Malawi
Low income
- Oversigt
- Fedmeprævalens
- Tendenser over tid
- Contextual factors
Indlæser data – vent venligst
National fedmerisiko *7/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Risiko for fedme i barndommen *3/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Report cards
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Befolkningsfordeling
Chauffører
Komorbiditet
Økonomisk indvirkning
Politikker
Contextual factors
Fedmeprævalens
Kvinder, 2024
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 20-49 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 7,216 |
| Area covered: | National |
| Referencer: | National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi, Utica International, and ICF. 2026. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2024: Final Report. Zomba, Malawi, Columbia, Maryland, USA, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF, Utica International, and NSO. Available at https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR398/FR398.pdf. [Accessed 04.02.26] |
| Medmindre andet er angivet, henviser overvægt til en BMI på mellem 25 kg og 29,9 kg/m², fedme henviser til en BMI på mere end 30 kg/m². | |
Voksne, 2017
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 18-69 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 4206 |
| Area covered: | National |
| Referencer: | Malawi National STEPwise Survey for Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors 2017 Report. https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/629/download/5770 (Accessed 12.10.21) |
| Medmindre andet er angivet, henviser overvægt til en BMI på mellem 25 kg og 29,9 kg/m², fedme henviser til en BMI på mere end 30 kg/m². | |
Voksne, 2016
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 18+ |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 28891 |
| Area covered: | Regional |
| Referencer: | Price AJ, Crampin AC, Amberbir A et al. Prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, and cascade of care in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional, population-based study in rural and urban Malawi.Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Jan 19. pii: S2213-8587(17)30432-1. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30432-1. [Epub ahead of print] |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | Karonga District and Lilongwe city. NB. Combined adult data estimated. These estimates were calculated by weighting male and female survey results. Weighting based on World Bank Population % total female 2019 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS - accessed 08.10.20)' |
| Medmindre andet er angivet, henviser overvægt til en BMI på mellem 25 kg og 29,9 kg/m², fedme henviser til en BMI på mere end 30 kg/m². | |
Voksne, 2015-2016
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 5-14 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 783 |
| Area covered: | National |
| Referencer: | National Statistical Office (NSO), Community Health Sciences Unit (CHSU) [Malawi], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Emory University, 2017. Malawi Micronutrient Survey 2015-16. Atlanta, GA, USA: NSO, CHSU, CDC and Emory University. Available at: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR319/FR319.m.final.pdf [Accessed 04.02.26] |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | Small sample size <1000 |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
| Medmindre andet er angivet, henviser overvægt til en BMI på mellem 25 kg og 29,9 kg/m², fedme henviser til en BMI på mere end 30 kg/m². | |
Kvinder, 2015-2016
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 15-49 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 7180 |
| Area covered: | National |
| Referencer: | National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi: NSO and ICF. |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59. |
| Medmindre andet er angivet, henviser overvægt til en BMI på mellem 25 kg og 29,9 kg/m², fedme henviser til en BMI på mere end 30 kg/m². | |
Kvinder, 2010
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 15-49 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 6684 |
| Area covered: | National |
| Referencer: | National Statistical Office (NSO) and ICF Macro. 2011. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Zomba, Malawi, and Calverton, Maryland, USA: NSO and ICF Macro. |
| Medmindre andet er angivet, henviser overvægt til en BMI på mellem 25 kg og 29,9 kg/m², fedme henviser til en BMI på mere end 30 kg/m². | |
Voksne, 2009
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 25-64 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 4845 |
| Area covered: | National |
| Referencer: | NCD STEPS 2009. Msyamboza KP, Kathyola D, Dzowela T. Anthropometric measurements and prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in adult Malawians: nationwide population based NCD STEPS survey. Pan African Medical Journal. 2013; 15:108. doi:10.11604/pamj.2013.15.108.2622 http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/15/108/full/ accessed 26th Nov 2013 |
| Medmindre andet er angivet, henviser overvægt til en BMI på mellem 25 kg og 29,9 kg/m², fedme henviser til en BMI på mere end 30 kg/m². | |
Kvinder, 2004
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 15-49 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 9280 |
| Area covered: | National |
| Referencer: | National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ORC Macro. 2005. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2004. Calverton, Maryland: NSO/Malawi and ORC Macro. |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59. |
| Medmindre andet er angivet, henviser overvægt til en BMI på mellem 25 kg og 29,9 kg/m², fedme henviser til en BMI på mere end 30 kg/m². | |
Kvinder, 2000
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 15-49 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 6489 |
| Referencer: | SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 |
| Medmindre andet er angivet, henviser overvægt til en BMI på mellem 25 kg og 29,9 kg/m², fedme henviser til en BMI på mere end 30 kg/m². | |
Kvinder, 1992
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 15-49 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 2323 |
| Referencer: | Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | The data from this paper was sourced from the Demographic Health Survey Programme https://dhsprogram.com/ Central Statistical Office and Macro International. Calverton, Maryland, USA |
| Medmindre andet er angivet, henviser overvægt til en BMI på mellem 25 kg og 29,9 kg/m², fedme henviser til en BMI på mere end 30 kg/m². | |
Piger, 2024
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 15-19 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 1,827 |
| Area covered: | National |
| Referencer: | National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi, Utica International, and ICF. 2026. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2024: Final Report. Zomba, Malawi, Columbia, Maryland, USA, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF, Utica International, and NSO. Available at https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR398/FR398.pdf. [Accessed 04.02.26] |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Piger, 2015-2016
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 15-19 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 1294 |
| Area covered: | National |
| Referencer: | Benedict, Rukundo K., Allison Schmale, and Sorrel Namaste. 2018. Adolescent Nutrition 2000-2017: DHS Data on Adolescents Age 15-19. DHS Comparative Report No. 47. Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF. National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi: NSO and ICF. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | BMI for age: between +1 SD and +2 SD is overweight and greater than +2 SD is obesity |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Børn, 2009
| Undersøgelsestype: | Selvrapporteret |
| Alder: | 13-15 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 2359 |
| Area covered: | National |
| Referencer: | Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/Malawi_2009_FS.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 24.11.20) |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
0-5 years, 2020
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 2142 |
| Referencer: | SMART: Report of the Round 7 Nutrition SMART Surveys Conducted in the Flood- and Drought- Prone Livelihood Zones of Malawi |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2019-2020
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 2273291 |
| Area covered: | National |
| Referencer: | Malawi Fifth Integrated Household Survey 2019-2020 |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight estimates: National and Disaggregated, July 2025, New York. Weighted sample size. For more information, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme/. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Cutoffs: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2019-2020
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 14990 |
| Referencer: | MICS: Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019-20, Survey Findings Report. Zomba, Malawi: National Statistical Office |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2019
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 3592 |
| Referencer: | SMART: Report of the Seven Nutrition Surveys Conducted in Flood Affected Livelihood Zones of Malawi - Assessment Period June - July 2019 |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2018
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 3205 |
| Referencer: | SMART: Report of the Seven Nutrition Surveys Conducted in Flood Affected Livelihood Zones of Malawi - Assessment Period January - February 2018 |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2017
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 3494 |
| Referencer: | SMART: Report of the Seven Nutrition Surveys Conducted in Flood Affected Livelihood Zones of Malawi - Assessment Period May 2017 |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2016
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 3620 |
| Referencer: | SMART: Report of the Seven Nutrition Surveys Conducted in Flood Affected Livelihood Zones of Malawi - Assessment Period November - December 2016 |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2015-2016
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 1193131264 |
| Referencer: | Other: Malawi Micronutrient Survey 2015-16. Atlanta, GA, USA: NSO, CHSU, CDC and Emory University |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2013-2014
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 18204 |
| Referencer: | MICS: Malawi MDG endline survey 2014. Final Report. Zomba, Malawi: National Statistical Office, 2014. |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2010
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 4939 |
| Referencer: | DHS: Malawi demographic and health survey 2010. Demographic and Health Surveys. Zomba, Malawi, and Calverton, Maryland, USA: NSO and ICF Macro. 2011 |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2009
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Referencer: | Other: The national micronutrient survey 2009. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health, UNICEF, Irish Aid and CDC, 2011. |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2006
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 21420 |
| Referencer: | MICS: Malawi multiple indicator cluster survey 2006, Final report. Lilongwe, Malawi: National Statistical Office and UNICEF, 2008. |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2004-2005
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 8811 |
| Referencer: | DHS: Malawi demographic and health survey 2004. Demographic and Health Surveys. Calverton, Maryland: NSO and ORC Macro, 2005 |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2002
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 1628907 |
| Referencer: | CWIQ: Malawi 2002 Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire Survey |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2000
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 10276 |
| Referencer: | DHS: Malawi demographic and health survey 2000. Demographic and Health Surveys. Zomba, Malawi and Calverton, Maryland, USA: National Statistical Office and ORC Macro, 2001 |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 1997-1998
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 803937 |
| Referencer: | LSMS: A relative profile of poverty in Malawi, 1998: A quintile-based poverty analysis of the Malawi integrated household survey, 1997-98. Poverty Monitoring System. |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 1992
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Alder: | 0-5 |
| Prøvens størrelse: | 3290 |
| Area covered: | National |
| Referencer: | DHS: Malawi demographic and health survey 1992. Demographic and Health Surveys. National Statistics Office. Zomba, Malawi, 1993 |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definitioner (kun tilgængelig på engelsk): | =>+2SD |
| Cutoffs: | =>+2SD |
% Adults living with obesity in Malawi 1992-2015
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Referencer: | 1992: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 2000: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2004: National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ORC Macro. 2005. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2004. Calverton, Maryland: NSO/Malawi and ORC Macro. 2010: National Statistical Office (NSO) and ICF Macro. 2011. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Zomba, Malawi, and Calverton, Maryland, USA: NSO and ICF Macro. 2015: National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi: NSO and ICF. |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | Adults aged 15-49 |
| Medmindre andet er angivet, henviser overvægt til en BMI på mellem 25 kg og 29,9 kg/m², fedme henviser til en BMI på mere end 30 kg/m². | |
| Forskellige metoder kan have været brugt til at indsamle disse data, og data fra forskellige undersøgelser er muligvis ikke helt sammenlignelige. Kontroller de originale datakilder for anvendte metoder | |
% Adults living with overweight or obesity in Malawi 1992-2015
| Undersøgelsestype: | Målt |
| Referencer: | 1992: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 2000: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2004: National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ORC Macro. 2005. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2004. Calverton, Maryland: NSO/Malawi and ORC Macro. 2010: National Statistical Office (NSO) and ICF Macro. 2011. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Zomba, Malawi, and Calverton, Maryland, USA: NSO and ICF Macro. 2015: National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi: NSO and ICF. |
| Noter (kun tilgængelige på engelsk): | Adults aged 15-49 |
| Medmindre andet er angivet, henviser overvægt til en BMI på mellem 25 kg og 29,9 kg/m², fedme henviser til en BMI på mere end 30 kg/m². | |
| Forskellige metoder kan have været brugt til at indsamle disse data, og data fra forskellige undersøgelser er muligvis ikke helt sammenlignelige. Kontroller de originale datakilder for anvendte metoder | |
