• Overview
  • Obesity prevalence
  • Trends over time
  • Population breakdowns
  • Drivers
  • Comorbidities
  • Economic impact
  • Policies
  • Contextual factors
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National obesity risk *5.5/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Childhood obesity risk *7/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
* Based on estimated data. For more information see Publications

Obesity prevalence

Trends over time

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Population breakdowns

By education

By age

By region

By socio-economic group

Limited activity

Drivers

Insufficient activity

Sugar consumption

Soft drink consumption

Confectionery consumption

Sweet/savoury snack consumption

Fruit consumption

Vegetable consumption

Processed meat consumption

Grains consumption

Depression

Anxiety

Roots of obesity »

Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.

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Comorbidities

Oesophageal cancer

Breast cancer

Colorectal cancer

Pancreatic cancer

Gallbladder cancer

Kidney cancer

Cancer of the uterus

Raised blood pressure

Raised cholesterol

Raised fasting blood glucose

Diabetes prevalence

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Economic impact

Economic impact

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Policies

National Obesity Strategy

Nutritional or Health Strategy

Marketing

Physical Activity

Tax/Subsidies on Food or Beverages

Community Interventions

Transnational Obesity Strategies

Labelling

NCD Strategy

Health Effectiveness Reviews

Management or treatment guidelines

Non-national strategies

Breastfeeding

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Contextual factors

Contextual factors

Obesity prevalence

Adults, 2019

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:18+
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat 2019. Data available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 2017

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:16+
Sample size:171,126
Area covered:National
References:Sundhedsstyrelsen 2017. DANSKERNES SUNDHED DEN NATIONALE SUNDHEDSPROFIL 2017. Available from: https://www.sst.dk/-/media/Udgivelser/2018/Den-Nationale-Sundhedsprofil-2017.ashx?la=da&hash=421C482AEDC718D3B4846FC5E2B0EED2725AF517. Last accessed: 04.05.21.
Notes:NB. Combined adult data estimated. These estimates were calculated by weighting male and female survey results. Weighting based on World Bank Population % total female 2019 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS - accessed 19.05.21)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:18+
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat Database:http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 2000-2003

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:15+
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat Yearbook 2006/07. A goldmine of statistical information. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/5059290/1-20022007-BP-EN.PDF.pdf/edab8c31-b9f3-4c8e-b4db-4137bd045efa?t=1414683510000 (last accessed 04.11.21)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 1992

Survey type:Measured
Age:30-60
Sample size:1624
References:Heitman BL. 10 Year trends in overweight and obesity among Danish men and women aged 30-60 years. International Journal of Obesiy (2000);24:1347-1352
Notes:Note: 2017 data is available however it is self-report - available from: https://www.sst.dk/da/udgivelser/2018/~/media/73EADC242CDB46BD8ABF9DE895A6132C.ashx [Accessed 23rd January 2019].
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 1982

Survey type:Measured
Age:30-60
Sample size:3784
References:Heitman BL. 10 Year trends in overweight and obesity among Danish men and women aged 30-60 years. International Journal of Obesiy (2000);24:1347-1352
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Children, 2018-2020

Survey type:Measured
Age:7
Sample size:1841
Area covered:National
References:Report on the fifth round of data collection, 2018–2020: WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Cutoffs:WHO 2007
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Children, 2015-2017

Survey type:Measured
Age:7
Sample size:1882
Area covered:National
References:WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) Report on the fourth round of data collection, 2015–2017 (2021). Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/activities/who-european-childhood-obesity-surveillance-initiative-cosi/cosi-publications/who-european-childhood-obesity-surveillance-initiative-cosi-report-on-the-fourth-round-of-data-collection,-20152017-2021. Accessed 19.05.21.
Cutoffs:WHO
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Children, 2011-2012

Survey type:Measured
Age:5-8
Sample size:2760
Area covered:National
References:Temarapport om børn indskolingsundersøgt i skoleåret 2011-2012. Vægtstatus i første leveår og overvægt i indskolingsalderen Databasen Børns Sundhed 2013. Available at: https://www.sdu.dk/sif/-/media/images/sif/projekter/projekter_dokumenter/databasen_boerns_sundhed/databasen_boerns_sundhed_vaegtstatus_i_foerste_leveaar_og_overvaegt_i_indskolingsalderen.pdf. Last accessed: 29/04/21.
Cutoffs:WHO
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Children, 2007-2009

Survey type:Measured
Age:14-16
Sample size:7541
Area covered:National
References:Krue, S. and Coolidge, J. (2010), The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Danish school children. Obesity Reviews, 11: 489–491. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00732.x
Notes:14 Regions included
Definitions:90th & 97th Centile Cut Off
Cutoffs:Other
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Children, 1996-1997

Survey type:Measured
Age:5-16
Sample size:11211
Area covered:National
References:Nielson A. (2000). National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen. Personnal Communication data re-analyzed. Denmark
Cutoffs:IOTF
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Overweight/obesity by age and education

Adults, 2019

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat 2019. Available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21).
Notes:NB. Some age ranges missing due to insufficient data to display by age & educational status
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2019

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat 2019. Available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21).
Notes:NB. Some age ranges missing due to insufficient data to display by age & educational status
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Men, 2019

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat 2019. Available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21).
Notes:NB. Some age ranges missing due to insufficient data to display by age & educational status
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Men, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat Database:http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat Database:http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Overweight/obesity by education

Adults, 2017

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:16+
Sample size:171,126
Area covered:National
References:Sundhedsstyrelsen 2017. DANSKERNES SUNDHED DEN NATIONALE SUNDHEDSPROFIL 2017. Available from: https://www.sst.dk/-/media/Udgivelser/2018/Den-Nationale-Sundhedsprofil-2017.ashx?la=da&hash=421C482AEDC718D3B4846FC5E2B0EED2725AF517. Last accessed: 04.05.21.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Men, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:18+
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat Database:http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 9 November 2016)
Notes:Total sample size in EU = 35100 (Age 18+) Less than primary, primary and lower secondary education (levels 0-2) Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (levels 3 and 4) Tertiary education (levels 5-8)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:18+
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat Database:http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 9 November 2016)
Notes:Total sample size in EU = 35100 (Age 18+) Less than primary, primary and lower secondary education (levels 0-2) Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (levels 3 and 4) Tertiary education (levels 5-8)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Men, 2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:104833
Area covered:Regional
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:104833
Area covered:Regional
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Men, 2006-2007

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:69710
Area covered:Regional
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Women, 2006-2007

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:69710
Area covered:Regional
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Boys, 2003-2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:7
Sample size:44 204
Area covered:National
References:Morgen CS, Andersen PK, Mortensen LH, et al. Socioeconomic disparities in birth weight and body mass index during infancy through age 7 years: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. BMJ Open. 2017;7(1):e011781. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011781.
Notes:Prevalence of overweight by Maternal Education Level. IOTF BMI cut-offs used
Cutoffs:IOTF
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Girls, 2003-2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:7
Sample size:44 204
Area covered:National
References:Morgen CS, Andersen PK, Mortensen LH, et al. Socioeconomic disparities in birth weight and body mass index during infancy through age 7 years: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. BMJ Open. 2017;7(1):e011781. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011781.
Notes:Prevalence of overweight by Maternal Education Level. IOTF BMI cut-offs used
Cutoffs:IOTF
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Overweight/obesity by age

Adults, 2019

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat 2019. Available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21).
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 2017

Survey type:Self-reported
Sample size:171,126
Area covered:National
References:Sundhedsstyrelsen 2017. DANSKERNES SUNDHED DEN NATIONALE SUNDHEDSPROFIL 2017. Available from: https://www.sst.dk/da/udgivelser/2018/~/media/73EADC242CDB46BD8ABF9DE895A6132C.ashx. [Last Accessed 23rd January 2019].
Notes:This data is Self-report.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 2005

Survey type:Self-reported
Sample size:14487
Area covered:National
References:WHO Infobase. Ekholm O, Kjøller M, Davidsen M, Hesse U, Eriksen L, Illemeann Christensen A, Grønbæk M. Sundhed og sygelighed i Danmark 2005 & udviklingen siden 1987. København, Staten Institut for Folkesundhed, 2006.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 2000

Survey type:Self-reported
Sample size:16401
Area covered:National
References:WHO INFOBASE data orginally from http://www.si-folkesundhed.dk/Udgivelser/B%C3%B8ger%20og%20rapporter/2002/1508%20Sundhed%20og%20sygelighed%20i%20Danmark.aspx
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 1995

Survey type:Measured
Sample size:1316
Area covered:National
References:Provided by WHO EUROPE
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Children, 2018

Survey type:Self-reported
Sample size:3660
Area covered:National
References:National Institute of Public Health. Skolebørnsundersøgelsen 2018 Helbred, trivsel og sundhedsadfærd blandt 11-, 13- og 15-årige skoleelever i Danmark. Available at: https://www.sdu.dk/da/sif/rapporter/2019/skoleboernsundersoegelsen_2018. Last accessed: 04.05.21.
Cutoffs:IOTF
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Children, 2011-2012

Survey type:Measured
Sample size:2760
Area covered:National
References:Temarapport om børn indskolingsundersøgt i skoleåret 2011-2012. Vægtstatus i første leveår og overvægt i indskolingsalderen Databasen Børns Sundhed 2013. Available at: https://www.sdu.dk/sif/-/media/images/sif/projekter/projekter_dokumenter/databasen_boerns_sundhed/databasen_boerns_sundhed_vaegtstatus_i_foerste_leveaar_og_overvaegt_i_indskolingsalderen.pdf. Last accessed: 29/04/21.
Cutoffs:WHO
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Children, 2000-2002

Survey type:Self-reported
Sample size:1192
Area covered:National
References:Matthiessen, Jeppe, et al. “Prevalence and Trends in Overweight and Obesity among Children and Adolescents in Denmark.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 153–160, 10.1177/1403494807085185. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1403494807085185?casa_token=crciPKWC5xEAAAAA:-PsXoQZKQ2YSrX0DdX9EdDBI5LQXaLwGGHIHjMOTTo16ul0JZneL3T04TqOuBFgeTHtziS9UBT4. Last accessed: 28.04.21.
Cutoffs:Danish BMI reference values
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Children, 1996-1997

Survey type:Measured
Sample size:11211
Area covered:National
References:Nielson A, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen. Personal communication data re-analysed 2000 (Denmark)
Cutoffs:IOTF
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Overweight/obesity by region

Adults, 2017

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:16+
Sample size:171,126
Area covered:National
References:Sundhedsstyrelsen 2017. DANSKERNES SUNDHED DEN NATIONALE SUNDHEDSPROFIL 2017. Available from: https://www.sst.dk/-/media/Udgivelser/2018/Den-Nationale-Sundhedsprofil-2017.ashx?la=da&hash=421C482AEDC718D3B4846FC5E2B0EED2725AF517. Last accessed: 04.05.21.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Men, 2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:104833
Area covered:11 Regions
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Women, 2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:104833
Area covered:11 Regions
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Men, 2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:16-79
Sample size:104833
Area covered:11 Regions
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:16-79
Sample size:104833
Area covered:11 Regions
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Men, 2006-2007

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:69710
Area covered:11 Regions
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Women, 2006-2007

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:69710
Area covered:11 Regions
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Men, 2006-2007

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:69710
Area covered:11 Regions
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Women, 2006-2007

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:69710
Area covered:11 Regions
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Children, 2011-2012

Survey type:Measured
Age:5-8
Sample size:2760
Area covered:National
References:Temarapport om børn indskolingsundersøgt i skoleåret 2011-2012. Vægtstatus i første leveår og overvægt i indskolingsalderen Databasen Børns Sundhed 2013. Available at: https://www.sdu.dk/sif/-/media/images/sif/projekter/projekter_dokumenter/databasen_boerns_sundhed/databasen_boerns_sundhed_vaegtstatus_i_foerste_leveaar_og_overvaegt_i_indskolingsalderen.pdf. Last accessed: 29/04/21.
Cutoffs:WHO
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Overweight/obesity by age and region

Men, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1u&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Women, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1u&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Overweight/obesity by age and socio-economic group

Adults, 2019

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat 2019. Available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21).
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Men, 2019

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat 2019. Available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21).
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Download graph Add to custom PDF

Women, 2019

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat 2019. Available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21).
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Adults, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Men, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group

Men, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:18+
Sample size:Total sample number in EU: 35100 (Age 18+)
Area covered:National
References:EUROSTAT Database: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 9 November 2016)
Notes:1st Quintile (lowest income), 5th Quintile (highest income) Please note where data = zero, there were insufficient data.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:18+
Sample size:Total sample number in EU: 35100 (Age 18+)
Area covered:National
References:EUROSTAT Database: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 9 November 2016)
Notes:1st Quintile (lowest income), 5th Quintile (highest income) Please note where data = zero, there were insufficient data.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Men, 2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:104833
Area covered:Regional
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:104833
Area covered:Regional
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Men, 2006-2007

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:69710
Area covered:Regional
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2006-2007

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:25+
Sample size:69710
Area covered:Regional
References:Toft U, Vinding AL, Larsen FB, Hvidberg MF, Robinson KM, Glümer C. The development in body mass index, overweight and obesity in three regions in Denmark. Eur J Public Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):273-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku175. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Children, 2018

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:11-15
Sample size:3660
Area covered:National
References:National Institute of Public Health. Skolebørnsundersøgelsen 2018 Helbred, trivsel og sundhedsadfærd blandt 11-, 13- og 15-årige skoleelever i Danmark. Available at: https://www.sdu.dk/da/sif/rapporter/2019/skoleboernsundersoegelsen_2018. Last accessed: 04.05.21.
Cutoffs:IOTF
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Children, 2011-2012

Survey type:Measured
Age:5-8
Sample size:2760
Area covered:National
References:Temarapport om børn indskolingsundersøgt i skoleåret 2011-2012. Vægtstatus i første leveår og overvægt i indskolingsalderen Databasen Børns Sundhed 2013. Available at: https://www.sdu.dk/sif/-/media/images/sif/projekter/projekter_dokumenter/databasen_boerns_sundhed/databasen_boerns_sundhed_vaegtstatus_i_foerste_leveaar_og_overvaegt_i_indskolingsalderen.pdf. Last accessed: 29/04/21.
Definitions:Socioeconomic status was based on 'social stress' which is scored in the following way: "Information on social stress is based on a count of signs of weak socio-economic resources in the infant record. One point shall be awarded for each of the following four information: mother and father respectively with a maximum of 10th grade education and mother and father respectively currently out of work. The variable on social load can range from zero to four, and a higher score indicates fewer resources."
Cutoffs:WHO
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Boys, 2003-2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:7
Sample size:44,204
Area covered:National
References:Morgen CS, Andersen PK, Mortensen LH, et al. Socioeconomic disparities in birth weight and body mass index during infancy through age 7 years: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. BMJ Open. 2017;7(1):e011781. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011781.
Notes:Prevalence of overweight by household income (%) IOTF BMI cut-offs used
Cutoffs:IOTF
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Girls, 2003-2010

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:7
Sample size:44,204
Area covered:National
References:Morgen CS, Andersen PK, Mortensen LH, et al. Socioeconomic disparities in birth weight and body mass index during infancy through age 7 years: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. BMJ Open. 2017;7(1):e011781. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011781.
Notes:Prevalence of overweight by household income (%) IOTF BMI cut-offs used
Cutoffs:IOTF
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Overweight/obesity by age and limited activity

Adults, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat 2014 available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do (last accessed 06.10.21)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Men, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat 2014 available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do (last accessed 06.10.21)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Women, 2014

Survey type:Self-reported
Area covered:National
References:Eurostat 2014 available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do (last accessed 06.10.21)
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
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Insufficient physical activity

Adults, 2016

References:Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7
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Men, 2016

References:Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7
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Women, 2016

References:Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7
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Children, 2016

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:11-17
References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
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Boys, 2016

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:11-17
References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
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Girls, 2016

Survey type:Self-reported
Age:11-17
References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
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Children, 2010

Age:11-17
References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Notes:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
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Boys, 2010

Age:11-17
References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Notes:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
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Girls, 2010

Age:11-17
References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
Notes:% of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions:% Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
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Sugar consumption

Adults, 2016

References:Source: Euromonitor International
Definitions:Sugar consumption (Number of 500g sugar portions/person/month)
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Estimated per capita sugar sweetened beverages intake

Adults, 2016

References:Source: Euromonitor International
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Prevalence of at least daily carbonated soft drink consumption

Children, 2014

Survey type:Measured
References:World Health Organization. (2017). Adolescent obesity and related behaviours: Trends and inequalities in the who european region, 2002-2014: observations from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) WHO collaborative cross-national study (J. Inchley, D. Currie, J. Jewel, J. Breda, & V. Barnekow, Eds.). World Health Organization. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org
Notes:15-year-old adolescents
Definitions:Prevalence of at least daily carbonated soft drink consumption (% of at least daily carbonated soft drink consumption)
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Prevalence of confectionery consumption

Adults, 2016

References:Source: Euromonitor International
Definitions:Prevalence of confectionery consumption (Number of 50g confectionery portions/person/month)
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Prevalence of sweet/savoury snack consumption

Adults, 2016

References:Source: Euromonitor International
Definitions:Prevalence of sweet/savoury snack consumption (Number of 35g sweet/savoury snack portions/person/month)
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Estimated per capita fruit intake

Adults, 2017

Survey type:Measured
Age:25+
References:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions:Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day)
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Prevalence of less than daily fruit consumption

Children, 2014

Survey type:Measured
References:Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Definitions:Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption)
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Prevalence of less than daily vegetable consumption

Children, 2014

Survey type:Measured
Age:12-17
References:Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Definitions:Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption)
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Estimated per-capita processed meat intake

Adults, 2017

Survey type:Measured
Age:25+
References:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions:Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day)
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Estimated per capita whole grains intake

Adults, 2017

Survey type:Measured
Age:25+
References:Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions:Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day)
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Mental health - depression disorders

Adults, 2015

References:Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definitions:% of population with depression disorders
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Mental health - anxiety disorders

Adults, 2015

References:Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definitions:% of population with anxiety disorders
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Oesophageal cancer

Men, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2111
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2111
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Breast cancer

Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2111
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Colorectal cancer

Men, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2111
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2111
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Pancreatic cancer

Men, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2111
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2111
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Gallbladder cancer

Men, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2111
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2111
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Kidney cancer

Men, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2111
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2111
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Cancer of the uterus

Women, 2020

Age:20+
Area covered:National
References:Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2111
Definitions:Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000
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Raised blood pressure

Adults, 2015

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions:Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).
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Men, 2015

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions:Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).
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Women, 2015

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions:Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).
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Raised cholesterol

Adults, 2008

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions:% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).
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Men, 2008

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions:% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).
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Women, 2008

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions:% Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).
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Raised fasting blood glucose

Men, 2014

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definitions:Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).
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Women, 2014

References:Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definitions:Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).
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Diabetes prevalence

Adults, 2021

Age:20-79
Area covered:National
References:Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation.  IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definitions:Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, %
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Adults, 2019

Age:20-79
References:Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definitions:Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).
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Adults, 2017

References:Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definitions:Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).
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Economic impact of overweight and obesity

Country comparisons

You can choose to compare this country’s data with the data for up to four other countries.

Policies, Interventions and Actions

Nordic Nutrition Recommendations

The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) is an international collaboration among health and food authorities in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The NNR2023 project has developed science advice based on the health effects of foods and response to the country-specific public health challenges and burden of diseases, food consumption patterns, as well as the country-specific environmental impacts of food consumption. As obesity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Nordic and Baltic countries, the NNR2023 report has special focus on the role of the diet for obesity, and the consequences of the present weight status on national DRVs and FBDGs.

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):2023 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:Nordic Council of Ministers
Find out more:pub.norden.org
Linked document:Download linked document

Food-based dietary guidelines

The Official Dietary Guidelines – good for health and climate (published 2021) were developed in a process led by the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, under the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries. The development process also involved the Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities, the Danish Health Authority, the National Food Institute at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), as well as consumer organizations, non-governmental organizations and the food- and retail industry. The dietary guidelines are endorsed by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries.

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):2021 (ongoing)
References:http://www.fao.org/nutrition/education/food-dietary-guidelines/regions/countries/Denmark/en

Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards trans fat, other than trans fat naturally occurring in fat of animal origin

Measures to limit or virtually eliminate industrially-produced trans fatty acids in food intended for the final consumer and/or for supply to retail. Adopted by The European Commission from April 2019. (Available in multiple languages)

Categories:Evidence of Marketing Guidelines/Policy
Year(s):2019 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:The European Commission
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/node/36162 (last accessed 12.07.22)

Danish physical activity guidelines

2018 "Physical activity Handbook on prevention and treatment"

Categories:Evidence of Physical Activity Guidelines/Policy
Year(s):2018 (ongoing)
References:https://extranet.who.int/ncdccs/Data/DNK_B13_Fysisk%20aktivitet%20%c3%a2%e2%82%ac%e2%80%9c%20h%c3%83%c2%a5ndbog%20om%20forebyggelse%20og%20behandling.pdf

School Fruit, Vegetables and Milk Scheme

"Applicable since 1 August 2017, the EU school fruit, vegetables and milk scheme combines two previous schemes (the school fruit and vegetables scheme and the school milk scheme) under a single legal framework for more efficiency and an enhanced focus on health and educational. The scheme supports the distribution of products, educational measures and information measures. The scheme supports the distribution of fruit, vegetables, milk and certain milk products to schoolchildren, from nursery to secondary school. EU countries approve a list of products (in collaboration with their health and nutrition authorities) which will help achieve the schemes objective of helping children to follow a healthy diet. Priority is for fresh fruit and vegetables and for plain milk. In order to support a varied diet and/or specific nutritional needs, EU countries may also make processed fruit and vegetables such as juices and soups and certain milk products such as yoghurt and cheese, available. Additionally, under stricter conditions, milk-based drinks may be included." - EU Commission

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):2017 (ongoing)
Organisation:European Commission
Find out more:ec.europa.eu
References:https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/key-policies/common-agricultural-policy/market-measures/school-fruit-vegetables-and-milk-scheme/school-scheme-explained_en

Danish Sports Policy (2016)

Ensures that all groups in society have the opportunity to participate in sports or exercise. The policy stipulates that special efforts should be made to involve children, adolescents and adults who are not already involved in organized sports as well as disabled or vulnerable groups who may find it difficult to participatein the traditional settings of sport associations

Categories:Evidence of Physical Activity Guidelines/Policy
Year(s):2016 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:Ministry of health
Find out more:ec.europa.eu
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Success story [Internet]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/sport/sites/sport/files/physical-activity-factsheets-2018/physical-activity-factsheets-2018/denmark-physical-activity-factsheet-2018_en.pdf ‌

GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition - Breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling

This programme was reported by countries for the 2nd WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2016-2017 module on actions related to infant and young child nutrition. Information provided by WHO GINA Programme.

Categories:Evidence of Breastfeeding promotion or related activity
Year(s):2016 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Find out more:extranet.who.int
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en

ABC - All children cycle (Alle Børn Cykler)

This national campaign in Denmark is founded by the Danish Cycling Federation to promote cycling among children in grades 0-10, including cycling to school. The campaign includes a competition between schools and classes to promote regular cycling to school.

Categories:Evidence of Physical Activity Guidelines/Policy
Year(s):2015 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Organisation:National Cycling Federation
Find out more:www.abc-abc.dk
References:Cyklistforbundet [Internet]. www.cyklistforbundet.dk. [cited 2020w Jul 27]. Available from: https://www.cyklistforbundet.dk/ ‌

Danish clinical guidelines for examination and treatment of overweight and obese children and adolescents in a pediatric setting

Danish clinical guidelines for examination and treatment of overweight and obese children and adolescents in a pediatric setting.

Categories:Evidence of Management/treatment guidelines
Year(s):2014 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Organisation:The Obesity Committee of The Danish Pediatric Society (DPS)
Find out more:pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Johansen A, Holm J-C, Pearson S, Kjærsgaard M, Larsen LM, Højgaard B, et al. Danish clinical guidelines for examination and treatment of overweight and obese children and adolescents in a pediatric setting. Danish Medical Journal [Internet]. 2015 May 1 [cited 2020 Jul 27];62(5). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26050836/ ‌

European Union (EU) Action Plan on Childhood Obesity 2014-2020

EU Action plan. To contribute to halting the rise in overweight and obesity in children and young people (0-18 years) by 2020

Categories:Transnational Obesity Strategies/Policy or Action Plan
Year(s):2014-2020
Target age group:Children
Organisation:Ministry of Health
Find out more:ec.europa.eu
Linked document:Download linked document
References:EU Action Plan on Childhood Table of contents [Internet]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/nutrition_physical_activity/docs/childhoodobesity_actionplan_2014_2020_en.pdf ‌

The Danish Government Programme on Public Health and Health Promotion

Includes 7 national goals for the Danish health: reduce social inequality in health, increase the number of children and adults thriving and with good mental health, increasing the number choosing a smoke free life, reducing those with harmful alcohol consumption and postpone the alcohol bowel among young people, reduce the number of overweight children and increase exercise.

Categories (partial):Evidence of NCD strategy
Year(s):2014 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:Danish Ministry of Health
Find out more:www.sum.dk
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Sundheds- og Ældreministeriet Sundere liv for alle - nationale mål for danskernes sundhed de næste 10 år- sum.dk [Internet]. sum.dk. [cited 2020bp Jul 27]. Available from: https://sum.dk/Aktuelt/Publikationer/Nationale-maal-jan-2014.aspx ‌

BEK nr 801 af 21/06/2013 Bekendtgørelse om reklamer og sponsorering m.v. af programmer i radio, fjernsyn og on demand-audiovisuelle medietjenester samt indgåelse af partnerskaber

Advertising aimed at children and young people shall not encourage or condone excessive consumption of foods and beverages containing substances the excessive consumption of which is not recommended, such as fats, trans fatty acids, salt or sodium and sugars. Adopted from June 2013. (Available only in Danish language)

Categories:Evidence of Marketing Guidelines/Policy
Year(s):2013 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/fr/node/43081 (last accessed 18.07.22)

Project SOL

An intervention targeting schools, childcare centres and supermarkets aiming to encourage healthy eating and uptake of physical activity.

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Evidence of Physical Activity Guidelines/Policy
Year(s):2012-2015
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:Aalborg University (AAU), Steno Diabetes Center (SDC), Research Centre for Prevention and Health (RCPH)
Find out more:www.mdpi.com
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Toft, U, Bloch, P, Reinbach, H.C, Winkler, L.L, Buch-Andersen, T, Aagaard-Hansen, J, Mikkelsen, B.E,Jensen, B.B. and Glümer, C. (2018) ‘Project SoL—A Community-Based, Multi-Component Health Promotion Intervention to Improve Eating Habits and Physical Activity among Danish Families with Young Children. Part 1: Intervention Development and Implementation’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 1097; doi:10.3390/ijerph15061097.

EU Regulation 1169/2011

Passed in 2011, EU Regulation 1169/2011 on the Provision of Food Information to Consumers requires a list of the nutrient content of most pre-packaged food to be provided on the back of the pack from October 2011.

Categories:Labelling Regulation/Guidelines
Year(s):2011 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:European Parliament and the Council of the European Union
Find out more:eur-lex.europa.eu
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/node/22917 (last accessed 28.06.22)

Evaluation of the EU school milk and fruit scheme

European Court of Auditors (2011) Are the school milk and school fruit schemes effective? Special Report No 10. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

Categories:Health Effectiveness Reviews (obesity related)
Year(s):2011 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Organisation:EUROPEAN COURT OF AUDITORS
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Information provided with kind permission of World Cancer Research Fund International from their NOURISHING framework www.wcrf.org/NOURISHING

Tax of saturated fat (part of the Danish Tax Reform 2010)

As part of the Tax Reform 2010, Denmark introduced a 'fat tax' in 2011 - a tax of DKr 16 (€2.15) per kg of saturated fat, with the taxable base including all foods containing saturated fat. The actual aims of the reform was to increase labour supply in the medium to long term and at same time contribute to soften the effects of the global economic crises in the short run. Furthermore net savings should be increased and goals in the areas of energy, climate, environment and health are supported. Note that the tax was discontinued in January 2013.

Categories (partial):Taxation/Subsidies on Food or Beverages or law relating to public health
Year(s):2011-2013
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:The Danish Ministry of Taxation
Find out more:www.researchgate.net
Linked document:Download linked document
References:(PDF) The Danish Tax on Saturated Fat: Why It Did Not Survive [Internet]. ResearchGate. [cited 2020bg Jul 27]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267741946_The_Danish_Tax_on_Saturated_Fat_Why_It_Did_Not_Survive‌

Clinical guidance for general practice detection and treatment of obesity in adults

Clinical guidance for general practice detection and treatment of obesity in adults

Categories:Evidence of Management/treatment guidelines
Year(s):2009 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults
Organisation:Danish Society for General Medicine
Linked document:Download linked document

Danish Whole Grain logo

The Whole Grain food label aims to increase the availability of whole grain products and enhance knowledge of the positive effects of whole grain. Products must meet nutritional criteria set by the Danish Whole Grain Partnership, as well as the nutritional criteria for the Nordic Keyhole’s nutrient profile.

Categories:Labelling Regulation/Guidelines
Year(s):2009 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:Danish Whole Grain Partnership
Find out more:fuldkorn.dk

Nordic Key Hole Label

Voluntary nordic food label that identifies products containing less fat, sugars and salt and more dietary fibre than other products within the same category. Nutritional criteria is the same as in Norway and Sweden.

Categories:Labelling Regulation/Guidelines
Year(s):2009 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:Swedish National Food Agency
Find out more:www.nokkelhullsmerket.no

Code of Responsible Food Marketing Communication

A voluntary code that is applicable to food and beverage marketing to children aged 13 and under via media outlets. It sets out guideline limits on sugar, salt and fat content in 10 food categories.

Categories:Evidence of Marketing Guidelines/Policy
Year(s):2008 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Organisation:Forum of Responsible Food Marketing Communication
Find out more:kodeksforfoedevarereklamer.di.dk
Linked document:Download linked document

Danish Whole Grain Campaign (Fuldkornskampagnen)

"The Danish Whole Grain Partnership was created due to a growing concern about a decreasing whole grain intake in the Danish population in the mid-2000. Some of the future partners were concerned about the increasing popularity of low-carb, high-fat diets (e.g. Atkins) that seemed to be part of a general trend leading to a significant decline in the intake of whole grain breads. At the same time, millers, bread producers, and bakeries were experiencing weakened (declining) demand for their products. In parallel with this development, non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) became increasingly aware of the growing evidence on the health benefits of whole grains. Together, these factors provided a window of opportunity for the establishment of a new partnership to promote whole grain consumption in Denmark. The partnership was established in 2008."

Categories:Evidence of Community Interventions/Campaign
Year(s):2008 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
References:https://fuldkorn.dk/english/

Healthy Senior Life

Local health promotion intervention for senior citizens through group meetings, exercise and motivational interview.

Categories:Evidence of Community Interventions/Campaign
Year(s):2008 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults
Organisation:Healthcare Denmark
Find out more:www.healthcaredenmark.dk
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Elderly care · Healthcare DENMARK [Internet]. www.healthcaredenmark.dk. [cited 2020ac Jul 27]. Available from: https://www.healthcaredenmark.dk/the-case-of-denmark/integrated-care-and-coherence/elderly-care/ ‌

The Children's Obesity Clinic (TCOCT)

The Children's Obesity Clinic (TCOCT) is a childhood obesity treatment programme set up by Jens-Christian Holm in the town of Holbaek, Northeastern Denmark. It includes a protocol to help children achieve weight loss by adjusting various elements of their lifestyle.

Categories:Non-national obesity strategies
Year(s):2007 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Organisation:Jens-Christian Holm
Find out more:bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Most SW, Højgaard B, Teilmann G, Andersen J, Valentiner M, Gamborg M, et al. Adoption of the children’s obesity clinic’s treatment (TCOCT) protocol into another Danish pediatric obesity treatment clinic. BMC Pediatrics. 2015 Mar 1;15(1). ‌

The School Patrol

This national school-based scheme promotes physical activity and play in Denmark. Older students (grades 6-9) from participating schools promote play and physical activity during breaks to younger children (grade 1-6). Approximately 4-5 students/school and one leader are recruited from every school. The scheme, founded in 2007 by the Danish School Sports Association, the Cancer society and the Danish Gymnastics Federation, has received an extension to 2011

Categories:Evidence of Physical Activity Guidelines/Policy
Year(s):2007 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Organisation:Danish School Sports Association, Cancer Society and Danish Gymnastics Federation
Find out more:www.legepatruljen.dk
References:Aktive frikvarterer - Dansk Skoleidræt [Internet]. skoleidraet.dk. Available from: https://skoleidraet.dk/aktivefrikvarterer/forside/ ‌

EU health and nutrient claims regulation

Regulation nº 1924/2006 establishes EU-wide rules on the use of specified health and nutrient claims. The European Commission approves claims provided they are based on scientific evidence and accessible consumers. The European Food Safety Authority is responsible for evaluating the scientific evidence supporting health claims. Nutrition claims may only be used on food defined as "healthy" by a nutrient profile.

Categories:Labelling Regulation/Guidelines
Year(s):2006 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:European Commission
Linked document:Download linked document
References:https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32006R1924

Nutrition-Friendly Schools Initiative (NFSI)

"The NFSI is a school-based programme that addresses the double burden of malnutrition –undernutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight/obesity. It is a tool for developing a school environment that promotes the nutritional well-being of school-age children and increases their physical activity levels."

Categories:Evidence of Community Interventions/Campaign
Year(s):2006 (ongoing)
Target age group:Children
Organisation:World Health Organization
Linked document:Download linked document
References:https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/default/files/nutrition_physical_activity/docs/implementation_report_a1c_en.pdf

Legal ban on trans fats

"In 2003, Denmark introduced a law limiting the amount of trans fat to 2 grams per 100 grams of fat or oil. Oils labeled “trans fat free” could not contain more than 1 gram per 100 grams of fat." - WHO

Categories:Evidence of Nutritional or Health Strategy/ Guidelines/Policy/Action plan
Year(s):2003 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:Danish Government
References:https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/denmark-trans-fat-ban-pioneer-lessons-for-other-countries

National Action Plan Against Obesity

An action plan for the prevention and treatment of obesity with a list of recommendations.

Categories:Evidence of National Obesity Strategy/Policy or Action plan
Year(s):2003 (ongoing)
Target age group:Adults and children
Organisation:National Board of Health, Centre for Health Promotion and Prevention
Find out more:sundhedsstyrelsen.dk
Linked document:Download linked document
References:Hølund U. Danish National Action Plan against Obesity National Action Plan against Obesity Background [Internet]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/archive/ph_determinants/life_style/nutrition/documents/ev_20030630_co08_en.pdf ‌

Bike to Work

The Danish Cyclist Federation established the national campaign “Bike to work” to encourage people to use their bicycles for everyday transport. A number of schemes have also been developed by the Company Sport Association and implemented by the Danish Working Environment Authority to promote physical activity in workplaces.

Categories:Evidence of Physical Activity Guidelines/Policy
Target age group:Adults
Organisation:Ministry of Health
Find out more:ec.europa.eu
References:Success story [Internet]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/sport/sites/sport/files/physical-activity-factsheets-2018/physical-activity-factsheets-2018/denmark-physical-activity-factsheet-2018_en.pdf ‌

Evaluation of the Danish saturated fat tax

Smed S et al. (2016) The effects of the Danish saturated fat tax on food and nutrient intake and modelled health outcomes: an econometric and comparative risk assessment evaluation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, 681-686

Categories:Health Effectiveness Reviews (obesity related)
Find out more:pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
References:Information provided with kind permission of World Cancer Research Fund International from their NOURISHING framework www.wcrf.org/NOURISHING

Evaluation of the regulation of trans fatty acid content

Leth T et al. (2006) The effect of the regulation on trans fatty acid content in Danish food. Atherosclerosis Supplements, 7(2), 53-56.

Categories:Health Effectiveness Reviews (obesity related)
Find out more:pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
References:Information provided with kind permission of World Cancer Research Fund International from their NOURISHING framework www.wcrf.org/NOURISHING

Evaluation of the Whole Grain Partnership

Greve C & Neess RI (2014) The Evolution of the Whole Grain Partnership in Denmark. Copenhagen Business School & the Danish Whole Grain Partnership, Frederiksberg.

Categories:Health Effectiveness Reviews (obesity related)
Find out more:research.cbs.dk
References:Information provided with kind permission of World Cancer Research Fund International from their NOURISHING framework www.wcrf.org/NOURISHING

GNPR 2016-17 (q7) Breastfeeeding promotion and/or counselling

WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2016-2017 reported the evidence of breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling (q7)

Categories:Evidence of Breastfeeding promotion or related activity
Target age group:Adults
Organisation:Ministry of Health (information provided by the GINA progam)
Find out more:extranet.who.int
References:Information provided with kind permission of WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA): https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en

Sundhetscafé i et socialt boligområde

'Sundhetscafé i et socialt boligområde' was a Community Health Café in which inhabitants of Roskilde (Denmark) could get free health check-ups, join group exercise sessions, and also receive counselling from professionals about smoking cessation, healthy nutrition and physical activity.

Categories:Evidence of Community Interventions/Campaign
Target age group:Adults and children
References:https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-015-1563-2

No actions could be found for the above criteria.

Contextual factors

Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.

Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.

Labelling

Is there mandatory nutrition labelling?Present
Front-of-package labelling?Present-(voluntary)
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration?Present
Color coding?Absent
Warning label?Absent

Regulation and marketing

Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products?Absent
Tax on unhealthy foods?Absent
Tax on unhealthy drinks?Absent
Are there fiscal policies on healthy products?Absent
Subsidy on fruits?Absent
Subsidy on vegetables?Absent
Subsidy on other healthy products?Absent
Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)?Present
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? Present
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? Absent
Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?Present
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media?Present
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media?Absent
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children?Present-(voluntary)
Are there mandatory standards for food in schools?Absent
Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products?Absent
Nutrition standards for public sector procurement?Absent

Political will and support

National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy?Present
National obesity strategy?Present
National childhood obesity strategy?Absent
Comprehensive nutrition strategy?Present
Comprehensive physical activity strategy?Present
Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs?Present
National target(s) on reducing obesity?Absent
Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment?Present
Promotion of breastfeeding?Present

Monitoring and surveillance

Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors?Present
Within 5 years?Present

Governance and resource

Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)?Absent

Key

Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown

Last updated June 26, 2023

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Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions

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