Kiribati
- Overzicht
- Obesitasprevalentie
- Verdeling van de bevolking
- Chauffeurs
- Comorbiditeiten
- Beleid (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels)
- Contextual factors
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Nationaal risico op obesitas *8/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Risico op obesitas bij kinderen *10,5/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Obesitasprevalentie
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Het rapport bevat alle meest recente afbeeldingen voor dit land. Als u een aangepast rapport wilt maken op basis van geselecteerde afbeeldingen, tikt u gewoon op de knop Toevoegen aan aangepaste PDF onder de afbeeldingen die u wilt gebruiken.Verdeling van de bevolking
Chauffeurs
Onvoldoende activiteit
Consumptie van frisdrank
Fruitconsumptie
Groenteconsumptie
Consumptie van fast food
Consumptie verwerkt vlees
Graanverbruik
Depressie
Angst
Oorzaken van zwaarlijvigheid »
Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.Borstvoeding
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Comorbiditeiten
Beleid (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels)
Contextual factors
Obesitasprevalentie
Volwassenen, 2018
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Leeftijd: | 18+ |
Monstergrootte: | 483 |
In aanmerking komend gebied: | South Tarawa and Butaritari |
Referenties: | Eme, P. E., et al. “Obesity Measures in the Kiribati Population: A Need to Reclassify Body Mass Index Cut-Points.” BMC Public Health, vol. 20, no. 1, 11 July 2020, 10.1186/s12889-020-09217-z. |
Tenzij anders vermeld, verwijst overgewicht naar een BMI tussen 25 kg en 29,9 kg/m², obesitas verwijst naar een BMI van meer dan 30 kg/m². |
Volwassenen, 2015-2016
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Leeftijd: | 18-69 |
Monstergrootte: | 1247 |
In aanmerking komend gebied: | Nationaal |
Referenties: | Kiribati STEPS Survey 2015-16 (Factsheet or Report available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/kiribati/en/ Last accessed 09.10.20) |
Tenzij anders vermeld, verwijst overgewicht naar een BMI tussen 25 kg en 29,9 kg/m², obesitas verwijst naar een BMI van meer dan 30 kg/m². |
Volwassenen, 2004-2006
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Leeftijd: | 15-64 |
Monstergrootte: | 1755 |
In aanmerking komend gebied: | Nationaal |
Referenties: | Kiribati STEPS Survey 2004-6 |
Tenzij anders vermeld, verwijst overgewicht naar een BMI tussen 25 kg en 29,9 kg/m², obesitas verwijst naar een BMI van meer dan 30 kg/m². |
Kinderen, 2011
Type onderzoek: | Zelfgerapporteerd |
Leeftijd: | 13-17 |
Monstergrootte: | 1582 |
In aanmerking komend gebied: | Nationaal |
Referenties: | Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2011_GSHS_FS_Kiribati.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 14.12.20) ) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Infants, 2018-2019
Leeftijd: | 0-5 |
Monstergrootte: | 2143 |
Referenties: | MICS: Kiribati 2018-2019 Social Development Indicator Survey |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2018-2019
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Leeftijd: | 0-5 |
Monstergrootte: | 2143 |
In aanmerking komend gebied: | Nationaal |
Referenties: | Kiribati National Statistics Office. 2019. Kiribati Social Development Indicator Survey 2018-19, Survey Findings Report. South Tarawa, Kiribati: National Statistics Office. https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/East%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific/Kiribati/2018-2019/Survey%20findings/Kiribati%20MICS%20SDIS%202018-19%20Survey%20Findings%20Report_English.pdf (Accessed 15.06.21) |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Infants. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Weight for Height. Overweight = 2SD-3SD, Obesity = > 3SD |
Cutoffs: | Other |
Infants, 1985
Leeftijd: | 0-5 |
Monstergrootte: | 2941 |
Referenties: | NNS: National nutrition survey, 1985. Government of Kiribati. South Tarawa, Republic of Kiribati, 1990 |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | =>+2SD |
Overgewicht/obesitas, naar opleiding
Infants, 2018-2019
Monstergrootte: | 2143 |
Referenties: | MICS: Kiribati 2018-2019 Social Development Indicator Survey |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | =>+2SD |
Overgewicht / obesitas, naar leeftijd
Volwassenen, 2015-2016
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Monstergrootte: | 1247 |
In aanmerking komend gebied: | Nationaal |
Referenties: | Kiribati STEPS Survey Report 2015-16 (available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2015-2016_Kiribati_STEPS_report.pdf?ua=1 last accessed 09.10.20) |
Tenzij anders vermeld, verwijst overgewicht naar een BMI tussen 25 kg en 29,9 kg/m², obesitas verwijst naar een BMI van meer dan 30 kg/m². |
Overgewicht / obesitas, per regio
Volwassenen, 2018
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Leeftijd: | 18+ |
Monstergrootte: | 483 |
In aanmerking komend gebied: | South Tarawa and Butaritari |
Referenties: | Eme, P. E., et al. “Obesity Measures in the Kiribati Population: A Need to Reclassify Body Mass Index Cut-Points.” BMC Public Health, vol. 20, no. 1, 11 July 2020, 10.1186/s12889-020-09217-z. |
Tenzij anders vermeld, verwijst overgewicht naar een BMI tussen 25 kg en 29,9 kg/m², obesitas verwijst naar een BMI van meer dan 30 kg/m². |
Infants, 2018-2019
Monstergrootte: | 2143 |
Referenties: | MICS: Kiribati 2018-2019 Social Development Indicator Survey |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | =>+2SD |
Infants, 2018-2019
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Monstergrootte: | 2143 |
In aanmerking komend gebied: | Nationaal |
Referenties: | Kiribati National Statistics Office. 2019. Kiribati Social Development Indicator Survey 2018-19, Survey Findings Report. South Tarawa, Kiribati: National Statistics Office. https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/East%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific/Kiribati/2018-2019/Survey%20findings/Kiribati%20MICS%20SDIS%202018-19%20Survey%20Findings%20Report_English.pdf (Accessed 15.06.21) |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Infants. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Weight for Height. Overweight = 2SD-3SD, Obesity = > 3SD |
Cutoffs: | Other |
Overgewicht/obesitas, naar socio-economische groep
Infants, 2018-2019
Monstergrootte: | 2143 |
Referenties: | MICS: Kiribati 2018-2019 Social Development Indicator Survey |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | =>+2SD |
Onvoldoende lichaamsbeweging
Volwassenen, 2016
Referenties: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Mannen, 2016
Referenties: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Vrouwen, 2016
Referenties: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Kinderen, 2016
Type onderzoek: | Zelfgerapporteerd |
Leeftijd: | 11-17 |
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Jongens, 2016
Type onderzoek: | Zelfgerapporteerd |
Leeftijd: | 11-17 |
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Meisjes, 2016
Type onderzoek: | Zelfgerapporteerd |
Leeftijd: | 11-17 |
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Kinderen, 2010
Leeftijd: | 11-17 |
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Jongens, 2010
Leeftijd: | 11-17 |
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Meisjes, 2010
Leeftijd: | 11-17 |
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Gemiddelde dagelijkse consumptie van koolzuurhoudende frisdranken
Kinderen, 2010-2015
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Leeftijd: | 12-17 |
Referenties: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Volwassenen, 2017
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Leeftijd: | 25+ |
Referenties: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day) |
Prevalentie van minder dan dagelijkse fruitconsumptie
Kinderen, 2010-2015
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Leeftijd: | 12-17 |
Referenties: | Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption) |
Prevalentie van minder dan dagelijkse groenteconsumptie
Kinderen, 2010-2015
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Leeftijd: | 12-17 |
Referenties: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption) |
Gemiddelde wekelijkse consumptie van fastfood
Kinderen, 2010-2015
Leeftijd: | 12-17 |
Referenties: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Geschatte consumptie van verwerkt vlees per capita
Volwassenen, 2017
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Leeftijd: | 25+ |
Referenties: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day) |
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Volwassenen, 2017
Type onderzoek: | Gemeten |
Leeftijd: | 25+ |
Referenties: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day) |
Geestelijke gezondheid - depressiestoornissen
Volwassenen, 2015
Referenties: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % of population with depression disorders |
Geestelijke gezondheid - angststoornissen
Volwassenen, 2015
Referenties: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % of population with anxiety disorders |
% Zuigelingen die uitsluitend borstvoeding krijgen 0-5 maanden
Infants, 2007-2022
Referenties: | Kiribati 2018-2019 Social Development Indicator Survey |
Notities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Full details are available. Original citation United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2023). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, October 2023. |
Verhoogde bloeddruk
Volwassenen, 2015
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Mannen, 2015
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Vrouwen, 2015
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Verhoogd cholesterol
Volwassenen, 2008
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Mannen, 2008
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Vrouwen, 2008
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Verhoogde nuchtere bloedglucose
Mannen, 2014
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Vrouwen, 2014
Referenties: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Diabetesprevalentie
Volwassenen, 2021
Leeftijd: | 20-79 |
In aanmerking komend gebied: | Nationaal |
Referenties: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % |
Volwassenen, 2019
Leeftijd: | 20-79 |
Referenties: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Volwassenen, 2017
Referenties: | Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Definities (alleen beschikbaar in het Engels): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Policies, Interventions and Actions
Contextual factors
Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.
Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.
Labelling
Is there mandatory nutrition labelling? | Absent |
Front-of-package labelling? | Absent |
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration? | Absent |
Color coding? | Absent |
Warning label? | Absent |
Regulation and marketing
Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products? | Present |
Tax on unhealthy foods? | Absent |
Tax on unhealthy drinks? | Present |
Are there fiscal policies on healthy products? | Absent |
Subsidy on fruits? | Absent |
Subsidy on vegetables? | Absent |
Subsidy on other healthy products? | Absent |
Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)? | Absent |
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media? | Absent |
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Are there mandatory standards for food in schools? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products? | Absent |
Nutrition standards for public sector procurement? | Absent |
Political will and support
National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy? | Absent |
National obesity strategy? | Absent |
National childhood obesity strategy? | Absent |
Comprehensive nutrition strategy? | Absent |
Comprehensive physical activity strategy? | Absent |
Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs? | Absent |
National target(s) on reducing obesity? | Present |
Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment? | Absent |
Promotion of breastfeeding? | Absent |
Monitoring and surveillance
Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors? | Present |
Within 5 years? | Present |
Governance and resource
Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)? | Absent |
Key
Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown
Last updated September 13, 2022
Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions