Malesia
- Yleisnäkymä
- Lihavuuden esiintyvyys
- Trendit eri aikoina
- Väestöjaottelut
- Kuljettajat
- Komorbiditeetti
- Taloudelliset vaikutukset
- Käytännöt
- Contextual factors
Ladataan tietoja, odota hetki
Kansallinen lihavuuden riski *8/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Lapsuusajan lihavuuden riski *7,5/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Lihavuuden esiintyvyys
Trendit eri aikoina
Lataa raportti
Raportti kokoaa kaikki tämän maan uusimmat grafiikat. Jos haluat tuottaa mukautetun raportin valitun grafiikan perusteella, napauta vain Lisää mukautettuun PDF-tiedostoon -painiketta haluamasi grafiikan alapuolelta.Väestöjaottelut
Kuljettajat
Riittämätön aktiivisuus
Virvoitusjuomien kulutus
Hedelmien kulutus
Vihannesten kulutus
Pikaruoan kulutus
Lihajalosteiden kulutus
Viljatuotteiden kulutus
Masennus
Ahdistuneisuus
Lihavuuden syyt »
Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.Imetys
Lataa raportti
Komorbiditeetti
Taloudelliset vaikutukset
Käytännöt
Contextual factors
Lihavuuden esiintyvyys
Aikuiset, 2019
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 18+ |
Otoksen koko: | 14965 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems |
Huomiot: | Sample size includes approx 5000 children |
Määritelmät: | Standard definitions. Malaysian Clinical Practice Guideline of Obesity (2004) cut offs are also available on MOH website |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. |
Aikuiset, 2015
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 18+ |
Otoksen koko: | 29460 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. |
Aikuiset, 2007-2008
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 18+ |
Otoksen koko: | 4428 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, Kamaruddin NA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Ali O, Isa SH, Bebakar WM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(1):35-41. |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. |
Aikuiset, 2006
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 18+ |
Otoksen koko: | 33464 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Khambalia AZ, Seen LS. Trends in overweight and obese adults in Malaysia (1996-2009): a systematic review. Obesity Reviews 2010; 11:403-412 |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. |
Aikuiset, 1996
Tutkimustyyppi: | Itse ilmoitettu |
Ikä: | 18+ |
Otoksen koko: | 30165 |
Viitteet: | Ismail MN, Chee SS, Nawawi H, Yusoff K, Lim TO and James WPT. (2002). Obesity in Malaysia. Onesity Reviews, 3: 203 - 208. |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. |
Aikuiset, 1993-1994
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 18-64 |
Otoksen koko: | 4747 |
Viitteet: | Ismail MN, Zawaih H, Chee SS, Ng KK. Prevalence of obesity and chronic energy deficiency (CED) in adult Malaysians. Malays J Nutrition. 1995; 1:1-9 |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. |
Lapset, 2019
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 5-17 |
Otoksen koko: | ~ 3500 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | NHMS 2019. Institute for Public Health (IKU) available at http://www.iku.gov.my/nhms-2019 (last accessed 17.09.20) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Lapset, 2017
Tutkimustyyppi: | Itse ilmoitettu |
Ikä: | 10-17 |
Otoksen koko: | 40017 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2017. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2017: Adolescent Nutrition Survey 2017, Malaysia. https://iku.gov.my/images/IKU/Document/REPORT/NHMS2017/NutritionSurveyNHMS2017.pdf (Accessed 05.06.23) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Lapset, 2012
Tutkimustyyppi: | Itse ilmoitettu |
Ikä: | 13-17 |
Otoksen koko: | 25507 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), available at https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/194/download/1523 (last accessed 05.06.2023) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Lapset, 2006
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 7-12 |
Otoksen koko: | 7749 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS III, 2006) published in Naidu BM, Mahmud SZ, Ambak R et al. Overweight among primary school-age children in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2013;22 (3):408-415 |
Cutoffs: | IOTF |
% lihavuuden kanssa eläviä aikuisia, 1993-2019
Miehet
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Viitteet: | 1993: Ismail MN, Zawaih H, Chee SS, Ng KK. Prevalence of obesity and chronic energy deficiency (CED) in adult Malaysians. Malays J Nutrition. 1995; 1:1-9 2006: Khambalia AZ, Seen LS. Trends in overweight and obese adults in Malaysia (1996-2009): a systematic review. Obesity Reviews 2010; 11:403-412 2007: Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, Kamaruddin NA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Ali O, Isa SH, Bebakar WM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(1):35-41. 2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. | |
Näiden tietojen keräämisessä on voitu käyttää erilaisia menetelmiä, joten eri tutkimusten tiedot eivät välttämättä ole täysin vertailukelpoisia. Tarkista käytetyt menetelmät alkuperäisistä tietolähteistä |
Naiset
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Viitteet: | 1993: Ismail MN, Zawaih H, Chee SS, Ng KK. Prevalence of obesity and chronic energy deficiency (CED) in adult Malaysians. Malays J Nutrition. 1995; 1:1-9 2006: Khambalia AZ, Seen LS. Trends in overweight and obese adults in Malaysia (1996-2009): a systematic review. Obesity Reviews 2010; 11:403-412 2007: Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, Kamaruddin NA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Ali O, Isa SH, Bebakar WM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(1):35-41. 2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. | |
Näiden tietojen keräämisessä on voitu käyttää erilaisia menetelmiä, joten eri tutkimusten tiedot eivät välttämättä ole täysin vertailukelpoisia. Tarkista käytetyt menetelmät alkuperäisistä tietolähteistä |
% ylipainon tai lihavuuden kanssa eläviä aikuisia, 1993-2019
Miehet
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Viitteet: | 1993: Ismail MN, Zawaih H, Chee SS, Ng KK. Prevalence of obesity and chronic energy deficiency (CED) in adult Malaysians. Malays J Nutrition. 1995; 1:1-9 2006: Khambalia AZ, Seen LS. Trends in overweight and obese adults in Malaysia (1996-2009): a systematic review. Obesity Reviews 2010; 11:403-412 2007: Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, Kamaruddin NA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Ali O, Isa SH, Bebakar WM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(1):35-41. 2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. | |
Näiden tietojen keräämisessä on voitu käyttää erilaisia menetelmiä, joten eri tutkimusten tiedot eivät välttämättä ole täysin vertailukelpoisia. Tarkista käytetyt menetelmät alkuperäisistä tietolähteistä |
Naiset
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Viitteet: | 1993: Ismail MN, Zawaih H, Chee SS, Ng KK. Prevalence of obesity and chronic energy deficiency (CED) in adult Malaysians. Malays J Nutrition. 1995; 1:1-9 2006: Khambalia AZ, Seen LS. Trends in overweight and obese adults in Malaysia (1996-2009): a systematic review. Obesity Reviews 2010; 11:403-412 2007: Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, Kamaruddin NA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Ali O, Isa SH, Bebakar WM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(1):35-41. 2015: Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. | |
Näiden tietojen keräämisessä on voitu käyttää erilaisia menetelmiä, joten eri tutkimusten tiedot eivät välttämättä ole täysin vertailukelpoisia. Tarkista käytetyt menetelmät alkuperäisistä tietolähteistä |
% lihavuuden kanssa eläviä aikuisia, valitut maat, 1976-2023
Miehet
Viitteet: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993: Solon FS. Nutrition related chronic diseases in the Philippines. Makati city, Philippines: Nutrition Center of the Philippines Report Series, vol 2, No.1, cited in Reference 53 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Data provided by the Philippean Depatment of Health, Dr C. Barbu, data reanalysed by Dr Charmaine Duante. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey. 2007: Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, Kamaruddin NA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Ali O, Isa SH, Bebakar WM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(1):35-41. 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011, 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20) 2014: New Zealand Health Survey 2014/15. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2014-15-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 16.12.2015) 2015: 2015 Philippine Anthropometric Survey. http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/preview.php?xx=%20uploads/2015_ANTHROPOMETRIC_SURVEY.pdf 2016: Ministry of Health. 2018. Annual Data Explorer 2017/18: New Zealand Health Survey [Data File]. URL: https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2017-18-annual-data-explorer/(last accessed 14th December 2017) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) 2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators accessed 14.11.19) 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) |
Näiden tietojen keräämisessä on voitu käyttää erilaisia menetelmiä, joten eri tutkimusten tiedot eivät välttämättä ole täysin vertailukelpoisia. Tarkista käytetyt menetelmät alkuperäisistä tietolähteistä |
Naiset
Viitteet: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993: Solon FS. Nutrition related chronic diseases in the Philippines. Makati city, Philippines: Nutrition Center of the Philippines Report Series, vol 2, No.1, cited in Reference 53 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Data provided by the Philippean Depatment of Health, Dr C. Barbu, data reanalysed by Dr Charmaine Duante. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey. 2007: Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, Kamaruddin NA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Ali O, Isa SH, Bebakar WM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(1):35-41. 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011, 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20) 2014: New Zealand Health Survey 2014/15. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2014-15-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 16.12.2015) 2015: 2015 Philippine Anthropometric Survey. http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/preview.php?xx=%20uploads/2015_ANTHROPOMETRIC_SURVEY.pdf 2016: Ministry of Health. 2018. Annual Data Explorer 2017/18: New Zealand Health Survey [Data File]. URL: https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2017-18-annual-data-explorer/(last accessed 14th December 2017) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) 2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators accessed 14.11.19) 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) |
Näiden tietojen keräämisessä on voitu käyttää erilaisia menetelmiä, joten eri tutkimusten tiedot eivät välttämättä ole täysin vertailukelpoisia. Tarkista käytetyt menetelmät alkuperäisistä tietolähteistä |
Ylipaino/lihavuus koulutuksen mukaan
Aikuiset, 2019
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 18+ |
Otoksen koko: | 9935 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems |
Huomiot: | Malaysian specific cut offs also available |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. |
Lapset, 2017
Tutkimustyyppi: | Itse ilmoitettu |
Ikä: | 10-17 |
Otoksen koko: | 40017 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2017. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2017: Adolescent Nutrition Survey 2017, Malaysia. https://iku.gov.my/images/IKU/Document/REPORT/NHMS2017/NutritionSurveyNHMS2017.pdf (Accessed 05.06.23) |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Lapset, 2014-2015
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 12 |
Otoksen koko: | 3798 |
Peittoalue: | Regional - Terengganu |
Viitteet: | Ahmad, Aryati, et al. “Association between Socioeconomic Status and Obesity among 12-Year-Old Malaysian Adolescents.” PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 7, 25 July 2018, p. e0200577, 10.1371/journal.pone.0200577. Accessed 01.11.21. |
Huomiot: | Urban schools |
Määritelmät: | Mother's education level |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Lapset, 2006
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 7-12 |
Otoksen koko: | 7749 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS III, 2006) published in Naidu BM, Mahmud SZ, Ambak R et al. Overweight among primary school-age children in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2013;22 (3):408-415 |
Huomiot: | IOTF International Cut Off |
Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Ylipaino/lihavuus iän mukaan
Aikuiset, 2019
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Otoksen koko: | 9935 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems |
Huomiot: | Malaysian specific cut offs also available |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. |
Lapset, 2012
Tutkimustyyppi: | Itse ilmoitettu |
Otoksen koko: | 25,507 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Global School-Based Student Health Survey Factsheet Malaysia 2012. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/ncds/ncd-surveillance/data-reporting/malaysia/gshs/malaysia-2012-gshs-fs-national.pdf?sfvrsn=56e59de7_3&download=true. Accessed 05.10.21. |
Ylipaino/lihavuus alueen mukaan
Aikuiset, 2019
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 18+ |
Otoksen koko: | 9935 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems |
Huomiot: | Malaysia specific cut offs also available |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. |
Lapset, 2019
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 5-17 |
Otoksen koko: | 3179 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019. Available at: http://iku.gov.my/images/IKU/Document/REPORT/NHMS2019/Report_NHMS2019-NCD_v2.pdf. Accessed 01.11.21. |
Määritelmät: | BMI-for-Age |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Lapset, 2006
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 7-12 |
Otoksen koko: | 7749 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS III, 2006) published in Naidu BM, Mahmud SZ, Ambak R et al. Overweight among primary school-age children in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2013;22 (3):408-415 |
Huomiot: | IOTF International Cut Off |
Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Ylipaino/lihavuus sosioekonomisen ryhmän mukaan
Aikuiset, 2019
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 18+ |
Otoksen koko: | 9935 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems |
Huomiot: | Malaysian Cut off also available |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. |
Lapset, 2019
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 5-17 |
Otoksen koko: | 3179 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019. Available at: http://iku.gov.my/images/IKU/Document/REPORT/NHMS2019/Report_NHMS2019-NCD_v2.pdf. Accessed 01.11.21. |
Huomiot: | Household Income Category |
Määritelmät: | BMI-for-Age |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Lapset, 2006
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 7-12 |
Otoksen koko: | 7749 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS III, 2006) published in Naidu BM, Mahmud SZ, Ambak R et al. Overweight among primary school-age children in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2013;22 (3):408-415 |
Huomiot: | IOTF International Cut Off Parental Income (RM) |
Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Ylipaino/lihavuus etnisen alkuperän mukaan
Ethnic groups are as defined by publication of origin and are not as defined by WOF. In some instances ethnicity is conflated with nationality and/or race.
Aikuiset, 2019
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 18+ |
Otoksen koko: | 9935 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems |
Huomiot: | Malaysian specific cut offs also available |
Ellei toisin mainita, ylipaino viittaa kehon painoindeksiin 25–29,9 kg/m², lihavuus viittaa yli 30 kg/m²:n painoindeksiin. |
Lapset, 2019
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 5-17 |
Otoksen koko: | 3179 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019. Available at: http://iku.gov.my/images/IKU/Document/REPORT/NHMS2019/Report_NHMS2019-NCD_v2.pdf. Accessed 01.11.21. |
Määritelmät: | BMI-for-Age |
Cutoffs: | WHO |
Riittämätön liikunta
Aikuiset, 2016
Viitteet: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Miehet, 2016
Viitteet: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Naiset, 2016
Viitteet: | Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 |
Lapset, 2016
Tutkimustyyppi: | Itse ilmoitettu |
Ikä: | 11-17 |
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Huomiot: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Määritelmät: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Pojat, 2016
Tutkimustyyppi: | Itse ilmoitettu |
Ikä: | 11-17 |
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Huomiot: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Määritelmät: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Tytöt, 2016
Tutkimustyyppi: | Itse ilmoitettu |
Ikä: | 11-17 |
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21) |
Huomiot: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Määritelmät: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Lapset, 2010
Ikä: | 11-17 |
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Huomiot: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Määritelmät: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Pojat, 2010
Ikä: | 11-17 |
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Huomiot: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Määritelmät: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Tytöt, 2010
Ikä: | 11-17 |
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en |
Huomiot: | % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. |
Määritelmät: | % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate) |
Hiilihapotettujen virvoitusjuomien keskimääräinen päivittäinen kulutusmäärä
Lapset, 2010-2015
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 12-17 |
Viitteet: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Aikuiset, 2017
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 25+ |
Viitteet: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Määritelmät: | Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day) |
Harvemmin kuin päivittäin nautittujen hedelmien yleisyys
Lapset, 2010-2015
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 12-17 |
Viitteet: | Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Määritelmät: | Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption) |
Harvemmin kuin päivittäin nautittujen vihannesten yleisyys
Lapset, 2010-2015
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 12-17 |
Viitteet: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Määritelmät: | Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption) |
Pikaruoan viikoittaiset kulutuskerrat keskimäärin
Lapset, 2010-2015
Ikä: | 12-17 |
Viitteet: | Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system |
Arvioitu lihajalosteiden kulutus henkeä kohti
Aikuiset, 2017
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 25+ |
Viitteet: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Määritelmät: | Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day) |
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Aikuiset, 2017
Tutkimustyyppi: | Mitattu |
Ikä: | 25+ |
Viitteet: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
Määritelmät: | Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day) |
Mielenterveys – masennustilat
Aikuiset, 2015
Viitteet: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Määritelmät: | % of population with depression disorders |
Mielenterveys – ahdistuneisuushäiriöt
Aikuiset, 2015
Viitteet: | Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
Määritelmät: | % of population with anxiety disorders |
% vauvoista, joita on pelkästään imetetty 0–5 kk
Lapset, 2004-2020
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Malaysia National Health and Morbidity Survey 2016 |
Huomiot: | See UNICEF website for further survey information. Available at : https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/infant-young-child-feeding/ (last accessed 28.9.21) Citation: United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring (2021). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York, September 2021. |
Määritelmät: | % exclusively breastfed 0-5 months |
Ruokatorven syöpä
Miehet, 2020
Ikä: | 20+ |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2231 |
Määritelmät: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Naiset, 2020
Ikä: | 20+ |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2231 |
Määritelmät: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Rintasyöpä
Naiset, 2020
Ikä: | 20+ |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2231 |
Määritelmät: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Paksusuolen syöpä
Miehet, 2020
Ikä: | 20+ |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2231 |
Määritelmät: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Naiset, 2020
Ikä: | 20+ |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2231 |
Määritelmät: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Haimasyöpä
Miehet, 2020
Ikä: | 20+ |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2231 |
Määritelmät: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Naiset, 2020
Ikä: | 20+ |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2231 |
Määritelmät: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Sappirakon syöpä
Miehet, 2020
Ikä: | 20+ |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2231 |
Määritelmät: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Naiset, 2020
Ikä: | 20+ |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2231 |
Määritelmät: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Munuaissyöpä
Miehet, 2020
Ikä: | 20+ |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2231 |
Määritelmät: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Naiset, 2020
Ikä: | 20+ |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2231 |
Määritelmät: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Kohdunkaulan syöpä
Naiset, 2020
Ikä: | 20+ |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today, accessed 10.01.2231 |
Määritelmät: | Age-standardized indicence rates per 100 000 |
Kohonnut verenpaine
Aikuiset, 2015
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Määritelmät: | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Miehet, 2015
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Määritelmät: | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Naiset, 2015
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en |
Määritelmät: | Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90). |
Kohonnut kolesteroli
Aikuiset, 2008
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Määritelmät: | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Miehet, 2008
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Määritelmät: | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Naiset, 2008
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885 |
Määritelmät: | % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate). |
Kohonnut verensokerin paastoarvo
Miehet, 2014
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Määritelmät: | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Naiset, 2014
Viitteet: | Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en |
Määritelmät: | Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication). |
Diabeteksen esiintyvyys
Aikuiset, 2021
Ikä: | 20-79 |
Peittoalue: | Kansallinen |
Viitteet: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Määritelmät: | Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % |
Aikuiset, 2019
Ikä: | 20-79 |
Viitteet: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Määritelmät: | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Aikuiset, 2017
Viitteet: | Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
Määritelmät: | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Economic impact of overweight and obesity
Policies, Interventions and Actions
Contextual factors
Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.
Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.
Labelling
Is there mandatory nutrition labelling? | Present |
Front-of-package labelling? | Present-(voluntary) |
Back-of-pack nutrition declaration? | Present |
Color coding? | Absent |
Warning label? | Absent |
Regulation and marketing
Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products? | Present |
Tax on unhealthy foods? | Absent |
Tax on unhealthy drinks? | Present |
Are there fiscal policies on healthy products? | Absent |
Subsidy on fruits? | Absent |
Subsidy on vegetables? | Absent |
Subsidy on other healthy products? | Absent |
Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)? | Absent |
Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? | Absent |
Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
Mandatory restriction on broadcast media? | Incoming |
Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media? | Absent |
Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Present |
Are there mandatory standards for food in schools? | Present |
Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products? | Absent |
Nutrition standards for public sector procurement? | Absent |
Political will and support
National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy? | Present |
National obesity strategy? | Present |
National childhood obesity strategy? | Present |
Comprehensive nutrition strategy? | Present |
Comprehensive physical activity strategy? | Present |
Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs? | Present |
National target(s) on reducing obesity? | Present |
Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment? | Present |
Promotion of breastfeeding? | Present |
Monitoring and surveillance
Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors? | Present |
Within 5 years? | Present |
Governance and resource
Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)? | Present |
Key
Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown
Last updated September 13, 2022
Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions