media?Present
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?Absent
Are there mandatory standards for food in schools?Present
Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products?Absent
Nutrition standards for public sector procurement?Absent

Political will and support

National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy?Absent
National obesity strategy?Absent
National childhood obesity strategy?Absent
Comprehensive nutrition strategy?Present
Comprehensive physical activity strategy?Absent
Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs?Present
National target(s) on reducing obesity?Absent
Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment?Absent
Promotion of breastfeeding?Present

Monitoring and surveillance

Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors?Present
Within 5 years?Absent

Governance and resource

Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)?Unknown

Key

Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown

Last updated February 6, 2023

See more policies here

Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions

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