Commercial Determinants of Noncommunicable Diseases in the WHO European Region
This report highlights the substantial impact of commercial determinants on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the WHO European Region. Nearly 7500 deaths per day in the Region are attributed to commercial determinants, such as tobacco, alcohol, processed food, fossil fuels and occupational practices. These commercial products and practices contribute to 25% of all deaths in the Region. The report’s chapters systematically explore various facets of how commercial interests exacerbate NCDs and key strategies used by commercial actors to negatively influence NCD-related policies at the national and international level. The report also provides selected case studies from the Region to illustrate key strategies and outcomes of industry influence on health policies. The report then calls for urgent and coordinated action to address the commercial determinants of NCDs. It advocates for building coalitions based on the values of equity, sustainability, and resilience. Public health actors are urged to develop competencies in economic and legal frameworks, enforce transparency, and manage conflicts of interest effectively. The report underscores the need for robust financial reforms and strict regulation to curb industry power and protect public health. By implementing these strategies, the Region can accelerate progress towards global NCD targets and Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
| Categories: | Evidence of Marketing Guidelines/Policy |
| Year(s): | 2024 (ongoing) |
| Target age group: | Enfants et adultes |
| Organisation: | World Health Organisation (WHO) |
| Linked document: | Download linked document |
| References: | World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. (2024). Commercial Determinants of Noncommunicable Diseases in the WHO European Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/376957. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO |
Trans-fat policy
The content of trans fat, other than trans fat naturally occurring in fat of animal origin, in food intended for the final consumer and food intended for supply to retail, shall not exceed 2 grams per 100 grams of fat.
| Categories: | Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/Guidelines/Policy/Action plan |
| Year(s): | 2021 (ongoing) |
| Target age group: | Enfants et adultes |
| Organisation: | The content of trans fat, other than trans fat naturally occurring in fat of animal origin, in food intended for the final consumer and food intended for supply to retail, shall not exceed 2 grams per 100 grams of fat. |
| Find out more: | extranet.who.int |
| References: | Countdown to 2023: WHO report on global trans-fat elimination 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO |
European practical and patient-centred guidelines for adult obesity management in primary care
This article aims to provide obesity management guidelines specifically tailored to GPs, favouring a practical patient-centred approach. The focus is on GP communication and motivational interviewing as well as on therapeutic patient education. The new guidelines highlight the importance of avoiding stigmatization, something frequently seen in different health care settings. In addition, managing the psychological aspects of the disease, such as improving self-esteem, body image and quality of life must not be neglected.
| Categories: | Evidence of Management/treatment guidelines |
| Year(s): | 2019 (ongoing) |
| Linked document: | Download linked document |
| References: | Dominique Durrer Schutz, Luca Busetto, Dror Dicker, Nathalie Farpour-Lambert, Rachel Pryke, Hermann Toplak, Daniel Widmer, Volkan Yumuk, Yves Schutz; European Practical and Patient-Centred Guidelines for Adult Obesity Management in Primary Care. Obes Facts 15 March 2019; 12 (1): 40–66. https://doi.org/10.1159/000496183 |
A Food and Nutrition Strategy for Jersey 2017 - 2022
The aim of the Food and Nutrition Strategy is to address the urgent need to turn the curve on diet-related disease in the Jersey population, by focusing on four areas of action:
• Promoting an understanding of the benefits of a healthy diet for all
• Enabling change through the creation of healthy food and drink environments
• Providing access to training and skills to turn understanding into action
• Developing weight management pathways for children and adults
| Categories: | Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/Guidelines/Policy/Action plan |
| Year(s): | 2017-2022 |
| Target age group: | Enfants et adultes |
| Organisation: | States of Jersey - Strategic Public Health Unit |
| Linked document: | Download linked document |
School Fruit, Vegetables and Milk Scheme
"Applicable since 1 August 2017, the EU school fruit, vegetables and milk scheme combines two previous schemes (the school fruit and vegetables scheme and the school milk scheme) under a single legal framework for more efficiency and an enhanced focus on health and educational. The scheme supports the distribution of products, educational measures and information measures.
The scheme supports the distribution of fruit, vegetables, milk and certain milk products to schoolchildren, from nursery to secondary school. EU countries approve a list of products (in collaboration with their health and nutrition authorities) which will help achieve the schemes objective of helping children to follow a healthy diet.
Priority is for fresh fruit and vegetables and for plain milk. In order to support a varied diet and/or specific nutritional needs, EU countries may also make processed fruit and vegetables such as juices and soups and certain milk products such as yoghurt and cheese, available. Additionally, under stricter conditions, milk-based drinks may be included." - EU Commission
EU nutrient content lists
Passed in 2011, EU Regulation 1169/2011 on the Provision of Food Information to Consumers requires a list of the nutrient content of most pre-packaged food to be provided on the back of the pack from 13 December 2016.
| Categories: | Labelling Regulation/Guidelines |
| Year(s): | 2016 (ongoing) |
| Target age group: | Enfants et adultes |
| Organisation: | European Commission |
| Find out more: | eur-lex.europa.eu |
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition - Breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling
This programme was reported by countries for the 2nd WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2016-2017 module on actions
related to infant and young child nutrition. Information provided by WHO GINA Programme.
| Categories: | Evidence of Breastfeeding promotion or related activity |
| Year(s): | 2016 (ongoing) |
| Target age group: | Enfants |
| Find out more: | extranet.who.int |
| References: | Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en Please note the GINA website has been replaced by the GIFNA database and the GINA link will no longer work. You will find this document by searching this new database: https://gifna.who.int/ |
Physical activity strategy for the WHO European Region 2016-2025
The strategy focuses on physical activity as a leading factor in health and well-being in the European Region, with
particular attention to the burden of non-communicable diseases associated with insufficient activity levels and
sedentary behaviour. It aims to cover all forms of physical activity throughout the life-course.
| Categories: | Evidence of Physical Activity Guidelines/Policy |
| Year(s): | 2016-2025 |
| Target age group: | Enfants et adultes |
| Organisation: | WHO Regional Office for Europe |
| Find out more: | www.who.int |
| Linked document: | Download linked document |
Evaluation of the EU school milk and fruit scheme
European Court of Auditors (2011) Are the school milk and school fruit schemes effective? Special Report No 10. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
| Categories: | Health Effectiveness Reviews (obesity related) |
| Year(s): | 2011 (ongoing) |
| Target age group: | Enfants |
| Organisation: | EUROPEAN COURT OF AUDITORS |
| Linked document: | Download linked document |
| References: | Information provided with kind permission of World Cancer Research Fund International from their NOURISHING framework www.wcrf.org/NOURISHING |
EU health and nutrient claims regulation
Regulation nº 1924/2006 establishes EU-wide rules on the use of specified health and nutrient claims. The European Commission approves claims provided they are based on scientific evidence and accessible consumers. The European Food Safety Authority is responsible for evaluating the scientific evidence supporting health claims. Nutrition claims may only be used on food defined as "healthy" by a nutrient profile.
No actions could be found for the above criteria.
