Haiti
Lower-middle income
- Panoramica
- Prevalenza dell'obesità
- Tendenze nel tempo
- Contextual factors
Caricamento dei dati - attendi
Rischio nazionale di obesità *9/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Rischio di obesità infantile *7/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Report cards
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Ripartizioni della popolazione
Fattori
Comorbilità
Cancro dell'esofago
Cancro al seno
Cancro colon-rettale
Cancro del pancreas
Cancro della colecisti
Cancro del rene
Cancro dell'utero
Aumento della pressione arteriosa
Aumento del colesterolo
Aumento della glicemia a digiuno
Prevalenza del diabete
Ovarian Cancer
Leukemia
Liver & bile duct cancer
Mulitple Myeloma
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
Thyroid Cancer
Impatto economico
Politiche (disponibile solo in inglese)
Contextual factors
Prevalenza dell'obesità
Donne, 2016-2017
| Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
| Età: | 15-49 |
| Dimensioni del campione: | 8903 |
| Area coperta: | Nazionale |
| Riferimenti: | Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance - IHE and ICF. 2018. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services - EMMUS-VI 2016-2017 Pétion-Ville, Haïti, et Rockville, Maryland, USA : IHE et ICF. |
| Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59. |
| Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². | |
Donne, 2012
| Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
| Età: | 15-49 |
| Dimensioni del campione: | 8769 |
| Area coperta: | Nazionale |
| Riferimenti: | Cayemittes, Michel, Michelle Fatuma Busangu, Jean de Dieu Bizimana, Bernard Barrère, Blaise Sévère, Viviane Cayemittes and Emmanuel Charles. 2013. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services, Haïti, 2012. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population - MSPP/Haïti , l’Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance - IHE, and ICF International. |
| Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59. |
| Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². | |
Donne, 2005-2006
| Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
| Età: | 15-49 |
| Dimensioni del campione: | 4897 |
| Area coperta: | Nazionale |
| Riferimenti: | Cayemittes, Michel, Marie Florence Placide, Soumaïla Mariko, Bernard Barrère, Blaise Sévère, and Canez Alexandre. 2007. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services, Haïti, 2005-2006. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance and Macro International. |
| Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males aged 15-59. |
| Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². | |
Donne, 1994-1995
| Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
| Età: | 15-49 |
| Dimensioni del campione: | 1896 |
| Riferimenti: | Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 |
| Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | The data from this paper was sourced from the Demographic Health Survey Programme https://dhsprogram.com/ Central Statistical Office and Macro International. Calverton, Maryland, USA |
| Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². | |
Ragazze, 2012
| Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
| Età: | 15-19 |
| Dimensioni del campione: | 1804 |
| Area coperta: | Nazionale |
| Riferimenti: | Benedict, Rukundo K., Allison Schmale, and Sorrel Namaste. 2018. Adolescent Nutrition 2000-2017: DHS Data on Adolescents Age 15-19. DHS Comparative Report No. 47. Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF. Cayemittes, Michel, Michelle Fatuma Busangu, Jean de Dieu Bizimana, Bernard Barrère, Blaise Sévère, Viviane Cayemittes and Emmanuel Charles. 2013. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services, Haïti, 2012. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population - MSPP/Haïti , l’Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance - IHE, and ICF International. |
| Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | BMI for age: between +1 SD and +2 SD is overweight and greater than +2 SD is obesity |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Bambini, 2012-2013
| Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
| Età: | 3-13 |
| Dimensioni del campione: | 968 |
| Area coperta: | Urbano |
| Riferimenti: | Morshed, A., Becker, H., Delnatus, J., Wolff, P., & Iannotti, L. (2016). Early nutrition transition in Haiti: Linking food purchasing and availability to overweight status in school-aged children. Public Health Nutrition, 19(18), 3378-3385. doi:10.1017/S1368980016001671 |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
0-5 years, 2016-2017
| Età: | 0-5 |
| Dimensioni del campione: | 6589 |
| Riferimenti: | DHS: Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services (EMMUS-VI 2016-2017) Pétion-Ville, Haïti, et Rockville, Maryland, USA : IHE et ICF |
| Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2012
| Età: | 0-5 |
| Dimensioni del campione: | 4538 |
| Riferimenti: | DHS: Enquête mortalité, morbidité et utilisation des services, Haïti, 2012. Demographic and Health Surveys. Calverton, Maryland, USA : MSPP, IHE et ICF International, 2012 |
| Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2005-2006
| Età: | 0-5 |
| Dimensioni del campione: | 2870 |
| Riferimenti: | DHS: Enquête mortalité, morbidité et utilisation des services, Haïti, 2005-2006. DHS. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Institut Haïtien de l'Enfance et Macro International Inc., 2007 |
| Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 2000
| Età: | 0-5 |
| Dimensioni del campione: | 6258 |
| Riferimenti: | DHS: Enquête mortalité, morbidité et utilisation des services, Haiti 2000. Demographic and Health Surveys. Calverton, Maryland: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Institut Haitien de l'Enfance et ORC Macro, 2001 |
| Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
0-5 years, 1994-1995
| Età: | 0-5 |
| Dimensioni del campione: | 2849 |
| Riferimenti: | DHS: Enquête mortalité, morbidité et utlisation des services (EMMUS-II) Haiti 1994/95. Demographic and Health Surveys. Pétionville, Haiti, 1995 |
| Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Overweight (Survey Estimates), May 2023, New York. For more information about the methodology, please consult https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-2023-country-consultations/ Percentage of children under 5 years of age falling above 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median weight-for-height of the reference population. |
| Definizioni (disponibile solo in inglese): | =>+2SD |
% Adults living with obesity in Haiti 1994-2016
| Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
| Riferimenti: | 1994: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 2005: Cayemittes, Michel, Marie Florence Placide, Soumaïla Mariko, Bernard Barrère, Blaise Sévère, and Canez Alexandre. 2007. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services, Haïti, 2005-2006. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance and Macro International. 2012: Cayemittes, Michel, Michelle Fatuma Busangu, Jean de Dieu Bizimana, Bernard Barrère, Blaise Sévère, Viviane Cayemittes and Emmanuel Charles. 2013. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services, Haïti, 2012. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population - MSPP/Haïti , l’Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance - IHE, and ICF International. 2016: Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance - IHE and ICF. 2018. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services - EMMUS-VI 2016-2017 Pétion-Ville, Haïti, et Rockville, Maryland, USA : IHE et ICF. |
| Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | Adults aged 15-49 |
| Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². | |
| Potrebbero essere state utilizzate metodologie diverse di raccolta dei dati e per questo motivo i dati di indagini diverse potrebbero non essere direttamente comparabili. | |
% Adults living with overweight or obesity in Haiti 1994-2016
| Tipo di sondaggio: | Misurato |
| Riferimenti: | 1994: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 2005: Cayemittes, Michel, Marie Florence Placide, Soumaïla Mariko, Bernard Barrère, Blaise Sévère, and Canez Alexandre. 2007. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services, Haïti, 2005-2006. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance and Macro International. 2012: Cayemittes, Michel, Michelle Fatuma Busangu, Jean de Dieu Bizimana, Bernard Barrère, Blaise Sévère, Viviane Cayemittes and Emmanuel Charles. 2013. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services, Haïti, 2012. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population - MSPP/Haïti , l’Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance - IHE, and ICF International. 2016: Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance - IHE and ICF. 2018. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services - EMMUS-VI 2016-2017 Pétion-Ville, Haïti, et Rockville, Maryland, USA : IHE et ICF. |
| Note (disponibile solo in inglese): | Adults aged 15-49 |
| Salvo diversa indicazione, il sovrappeso si riferisce a un BMI compreso tra 25 kg e 29,9 kg/m², l'obesità si riferisce a un BMI superiore a 30 kg/m². | |
| Potrebbero essere state utilizzate metodologie diverse di raccolta dei dati e per questo motivo i dati di indagini diverse potrebbero non essere direttamente comparabili. | |
% Adults living with obesity in selected countries in the Americas Region 1960-2018, paesi selezionati
Uomini
| Riferimenti: | 1960, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1988, 1991: Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kuczmarski RJ, Johnson CL. Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960-1994. International Journal of Obesity (1998);22:39-47 1975: Monteiro CA, Conde WL, Popking BM. Is obesity replacing or adding to undernutrition? Evidence from different social classes in Brazil. 2002. Public Health Nutrition:51(1A), 105-112 1992: Uauy R, Albal C, Kain J. Obesity Trends in Latin America: Transiting from Under-to Overweight. Journal of Nutrition 2001;131:S893-S899 1994, 1995: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1997: Filozof C, Gonzales C, Sereday M, Mazza C, Braguinsky J. Obesity prevalence and trends in Latin American countries. Obesity Reviews, 2001;2:99-196 1998: Instituto Nacional de Estadística - INE/Guatemala and Macro International. 1999. Guatemala Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil 1998-1999. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Instituto Nacional de Estadística - INE/Guatemala and Macro International. 1999: Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ 2000: Personal Communication from Dr C Sanchez Castillio, Body Mass Index cutoff points for Type 2 Diabetes Melliuts and Hypertension in the Mexican National Health Survey 2000. 2001: Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA 2006;295(13):1549-1555 2002: Monteiro CA, Conde WL and Popkin BA. (2007). Income-specific trends in obesity in Brazil: 1975 - 2003. American Journal of Public Health, 97 (10): 1808 - 1812. 2003: Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA,Tabak CJ, & Flegal KM. (2006). Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol 295(13):1549 - 1555. 2005: 1st Argentinian National Survey of Risk Factors (Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo). Results from 1-3rd survey reported in the 4th survey report: https://www.indec.gob.ar/ftp/cuadros/publicaciones/enfr_2018_resultados_definitivos.pdf 2006: Olaiz-Fernández G, Rivera-Dommarco J, Shamah-Levy T, Rojas R, Villalpando-Hernández S, Hernández-Avila M, Sepúlveda-Amor J. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006. Cuernavaca, México: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 2006. (National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006). 2007: Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INEI/Peru and ORC Macro. 2009. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2007-2008. Lima, Perú: INEI/Peru and ORC Macro. 2008: Ramirez-Zea M, Kroker-Lobos MF, Close-Fernandez R, Kanter R. The double burden of malnutrition in indigenous and nonindigenous Guatemalan populations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Dec;100(6):1644S-51S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.083857 2009: Encuesta Nacional de Salud. Chile. 2009-2010. https://www.minsal.cl/portal/url/item/bcb03d7bc28b64dfe040010165012d23.pdf (Last accessed 04.08.20) 2010: Ojeda, Gabriel, Myriam Ordonez, and Luis Hernando Ochoa. 2011. Colombia Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud 2010. Bogotá, Colombia: Profamilia. 2011: Ruopeng An, “Prevalence and Trends of Adult Obesity in the US, 1999–2012”, ISRN Obesity, vol. 2014, Article ID 185132, 6 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/185132 2012: Cayemittes, Michel, Michelle Fatuma Busangu, Jean de Dieu Bizimana, Bernard Barrère, Blaise Sévère, Viviane Cayemittes and Emmanuel Charles. 2013. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services, Haïti, 2012. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population - MSPP/Haïti , l’Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance - IHE, and ICF International. 2013: Flegal KM, Kruszon-Moran D, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014. JAMA. 2016;315(21):2284-2291. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6458. 2014: Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INE/Perú. 2015. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2014. Lima, Perú: INEI/Perú. 2015: NHANES 2015/16. Analysis conducted by the World Obesity Federation, Caroline Litts, Fiona Montague & R Jackson-Leach 2017 2016: Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance - IHE and ICF. 2018. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services - EMMUS-VI 2016-2017 Pétion-Ville, Haïti, et Rockville, Maryland, USA : IHE et ICF. 2017: Reanalysis of NHANES 2017/18 by Rachel Jackson Leach, Jaynaide Powis World Obesity Federation 2018: 4th National Survey, Full report available at http://www.msal.gob.ar/images/stories/bes/graficos/0000001622cnt-2019-10_4ta-encuesta-nacional-factores-riesgo.pdf (last accessed 29.04.20) 2019: Pesquisa nacional de saúde : 2019 : ciclos de vida : Brasil / IBGE, Coordenação de Trabalho e Rendimento. - Rio de Janeiro : IBGE, 2021. Available at https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/health/16840-national-survey-of-health.html?=&t=resultados (last accessed 04.04.23) 2020: Shamah-Levy T, Romero-Martínez M, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Cuevas-Nasu L, Bautista-Arredondo S, Colchero MA, GaonaPineda EB, Lazcano-Ponce E, Martínez-Barnetche J, Alpuche-Arana C, Rivera-Dommarco J. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2020 sobre Covid-19. Resultados nacionales. Cuernavaca, México: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 2021. https://ensanut.insp.mx/encuestas/ensanutcontinua2020/doctos/informes/ensanutCovid19ResultadosNacionales.pdf (Accessed 11.01.2022) 2021: Shamah-Levy T, Romero-Martínez M, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Cuevas-Nasu L, Bautista-Arredondo S, Colchero MA, Gaona-Pineda EB, Lazcano-Ponce E,Martínez-Barnetche J, Alpuche-Arana C, Rivera-Dommarco J. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2021 sobre Covid-19. Resultados nacionales. Cuernavaca, México: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 2022. https://ensanut.insp.mx/encuestas/ensanutcontinua2021/informes.php (Accessed 03.01.2023) 2022: Perú: Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2022 - Nacional y Departamental. Available at https://www.gob.pe/institucion/inei/informes-publicaciones/4233597-peru-encuesta-demografica-y-de-salud-familiar-endes-2022 2023: Shamah-Levy T, Lazcano-Ponce EC, Cuevas-Nasu L, Romero-Martínez M, Gaona-Pineda EB, Gómez-Acosta LM, Mendoza-Alvarado LR, Méndez-Gómez-Humarán I. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2023. Resultados Nacionales. Cuernavaca, México: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 2024. |
| Potrebbero essere state utilizzate metodologie diverse di raccolta dei dati e per questo motivo i dati di indagini diverse potrebbero non essere direttamente comparabili. | |
Donne
| Riferimenti: | 1960, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1988, 1991: Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kuczmarski RJ, Johnson CL. Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960-1994. International Journal of Obesity (1998);22:39-47 1975: Monteiro CA, Conde WL, Popking BM. Is obesity replacing or adding to undernutrition? Evidence from different social classes in Brazil. 2002. Public Health Nutrition:51(1A), 105-112 1992: Uauy R, Albal C, Kain J. Obesity Trends in Latin America: Transiting from Under-to Overweight. Journal of Nutrition 2001;131:S893-S899 1994, 1995: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1997: Filozof C, Gonzales C, Sereday M, Mazza C, Braguinsky J. Obesity prevalence and trends in Latin American countries. Obesity Reviews, 2001;2:99-196 1998: Instituto Nacional de Estadística - INE/Guatemala and Macro International. 1999. Guatemala Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil 1998-1999. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Instituto Nacional de Estadística - INE/Guatemala and Macro International. 1999: Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ 2000: Personal Communication from Dr C Sanchez Castillio, Body Mass Index cutoff points for Type 2 Diabetes Melliuts and Hypertension in the Mexican National Health Survey 2000. 2001: Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA 2006;295(13):1549-1555 2002: Monteiro CA, Conde WL and Popkin BA. (2007). Income-specific trends in obesity in Brazil: 1975 - 2003. American Journal of Public Health, 97 (10): 1808 - 1812. 2003: Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA,Tabak CJ, & Flegal KM. (2006). Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol 295(13):1549 - 1555. 2005: 1st Argentinian National Survey of Risk Factors (Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo). Results from 1-3rd survey reported in the 4th survey report: https://www.indec.gob.ar/ftp/cuadros/publicaciones/enfr_2018_resultados_definitivos.pdf 2006: Olaiz-Fernández G, Rivera-Dommarco J, Shamah-Levy T, Rojas R, Villalpando-Hernández S, Hernández-Avila M, Sepúlveda-Amor J. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006. Cuernavaca, México: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 2006. (National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006). 2007: Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INEI/Peru and ORC Macro. 2009. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2007-2008. Lima, Perú: INEI/Peru and ORC Macro. 2008: Ramirez-Zea M, Kroker-Lobos MF, Close-Fernandez R, Kanter R. The double burden of malnutrition in indigenous and nonindigenous Guatemalan populations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Dec;100(6):1644S-51S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.083857 2009: Encuesta Nacional de Salud. Chile. 2009-2010. https://www.minsal.cl/portal/url/item/bcb03d7bc28b64dfe040010165012d23.pdf (Last accessed 04.08.20) 2010: Ojeda, Gabriel, Myriam Ordonez, and Luis Hernando Ochoa. 2011. Colombia Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud 2010. Bogotá, Colombia: Profamilia. 2011: Ruopeng An, “Prevalence and Trends of Adult Obesity in the US, 1999–2012”, ISRN Obesity, vol. 2014, Article ID 185132, 6 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/185132 2012: Cayemittes, Michel, Michelle Fatuma Busangu, Jean de Dieu Bizimana, Bernard Barrère, Blaise Sévère, Viviane Cayemittes and Emmanuel Charles. 2013. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services, Haïti, 2012. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population - MSPP/Haïti , l’Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance - IHE, and ICF International. 2013: Flegal KM, Kruszon-Moran D, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014. JAMA. 2016;315(21):2284-2291. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6458. 2014: Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática - INE/Perú. 2015. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2014. Lima, Perú: INEI/Perú. 2015: NHANES 2015/16. Analysis conducted by the World Obesity Federation, Caroline Litts, Fiona Montague & R Jackson-Leach 2017 2016: Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance - IHE and ICF. 2018. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services - EMMUS-VI 2016-2017 Pétion-Ville, Haïti, et Rockville, Maryland, USA : IHE et ICF. 2017: Reanalysis of NHANES 2017/18 by Rachel Jackson Leach, Jaynaide Powis World Obesity Federation 2018: 4th National Survey, Full report available at http://www.msal.gob.ar/images/stories/bes/graficos/0000001622cnt-2019-10_4ta-encuesta-nacional-factores-riesgo.pdf (last accessed 29.04.20) 2019: Pesquisa nacional de saúde : 2019 : ciclos de vida : Brasil / IBGE, Coordenação de Trabalho e Rendimento. - Rio de Janeiro : IBGE, 2021. Available at https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/health/16840-national-survey-of-health.html?=&t=resultados (last accessed 04.04.23) 2020: Shamah-Levy T, Romero-Martínez M, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Cuevas-Nasu L, Bautista-Arredondo S, Colchero MA, GaonaPineda EB, Lazcano-Ponce E, Martínez-Barnetche J, Alpuche-Arana C, Rivera-Dommarco J. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2020 sobre Covid-19. 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