Северна Македония
- Общ преглед
- Разпространение на затлъстяването
- Разбивки на населението
- Причини
- Съпътстващи заболявания
- Икономическо въздействие
- Политики
- Contextual factors
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Национален риск от затлъстяване *7/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Риск от затлъстяване в детска възраст *7/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Разпространение на затлъстяването
Изтегляне на карта за отчитане
Картата за отчитане събира всички най-нови графики за тази държава. Ако искате да създадете персонализирано отчитане въз основа на избрани графики, просто докоснете бутона „Добавяне към персонализиран PDF“ под графиките, които искате да използвате.Разбивки на населението
Причини
Недостатъчна активност
Консумация на безалкохолни напитки
Консумация на плодове
Консумация на зеленчуци
Консумация на преработено месо
Консумация на зърнени култури
Депресия
Тревожност
Причини за затлъстяването »
Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.Кърмене
Изтегляне на карта за отчитане
Съпътстващи заболявания
Икономическо въздействие
Политики
Contextual factors
Разпространение на затлъстяването
Възрастни, 2017
| Тип анкета: | Самоотчитане |
| Възраст: | 18+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) |
| Освен ако не е посочено друго, наднорменото тегло се отнася до ИТМ между 25 kg и 29,9°kg/m², затлъстяването се отнася до ИТМ, по-голям от 30°kg/m². | |
Възрастни, 2001
| Тип анкета: | Измерено |
| Възраст: | 20-65 |
| Количество на пробите: | 838 |
| Референции: | Stikova E, Kolevska L. Presented at a WHO Workshop in October 2001. Data published in Development of Food and Nutrition Actions Plans in South East Europe. Report on a Second Workshop Sofia, 8-11 October 2001. Eur/01/5026015 |
| Освен ако не е посочено друго, наднорменото тегло се отнася до ИТМ между 25 kg и 29,9°kg/m², затлъстяването се отнася до ИТМ, по-голям от 30°kg/m². | |
Деца, 2018-2020
| Тип анкета: | Измерено |
| Възраст: | 7 |
| Количество на пробите: | 2082 |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Report on the fifth round of data collection, 2018–2020: WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Деца, 2016
| Тип анкета: | Измерено |
| Възраст: | 7 |
| Количество на пробите: | 2343 |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | COSI 2016. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/341189/WHO-EURO-2021-2495-42251-58349-eng.pdf (Accessed 20.07.21) |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
Деца, 2012
| Тип анкета: | Измерено |
| Възраст: | 13-14 |
| Количество на пробите: | 1835 |
| Обхваната зона: | Регионални |
| Референции: | Zivkovic V, Todorovska L, Velickovska LA et al. Relationships between overweight, obesity and physical fitness of thirteen and fourteen year old Macedonian adolescent. SportLogia 2014:10 (2);106-115 |
| Забележки: | Central & Eastern Macedonia Only |
| Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Деца, 2009-2013
| Тип анкета: | Измерено |
| Възраст: | 6-7 |
| Количество на пробите: | 4919 |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Spinelli et al (2019). 'Childhood Severe Obesity in Europe', Obes Facts.12, pp. 244–258. (Data from COSI round 1-3) |
| Забележки: | NOTE - this data is from COSI round II and III (2009 - 2013) IOTF cut-offs used. |
| Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Деца, 2007
| Тип анкета: | Самоотчитане |
| Възраст: | 13-15 |
| Количество на пробите: | 2114 |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Global School-based Student Health Survey, Fact Sheet available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/GSHS_FS_Macedonia_2007.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 25.11.20) |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
Наднормено тегло/затлъстяване по възраст и образование
Мъже, 2017
| Тип анкета: | Самоотчитане |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | 2017 - Education EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) |
| Освен ако не е посочено друго, наднорменото тегло се отнася до ИТМ между 25 kg и 29,9°kg/m², затлъстяването се отнася до ИТМ, по-голям от 30°kg/m². | |
Жени, 2017
| Тип анкета: | Самоотчитане |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | 2017 - Education EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) |
| Освен ако не е посочено друго, наднорменото тегло се отнася до ИТМ между 25 kg и 29,9°kg/m², затлъстяването се отнася до ИТМ, по-голям от 30°kg/m². | |
Наднормено тегло/затлъстяване по възраст
Възрастни, 2017
| Тип анкета: | Самоотчитане |
| Референции: | 2017 - EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) |
| Освен ако не е посочено друго, наднорменото тегло се отнася до ИТМ между 25 kg и 29,9°kg/m², затлъстяването се отнася до ИТМ, по-голям от 30°kg/m². | |
Недостатъчна физическа активност
Деца, 2016
| Тип анкета: | Самоотчитане |
| Възраст: | 11-17 |
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
| Забележки: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Определения: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Момчета, 2016
| Тип анкета: | Самоотчитане |
| Възраст: | 11-17 |
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
| Забележки: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Определения: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Момичета, 2016
| Тип анкета: | Самоотчитане |
| Възраст: | 11-17 |
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
| Забележки: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Определения: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Деца, 2010
| Възраст: | 11-17 |
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
| Забележки: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Определения: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Момчета, 2010
| Възраст: | 11-17 |
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
| Забележки: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Определения: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Момичета, 2010
| Възраст: | 11-17 |
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
| Забележки: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
| Определения: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Преобладаване на поне дневна консумация на газирана безалкохолна напитка
Деца, 2010-2014
| Тип анкета: | Измерено |
| Референции: | World Health Organization. (2017). Adolescent obesity and related behaviours: Trends and inequalities in the who european region, 2002-2014: observations from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) WHO collaborative cross-national study (J. Inchley, D. Currie, J. Jewel, J. Breda, & V. Barnekow, Eds.). World Health Organization. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org |
| Забележки: | 15-year-old adolescents |
| Определения: | Prevalence of at least daily carbonated soft drink consumption (% of at least daily carbonated soft drink consumption) |
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Възрастни, 2017
| Тип анкета: | Измерено |
| Възраст: | 25+ |
| Референции: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Определения: | Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day) |
Преобладаване на по-малко от дневна консумация на плодове
Деца, 2010-2014
| Тип анкета: | Измерено |
| Референции: | Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
| Определения: | Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption) |
Преобладаване на по-малко от дневна консумация на зеленчуци
Деца, 2010-2014
| Тип анкета: | Измерено |
| Възраст: | 12-17 |
| Референции: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
| Определения: | Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption) |
Очакван прием на преработено месо на глава от населението
Възрастни, 2017
| Тип анкета: | Измерено |
| Възраст: | 25+ |
| Референции: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Определения: | Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day) |
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Възрастни, 2017
| Тип анкета: | Измерено |
| Възраст: | 25+ |
| Референции: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Определения: | Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day) |
Психично здраве – депресивни разстройства
Възрастни, 2015
| Референции: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Определения: | % of population with depression disorders |
Психично здраве – тревожни разстройства
Възрастни, 2015
| Референции: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Определения: | % of population with anxiety disorders |
% Бебета, хранени изключително с кърма 0-5 месеца
Деца, 1996-2019
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | 2018-2019 North Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Survey Findings Report. Skopje, North Macedonia: State Statistical Office and UNICEF. |
| Забележки: | See UNICEF website for further survey information. Available at : https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/infant-young-child-feeding/ (last accessed 28.9.21) Citation: United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2021). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, September 2021. |
| Определения: | % exclusively breastfed 0-5 months |
Рак на хранопровода
Мъже, 2020
| Възраст: | 20+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267 |
| Определения: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Жени, 2020
| Възраст: | 20+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267 |
| Определения: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Рак на гърдата
Жени, 2020
| Възраст: | 20+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267 |
| Определения: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Колоректален рак
Мъже, 2020
| Възраст: | 20+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267 |
| Определения: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Жени, 2020
| Възраст: | 20+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267 |
| Определения: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Рак на панкреаса
Мъже, 2020
| Възраст: | 20+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267 |
| Определения: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Жени, 2020
| Възраст: | 20+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267 |
| Определения: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Рак на жлъчния мехур
Мъже, 2020
| Възраст: | 20+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267 |
| Определения: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Жени, 2020
| Възраст: | 20+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267 |
| Определения: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Рак на бъбреците
Мъже, 2020
| Възраст: | 20+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267 |
| Определения: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Жени, 2020
| Възраст: | 20+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267 |
| Определения: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Рак на матката
Жени, 2020
| Възраст: | 20+ |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2267 |
| Определения: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Повишено кръвно налягане
Възрастни, 2015
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
| Определения: | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Мъже, 2015
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
| Определения: | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Жени, 2015
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
| Определения: | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Повишен холестерол
Възрастни, 2008
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
| Определения: | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Мъже, 2008
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
| Определения: | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Жени, 2008
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
| Определения: | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Повишена кръвна захар на гладно
Мъже, 2014
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
| Определения: | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Жени, 2014
| Референции: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
| Определения: | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Преобладаване на диабета
Възрастни, 2021
| Възраст: | 20-79 |
| Обхваната зона: | Национално |
| Референции: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Определения: | Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % |
Възрастни, 2019
| Възраст: | 20-79 |
| Референции: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Определения: | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Възрастни, 2017
| Референции: | Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Определения: | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Economic impact of overweight and obesity
Policies, Interventions and Actions
Contextual factors
Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.
Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.
Labelling
| Is there mandatory nutrition labelling? | Present |
| Front-of-package labelling? | Absent |
| Back-of-pack nutrition declaration? | Present |
| Color coding? | Absent |
| Warning label? | Absent |
Regulation and marketing
| Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products? | Absent |
| Tax on unhealthy foods? | Absent |
| Tax on unhealthy drinks? | Absent |
| Are there fiscal policies on healthy products? | Absent |
| Subsidy on fruits? | Absent |
| Subsidy on vegetables? | Absent |
| Subsidy on other healthy products? | Absent |
| Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)? | Absent |
| Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? | Absent |
| Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? | Absent |
| Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
| Mandatory restriction on broadcast media? | Absent |
| Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media? | Absent |
| Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
| Are there mandatory standards for food in schools? | Present |
| Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products? | Present |
| Nutrition standards for public sector procurement? | Absent |
Political will and support
| National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy? | Absent |
| National obesity strategy? | Absent |
| National childhood obesity strategy? | Absent |
| Comprehensive nutrition strategy? | Absent |
| Comprehensive physical activity strategy? | Absent |
| Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs? | Present |
| National target(s) on reducing obesity? | Absent |
| Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment? | Absent |
| Promotion of breastfeeding? | Present |
Monitoring and surveillance
| Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors? | Present |
| Within 5 years? | Present |
Governance and resource
| Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)? | Present |
Key
Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown
Last updated September 13, 2022
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