Malawi
Low income
- Přehled
- Prevalence obezity
- Trendy v průběhu času
- Contextual factors
Načítání dat – čekejte prosím
Riziko národnà obezity *7/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Riziko dětské obezity *3/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Report cards
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Faktory
Komorbidity
Rakovina jícnu
Rakovina prsu
Rakovina tlustého střeva a konečníku
Rakovina slinivky břišní
Rakovina žlučníku
Rakovina ledvin
Rakovina dělohy
Zvýšený krevní tlak
Zvýšený cholesterol
Zvýšená hladina glukózy v krvi nalačno
Prevalence diabetu
Ovarian Cancer
Leukemia
Liver & bile duct cancer
Mulitple Myeloma
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
Thyroid Cancer
Ekonomický dopad
Zásady (k dispozici pouze v angličtině)
Contextual factors
Prevalence obezity
Ženy, 2024
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 20-49 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 7,216 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Národnà |
| Reference: | National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi, Utica International, and ICF. 2026. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2024: Final Report. Zomba, Malawi, Columbia, Maryland, USA, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF, Utica International, and NSO. Available at https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR398/FR398.pdf. [Accessed 04.02.26] |
| Pokud nenà uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyššà než 30 kg/m². | |
DospÄ›lÃ, 2017
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 18-69 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 4206 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Národnà |
| Reference: | Malawi National STEPwise Survey for Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors 2017 Report. https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/629/download/5770 (Accessed 12.10.21) |
| Pokud nenà uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyššà než 30 kg/m². | |
DospÄ›lÃ, 2016
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 18+ |
| Velikost vzorku: | 28891 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Regionálnà |
| Reference: | Price AJ, Crampin AC, Amberbir A et al. Prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, and cascade of care in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional, population-based study in rural and urban Malawi.Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Jan 19. pii: S2213-8587(17)30432-1. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30432-1. [Epub ahead of print] |
| Poznámky: | Karonga District and Lilongwe city. NB. Combined adult data estimated. These estimates were calculated by weighting male and female survey results. Weighting based on World Bank Population % total female 2019 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS - accessed 08.10.20)' |
| Pokud nenà uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyššà než 30 kg/m². | |
DospÄ›lÃ, 2015-2016
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 5-14 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 783 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Národnà |
| Reference: | National Statistical Office (NSO), Community Health Sciences Unit (CHSU) [Malawi], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Emory University, 2017. Malawi Micronutrient Survey 2015-16. Atlanta, GA, USA: NSO, CHSU, CDC and Emory University. Available at: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR319/FR319.m.final.pdf [Accessed 04.02.26] |
| Poznámky: | Small sample size <1000 |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
| Pokud nenà uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyššà než 30 kg/m². | |
Ženy, 2015-2016
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 15-49 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 7180 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Národnà |
| Reference: | National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi: NSO and ICF. |
| Poznámky: | Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59. |
| Pokud nenà uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyššà než 30 kg/m². | |
Ženy, 2010
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 15-49 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 6684 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Národnà |
| Reference: | National Statistical Office (NSO) and ICF Macro. 2011. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Zomba, Malawi, and Calverton, Maryland, USA: NSO and ICF Macro. |
| Pokud nenà uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyššà než 30 kg/m². | |
DospÄ›lÃ, 2009
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 25-64 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 4845 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Národnà |
| Reference: | NCD STEPS 2009. Msyamboza KP, Kathyola D, Dzowela T. Anthropometric measurements and prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in adult Malawians: nationwide population based NCD STEPS survey. Pan African Medical Journal. 2013; 15:108. doi:10.11604/pamj.2013.15.108.2622 http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/15/108/full/ accessed 26th Nov 2013 |
| Pokud nenà uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyššà než 30 kg/m². | |
Ženy, 2004
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 15-49 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 9280 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Národnà |
| Reference: | National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ORC Macro. 2005. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2004. Calverton, Maryland: NSO/Malawi and ORC Macro. |
| Poznámky: | Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59. |
| Pokud nenà uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyššà než 30 kg/m². | |
Ženy, 2000
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 15-49 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 6489 |
| Reference: | SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 |
| Pokud nenà uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyššà než 30 kg/m². | |
Ženy, 1992
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 15-49 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 2323 |
| Reference: | Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 |
| Poznámky: | The data from this paper was sourced from the Demographic Health Survey Programme https://dhsprogram.com/ Central Statistical Office and Macro International. Calverton, Maryland, USA |
| Pokud nenà uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyššà než 30 kg/m². | |
DÃvky, 2024
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 15-19 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 1,827 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Národnà |
| Reference: | National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi, Utica International, and ICF. 2026. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2024: Final Report. Zomba, Malawi, Columbia, Maryland, USA, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF, Utica International, and NSO. Available at https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR398/FR398.pdf. [Accessed 04.02.26] |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
DÃvky, 2015-2016
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 15-19 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 1294 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Národnà |
| Reference: | Benedict, Rukundo K., Allison Schmale, and Sorrel Namaste. 2018. Adolescent Nutrition 2000-2017: DHS Data on Adolescents Age 15-19. DHS Comparative Report No. 47. Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF. National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi: NSO and ICF. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | BMI for age: between +1 SD and +2 SD is overweight and greater than +2 SD is obesity |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Děti, 2009
| Typ průzkumu: | Samonahlášený |
| Věk: | 13-15 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 2359 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Národnà |
| Reference: | Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/Malawi_2009_FS.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 24.11.20) |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
0-5 years, 2020
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 2142 |
| Reference: | SMART: Report of the Round 7 Nutrition SMART Surveys Conducted in the Flood- and Drought- Prone Livelihood Zones of Malawi |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2019-2020
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 2273291 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Národnà |
| Reference: | Malawi Fifth Integrated Household Survey 2019-2020 |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight estimates: National and Disaggregated, July 2025, New York. Weighted sample size. For more information, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme/. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Cutoffs: | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2019
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 3592 |
| Reference: | SMART: Report of the Seven Nutrition Surveys Conducted in Flood Affected Livelihood Zones of Malawi - Assessment Period June - July 2019 |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2019-2020
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 14990 |
| Reference: | MICS: Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019-20, Survey Findings Report. Zomba, Malawi: National Statistical Office |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2018
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 3205 |
| Reference: | SMART: Report of the Seven Nutrition Surveys Conducted in Flood Affected Livelihood Zones of Malawi - Assessment Period January - February 2018 |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2017
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 3494 |
| Reference: | SMART: Report of the Seven Nutrition Surveys Conducted in Flood Affected Livelihood Zones of Malawi - Assessment Period May 2017 |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2016
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 3620 |
| Reference: | SMART: Report of the Seven Nutrition Surveys Conducted in Flood Affected Livelihood Zones of Malawi - Assessment Period November - December 2016 |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2015-2016
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 1193131264 |
| Reference: | Other: Malawi Micronutrient Survey 2015-16. Atlanta, GA, USA: NSO, CHSU, CDC and Emory University |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2013-2014
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 18204 |
| Reference: | MICS: Malawi MDG endline survey 2014. Final Report. Zomba, Malawi: National Statistical Office, 2014. |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2010
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 4939 |
| Reference: | DHS: Malawi demographic and health survey 2010. Demographic and Health Surveys. Zomba, Malawi, and Calverton, Maryland, USA: NSO and ICF Macro. 2011 |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2009
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Reference: | Other: The national micronutrient survey 2009. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health, UNICEF, Irish Aid and CDC, 2011. |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2006
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 21420 |
| Reference: | MICS: Malawi multiple indicator cluster survey 2006, Final report. Lilongwe, Malawi: National Statistical Office and UNICEF, 2008. |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2004-2005
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 8811 |
| Reference: | DHS: Malawi demographic and health survey 2004. Demographic and Health Surveys. Calverton, Maryland: NSO and ORC Macro, 2005 |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2002
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 1628907 |
| Reference: | CWIQ: Malawi 2002 Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire Survey |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2000
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 10276 |
| Reference: | DHS: Malawi demographic and health survey 2000. Demographic and Health Surveys. Zomba, Malawi and Calverton, Maryland, USA: National Statistical Office and ORC Macro, 2001 |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 1997-1998
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 803937 |
| Reference: | LSMS: A relative profile of poverty in Malawi, 1998: A quintile-based poverty analysis of the Malawi integrated household survey, 1997-98. Poverty Monitoring System. |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 1992
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Věk: | 0-5 |
| Velikost vzorku: | 3290 |
| Pokrytá oblast: | Národnà |
| Reference: | DHS: Malawi demographic and health survey 1992. Demographic and Health Surveys. National Statistics Office. Zomba, Malawi, 1993 |
| Poznámky: | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definice (k dispozici pouze v angliÄtinÄ›): | =>+2SD |
| Cutoffs: | =>+2SD |
% Adults living with obesity in Malawi 1992-2015
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Reference: | 1992: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 2000: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2004: National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ORC Macro. 2005. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2004. Calverton, Maryland: NSO/Malawi and ORC Macro. 2010: National Statistical Office (NSO) and ICF Macro. 2011. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Zomba, Malawi, and Calverton, Maryland, USA: NSO and ICF Macro. 2015: National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi: NSO and ICF. |
| Poznámky: | Adults aged 15-49 |
| Pokud není uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyšší než 30 kg/m². | |
| Ke shromažďování těchto údajů mohly být použity různé metodiky, a proto nemusí být údaje z různých průzkumů vždy plně srovnatelné. Použité metodiky viz původní zdroje údajů | |
% Adults living with overweight or obesity in Malawi 1992-2015
| Typ průzkumu: | Naměřené |
| Reference: | 1992: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 2000: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2004: National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ORC Macro. 2005. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2004. Calverton, Maryland: NSO/Malawi and ORC Macro. 2010: National Statistical Office (NSO) and ICF Macro. 2011. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Zomba, Malawi, and Calverton, Maryland, USA: NSO and ICF Macro. 2015: National Statistical Office - NSO/Malawi and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi: NSO and ICF. |
| Poznámky: | Adults aged 15-49 |
| Pokud není uvedeno jinak, nadváha znamená BMI mezi 25 a 29,9 kg/m², obezita znamená BMI vyšší než 30 kg/m². | |
| Ke shromažďování těchto údajů mohly být použity různé metodiky, a proto nemusí být údaje z různých průzkumů vždy plně srovnatelné. Použité metodiky viz původní zdroje údajů | |
