Finland
High income
- Overview
- Obesity prevalence
- Trends over time
- Contextual factors
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National obesity risk *6.5/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Childhood obesity risk *7/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Report cards
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Population breakdowns
Drivers
Insufficient activity
Sugar consumption
Soft drink consumption
Confectionery consumption
Sweet/savoury snack consumption
Fruit consumption
Vegetable consumption
Processed meat consumption
Grains consumption
Depression
Anxiety
Roots of obesity »
Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.Unaffordable diet
Comorbidities
Economic impact
Policies
Contextual factors
Obesity prevalence
Adults, 2023
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 20+ |
| Sample size: | 5670 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Healthy Finland survey 2023. https://repo.thl.fi/sites/tervesuomi/ilmioraportit_2023/lihavuus.html (Accessed 5.12.23) |
| Notes: | Permanent residents only. The health examination took place in January-June 2023. |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2022
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 16+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Eurostat 2022 Data. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_hch10/default/table?lang=en (last accessed 19.03.25) |
| Notes: | EUROSTAT 2022 data derived from EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) survey which includes adults aged 16+ years. This differs from most EUROSTAT data which is derived from the Health Interview Surveys, which includes adults aged 15+ years (though sometimes only data from adults aged 18+ reported) |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2019
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 20+ |
| Sample size: | 10,000 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Finland National Health, Welfare and Services Survey (FinSote) - FinSote 2019 . Data available at:https://sotkanet.fi/sotkanet/en/haku?q=obesity. Last accessed: 27.05.21. |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2019
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Eurostat 2019. Data available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21) |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2017
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 30+ |
| Sample size: | 9,288 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Koponen P. FinTerveys., 2017. Terveys, toimintakyky ja hyvinvointi Suomessa. Available: http://www.julkari.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/136223/THL_RAP_2018_04_Finterveys_verkko.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y. [Last accessed 13th September 2018]. |
| Notes: | Data derived from The National FinHealth 2017 Survey, which combines the previous Health 2000/2011 and FINRISK Surveys. NB. Combined adult data estimated. These estimates were calculated by weighting male and female survey results. Weighting based on World Bank Population % total female 2019 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS - accessed 30.09.20)' |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2017
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | 2017 - EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2014
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 18+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | 2014 Eurostat Database:http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2012
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 25-64 |
| Sample size: | 4399 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Kansallinen FINRISKI 2012 -terveystutkimus - Osa 2: Tutkimuksen taulukkoliite. http://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/114942 (last accessed 9th November 2017) |
| Notes: | Data derived from the national FINRISK surveys at the National Institute for Health and Welfare THL. Figures are age-adjusted and population-weighted. |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2007
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 25-64 |
| Sample size: | 4804 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Peltonen M, Harald K, Männistö S, Saarikoski L, Lund L, Sundvall J, Juolevi A, Laatikainen T, Aldén-Nieminen H, Luoto R, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Taimi M, Vartiainen E. Kansallinen FINRISKI 2007 –terveystutkimus, Tutkimuksen toteutus ja tulokset: Taulukkoliite. Kansanterveyslaitos. Yliopistopaino, Helsinki 2008. |
| Notes: | Data derived from the national FINRISK surveys at the National Institute for Health and Welfare THL. Figures are age-adjusted and population-weighted. |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2000
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 30+ |
| References: | Personal Correspondence from Ailsa Rissanen, data presented at ECO 03 |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 2000-2003
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 15+ |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Eurostat Yearbook 2006/07. A goldmine of statistical information. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/5059290/1-20022007-BP-EN.PDF.pdf/edab8c31-b9f3-4c8e-b4db-4137bd045efa?t=1414683510000 (last accessed 04.11.21) |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 1992
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 25-64 |
| Sample size: | 4583 |
| References: | Lahti-Koski M, Pietinen P, Munnisto S, Vartiainen E. Trends in waist to hip ratio and its determinants in adults in Finland from 1987 to 1997. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000;72:1436-1444 |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Adults, 1982
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 25-64 |
| Sample size: | 9340 |
| References: | Lahti-Koski M, Vartiainen E, Mannisto S, Pietinen P. Age, education and occupation as determinants of trends in body mass index in Finland from 1982 to 1997. International Journal of Obesity (2000);24:1669-1676 |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
Children, 2022
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 13-16 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Finnish institute for Health and Welfare (THL)) https://sotkanet.fi/sotkanet/en/taulukko/?indicator=s_Z3tNY1BAA=®ion=s07MBAA=&year=sy5ztTbW0zUEAA==&gender=m;f;t&abs=f&color=f&buildVersion=3.1.1&buildTimestamp=202407081245 (Accessed 03.09.24) |
| Notes: | The data were extracted from the Register of Primary Health Care Visits (Avohilmo). The data are based on height and weight measurements taken at health care visits in child health clinics or school health care. |
| Definitions: | The definition of obesity is based on the body mass index. ISO-BMI (a body mass index corresponding to the adults' body mass index) describes the body mass index that a child will have as an adult if his or her weight index remains at the current level in comparison with the child's peers. Child and adolescent with obesity is defined as having an age and sex adjusted body mass index (ISO-BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or higher. Child and adolescent with overweight (incl. obesity) is defined as having an age and sex adjusted body mass index (ISO-BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or higher. |
| Cutoffs: | Other |
Children, 2022
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 7-12 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Finnish institute for Health and Welfare (THL)) https://sotkanet.fi/sotkanet/en/taulukko/?indicator=s_avAAA=®ion=s07MBAA=&year=sy5ztTbW0zUEAA==&gender=m;f;t&abs=f&color=f&buildVersion=3.1.1&buildTimestamp=202407081245 (Accessed 03.09.24) |
| Notes: | The data were extracted from the Register of Primary Health Care Visits (Avohilmo). The data are based on height and weight measurements taken at health care visits in child health clinics or school health care. |
| Definitions: | The definition of obesity is based on the body mass index. ISO-BMI (a body mass index corresponding to the adults' body mass index) describes the body mass index that a child will have as an adult if his or her weight index remains at the current level in comparison with the child's peers. Child and adolescent with obesity is defined as having an age and sex adjusted body mass index (ISO-BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or higher. Child and adolescent with overweight (incl. obesity) is defined as having an age and sex adjusted body mass index (ISO-BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or higher. |
| Cutoffs: | Other |
Children, 2022-2024
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 7 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI): A brief review of results from round 6 of COSI (2022-2024). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Children, 2021-2022
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 13 |
| References: | Rakic JG, Hamrik Z, Dzielska A, Felder-Puig R, Oja L, Bakalár P et al. A focus on adolescent physical activity, eating behaviours, weight status and body image in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 4. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. 'Any translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition' |
| Notes: | HBSC aims to survey approximately 1500 pupils per age group in each country or region (totaling around 4500) |
| Cutoffs: | +2SD |
Children, 2018-2020
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 8 |
| Sample size: | 3800 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Report on the fifth round of data collection, 2018–2020: WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. |
| Cutoffs: | WHO 2007 |
Children, 2015-2017
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 8 |
| Sample size: | 4511 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) Report on the fourth round of data collection, 2015–2017 (2021). Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/activities/who-european-childhood-obesity-surveillance-initiative-cosi/cosi-publications/who-european-childhood-obesity-surveillance-initiative-cosi-report-on-the-fourth-round-of-data-collection,-20152017-2021. Accessed 19.05.21. |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
Children, 2011-2014
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 9-12 |
| Sample size: | 10646 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Sarkkola C, Viljakainen J, de Oliveira Figueiredo R, A, Saari A, Lommi S, Engberg E, Viljakainen H: Prevalence of thinness, overweight, obesity and central obesity in Finnish school-aged children: a comparison of national and international reference values. Obes Facts 2021. doi: 10.1159/000521170 |
| Notes: | Study also have WHO and Finnish cut-offs. |
| Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Children, 2010
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| Age: | 13-15 |
| Sample size: | 4262 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Nuutinen, Teija, et al. “Clustering of Energy Balance-Related Behaviours, Sleep, and Overweight among Finnish Adolescents.” International Journal of Public Health, vol. 62, no. 8, 7 June 2017, pp. 929–938, 10.1007/s00038-017-0991-4. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28593331/. Accessed 12 May 2021. |
| Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Children, 2007-2009
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 11-16 |
| Sample size: | 1836 |
| Area covered: | National |
| References: | Parikka, S. et al.(2015)'Associations between parental BMI,socioeconomic factors, family structure and overweight in Finnish children: a path model approach', BMC Public Health, 15:271.DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1548-1 |
| Notes: | NB. Combined child data estimated. These estimates were calculated by weighting male and female survey results. Weighting based on World Bank Population % total female 2019 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS - accessed 09.11.20) |
| Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Children, 2006
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 12 |
| Sample size: | 4013 |
| Area covered: | Regional |
| References: | Vuorela N. (2009). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 5- and 12-year-old Finnish children in 1986 and 2006. Acta P¬údiatrica, 98; 507 - 512. |
| Cutoffs: | IOTF |
0-5 years, 1986
| Survey type: | Measured |
| Age: | 5 |
| Sample size: | 2108 |
| References: | Vuorela N, Saha MT, Salo M. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 5 and 12 year old Finnish children in 1986 and 2006. Acta Paediatrica 2009;98:507-512 |
| Cutoffs: | IOTF |
% Adults living with obesity in Finland 1982-2012
| Survey type: | Measured |
| References: | 1982: Lahti-Koski M, Vartiainen E, Mannisto S, Pietinen P. Age, education and occupation as determinants of trends in body mass index in Finland from 1982 to 1997. International Journal of Obesity (2000);24:1669-1676 1992: Lahti-Koski M, Pietinen P, Munnisto S, Vartiainen E. Trends in waist to hip ratio and its determinants in adults in Finland from 1987 to 1997. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000;72:1436-1444 2007: Peltonen M, Harald K, Männistö S, Saarikoski L, Lund L, Sundvall J, Juolevi A, Laatikainen T, Aldén-Nieminen H, Luoto R, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Taimi M, Vartiainen E. Kansallinen FINRISKI 2007 –terveystutkimus, Tutkimuksen toteutus ja tulokset: Taulukkoliite. Kansanterveyslaitos. Yliopistopaino, Helsinki 2008. 2012: Kansallinen FINRISKI 2012 -terveystutkimus - Osa 2: Tutkimuksen taulukkoliite. http://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/114942 (last accessed 9th November 2017) |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
% Adults living with overweight or obesity in Finland 1982-2012
| Survey type: | Measured |
| References: | 1982: Lahti-Koski M, Vartiainen E, Mannisto S, Pietinen P. Age, education and occupation as determinants of trends in body mass index in Finland from 1982 to 1997. International Journal of Obesity (2000);24:1669-1676 1992: Lahti-Koski M, Pietinen P, Munnisto S, Vartiainen E. Trends in waist to hip ratio and its determinants in adults in Finland from 1987 to 1997. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000;72:1436-1444 2007: Peltonen M, Harald K, Männistö S, Saarikoski L, Lund L, Sundvall J, Juolevi A, Laatikainen T, Aldén-Nieminen H, Luoto R, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Taimi M, Vartiainen E. Kansallinen FINRISKI 2007 –terveystutkimus, Tutkimuksen toteutus ja tulokset: Taulukkoliite. Kansanterveyslaitos. Yliopistopaino, Helsinki 2008. 2012: Kansallinen FINRISKI 2012 -terveystutkimus - Osa 2: Tutkimuksen taulukkoliite. http://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/114942 (last accessed 9th November 2017) |
| Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m². | |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
Trend adult Finland obesity 2000 2019
Women
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| References: | 2000: Eurostat Yearbook 2006/07. A goldmine of statistical information. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/5059290/1-20022007-BP-EN.PDF.pdf/edab8c31-b9f3-4c8e-b4db-4137bd045efa?t=1414683510000 (last accessed 04.11.21) 2014: 2014 Eurostat Database:http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) 2017: 2017 - EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) 2019: Eurostat 2019. Data available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21) |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
Men
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| References: | 2000: Eurostat Yearbook 2006/07. A goldmine of statistical information. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/5059290/1-20022007-BP-EN.PDF.pdf/edab8c31-b9f3-4c8e-b4db-4137bd045efa?t=1414683510000 (last accessed 04.11.21) 2014: 2014 Eurostat Database:http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) 2017: 2017 - EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) 2019: Eurostat 2019. Data available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21) |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
Trend Finalnd overweight obesity 2000 2019
Women
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| References: | 2000: Eurostat Yearbook 2006/07. A goldmine of statistical information. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/5059290/1-20022007-BP-EN.PDF.pdf/edab8c31-b9f3-4c8e-b4db-4137bd045efa?t=1414683510000 (last accessed 04.11.21) 2014: 2014 Eurostat Database:http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) 2017: 2017 - EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) 2019: Eurostat 2019. Data available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21) |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
Men
| Survey type: | Self-reported |
| References: | 2000: Eurostat Yearbook 2006/07. A goldmine of statistical information. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/5059290/1-20022007-BP-EN.PDF.pdf/edab8c31-b9f3-4c8e-b4db-4137bd045efa?t=1414683510000 (last accessed 04.11.21) 2014: 2014 Eurostat Database:http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) 2017: 2017 - EUROSTAT Database http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_hch10&lang=en (last accessed 25.08.20) 2019: Eurostat 2019. Data available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1i&lang=en (last accessed 09.08.21) |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
% Adults living with obesity in Europe 1976-2018, selected countries
Men
| References: | 1976, 1987, 1993: Visscher TLS, Kromhout D, Seidell J. Long term and recent time trends in the prevalence of obesity among Dutch men and women. IJO 2002;26:1218-24 1981: Royal College of Physicians (1983). Obesity. Reprinted from the Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London Vol 17 (No 1) January 1983 1982: Lahti-Koski M, Vartiainen E, Mannisto S, Pietinen P. Age, education and occupation as determinants of trends in body mass index in Finland from 1982 to 1997. International Journal of Obesity (2000);24:1669-1676 1985: Berg C, Rosengren A, Aires N, :appas G, Toren K, Thelle D, Lissner L. Trends in overweight and obesity from 1985 to 2002 in Goteborg, West Sweden. IJO 2005 Aug;29(8):916-24 1990: Aranceta J, Perex Rodrigo C, Serra Majem LI et al. Prevalence od Obesity in Spain: SEEDO'97 study. Spanish Collaborative Group for the Study of Obesity. Med Clin (Barc). 1998;117:441-5 1992: Lahti-Koski M, Pietinen P, Munnisto S, Vartiainen E. Trends in waist to hip ratio and its determinants in adults in Finland from 1987 to 1997. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000;72:1436-1444 1995: Health Survey for England 1995. 1996: Health Survey for England 1996. 1997: Pomerleau J, Pudule I, Grinberga D, Kadziauskiene K, Abaravicius A, Bartkeviciute R, Vaask S, Robertson A, McKee M. Patterns of body weight in the Baltic Republics. Public Health Nutrition. 2000;3:3-10 1998: Health Survey for England 1998. 1999: Health Survey for England 1999. 2000: Health Survey for England 2000. 2001: Health Survey for England 2001. 2002, 2007: Barzda A, Bartkevičiūtė R, Stukas R, Šatkutė R, Abaravičius JA. Lietuvos gyventojų kūno masės indekso pokyčiai 1997-2007 metais. Sveikatos mokslai 2009;3:2406-2410. (no English translation) 2003: Health Survey for England 2003. 2004: Health Survey for England 2004. 2005: Health Survey for England 2005. 2006: Health Survey for England 2006. 2008: Gutierrez-Fisac JL, Guallar-Castillion P, Leon-Munoz LM, Graciani A, Banegas JR & Rodriguez-Artalejo F. Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in the adult population of Spain, 2008-2010. Obesity Reviews early online 12th Dec 2011. 2009: Health Survey for England 2009 2010: Health Survey for England 2010 2011: Health Survey for England 2011 (http://www.ic.nhs.uk/searchcatalogue?productid=10152&returnid=1685 last accessed 7th January 2013) 2012: Kansallinen FINRISKI 2012 -terveystutkimus - Osa 2: Tutkimuksen taulukkoliite. http://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/114942 (last accessed 9th November 2017) 2013: Stepaniak, U. et al. (2016) 'Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and overweight among adults in Poland. Results of the WOBASZ II study (2013-2014) and comparison with the WOBASZ study (2003-2005)', Pol Arch Med Wewn, 18; 126(9), pp. 662-671. doi: 10.20452/pamw.3499 2014: Aranceta-Bartrina, J. et al. (2016) 'Prevalence of General Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in the Spanish Adult Population (Aged 25-64 Years) 2014-2015: The ENPE Study', Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed), 69(6), pp. 579-87. doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.02.009. Epub 2016 Apr 26 2015: Health Survey for England 2015. Available at: http://content.digital.nhs.uk/searchcatalogue?productid=23711&returnid=1685 (last accessed 14th December 2016) 2016: Health Survey for England 2016. Available at: https://digital.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB30169 (last accessed 13 December 2017) 2017: Health Survey for England 2017 https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2017 (last accessed 4.12.18) 2018: Irish Government Department of Health. “Healthy Ireland Survey, Summary Report 2019.” 2019. Available at: https://assets.gov.ie/41141/e5d6fea3a59a4720b081893e11fe299e.pdf. (Last accessed: 07/04/21) 2019: Health Survey for England 2019 available at http://digital.nhs.uk/pubs/hse2019 (last accessed 16.12.20) 2022: Health Survey for England 2022. Available at https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2022-part-2 (last accessed 08.10.24) |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
Women
| References: | 1976, 1987, 1993: Visscher TLS, Kromhout D, Seidell J. Long term and recent time trends in the prevalence of obesity among Dutch men and women. IJO 2002;26:1218-24 1981: Royal College of Physicians (1983). Obesity. Reprinted from the Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London Vol 17 (No 1) January 1983 1982: Lahti-Koski M, Vartiainen E, Mannisto S, Pietinen P. Age, education and occupation as determinants of trends in body mass index in Finland from 1982 to 1997. International Journal of Obesity (2000);24:1669-1676 1985: Berg C, Rosengren A, Aires N, :appas G, Toren K, Thelle D, Lissner L. Trends in overweight and obesity from 1985 to 2002 in Goteborg, West Sweden. IJO 2005 Aug;29(8):916-24 1990: Aranceta J, Perex Rodrigo C, Serra Majem LI et al. Prevalence od Obesity in Spain: SEEDO'97 study. Spanish Collaborative Group for the Study of Obesity. Med Clin (Barc). 1998;117:441-5 1992: Lahti-Koski M, Pietinen P, Munnisto S, Vartiainen E. Trends in waist to hip ratio and its determinants in adults in Finland from 1987 to 1997. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000;72:1436-1444 1995: Health Survey for England 1995. 1996: Health Survey for England 1996. 1997: Pomerleau J, Pudule I, Grinberga D, Kadziauskiene K, Abaravicius A, Bartkeviciute R, Vaask S, Robertson A, McKee M. Patterns of body weight in the Baltic Republics. Public Health Nutrition. 2000;3:3-10 1998: Health Survey for England 1998. 1999: Health Survey for England 1999. 2000: Health Survey for England 2000. 2001: Health Survey for England 2001. 2002, 2007: Barzda A, Bartkevičiūtė R, Stukas R, Šatkutė R, Abaravičius JA. Lietuvos gyventojų kūno masės indekso pokyčiai 1997-2007 metais. Sveikatos mokslai 2009;3:2406-2410. (no English translation) 2003: Health Survey for England 2003. 2004: Health Survey for England 2004. 2005: Health Survey for England 2005. 2006: Health Survey for England 2006. 2008: Gutierrez-Fisac JL, Guallar-Castillion P, Leon-Munoz LM, Graciani A, Banegas JR & Rodriguez-Artalejo F. Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in the adult population of Spain, 2008-2010. Obesity Reviews early online 12th Dec 2011. 2009: Health Survey for England 2009 2010: Health Survey for England 2010 2011: Health Survey for England 2011 (http://www.ic.nhs.uk/searchcatalogue?productid=10152&returnid=1685 last accessed 7th January 2013) 2012: Kansallinen FINRISKI 2012 -terveystutkimus - Osa 2: Tutkimuksen taulukkoliite. http://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/114942 (last accessed 9th November 2017) 2013: Stepaniak, U. et al. (2016) 'Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and overweight among adults in Poland. Results of the WOBASZ II study (2013-2014) and comparison with the WOBASZ study (2003-2005)', Pol Arch Med Wewn, 18; 126(9), pp. 662-671. doi: 10.20452/pamw.3499 2014: Aranceta-Bartrina, J. et al. (2016) 'Prevalence of General Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in the Spanish Adult Population (Aged 25-64 Years) 2014-2015: The ENPE Study', Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed), 69(6), pp. 579-87. doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.02.009. Epub 2016 Apr 26 2015: Health Survey for England 2015. Available at: http://content.digital.nhs.uk/searchcatalogue?productid=23711&returnid=1685 (last accessed 14th December 2016) 2016: Health Survey for England 2016. Available at: https://digital.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB30169 (last accessed 13 December 2017) 2017: Health Survey for England 2017 https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2017 (last accessed 4.12.18) 2018: Irish Government Department of Health. “Healthy Ireland Survey, Summary Report 2019.” 2019. Available at: https://assets.gov.ie/41141/e5d6fea3a59a4720b081893e11fe299e.pdf. (Last accessed: 07/04/21) 2019: Health Survey for England 2019 available at http://digital.nhs.uk/pubs/hse2019 (last accessed 16.12.20) 2022: Health Survey for England 2022. Available at https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2022-part-2 (last accessed 08.10.24) |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
% Adults living with obesity in selected countries worldwide 1976-2018, selected countries
Men
| References: | 1960, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1988, 1991: Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kuczmarski RJ, Johnson CL. Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960-1994. International Journal of Obesity (1998);22:39-47 1975: Monteiro CA, Conde WL, Popking BM. Is obesity replacing or adding to undernutrition? Evidence from different social classes in Brazil. 2002. Public Health Nutrition:51(1A), 105-112 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1982, 1993: Rodriguez-Ojea A, Jimenez S, Berdasco A, Esquivel M. The nutrition transition in Cuba in the nineties:an overview. Public health Nutrition 2002:5(1A), 129-133 1985: Berg C, Rosengren A, Aires N, :appas G, Toren K, Thelle D, Lissner L. Trends in overweight and obesity from 1985 to 2002 in Goteborg, West Sweden. IJO 2005 Aug;29(8):916-24 1990: Berg C, Rosengren A, Aires N, :appas G, Toren K, Thelle D, Lissner L. Trends in overweight and obesity from 1985 to 2002 in Goteborg, West Sweden. IJO 2005 online published ahead of print. 1992: Uauy R, Albal C, Kain J. Obesity Trends in Latin America: Transiting from Under-to Overweight. Journal of Nutrition 2001;131:S893-S899 1995: Health Survey for England 1995. 1996: Health Survey for England 1996. 1997: Filozof C, Gonzales C, Sereday M, Mazza C, Braguinsky J. Obesity prevalence and trends in Latin American countries. Obesity Reviews, 2001;2:99-196 1998: Scottish Health Survey 1998 1999: Health Survey for England 1999. 2000: Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA 2006;295(13):1549-1555 2001: Health Survey for England 2001. 2002: Monteiro CA, Conde WL and Popkin BA. (2007). Income-specific trends in obesity in Brazil: 1975 - 2003. American Journal of Public Health, 97 (10): 1808 - 1812. 2003: 2003 ENS Report. Final results on the National Health Survey. Http://epi.minsal.cl/epi/html/invest/ENS/informeFinalENS.pdf. 2004: Health Survey for England 2004. 2005: Health Survey for England 2005. 2006: Health Survey for England 2006. 2007: Peltonen M, Harald K, Männistö S, Saarikoski L, Lund L, Sundvall J, Juolevi A, Laatikainen T, Aldén-Nieminen H, Luoto R, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Taimi M, Vartiainen E. Kansallinen FINRISKI 2007 –terveystutkimus, Tutkimuksen toteutus ja tulokset: Taulukkoliite. Kansanterveyslaitos. Yliopistopaino, Helsinki 2008. 2008: Health Survey for England 2008. 2009: NHANES Survey - Published in Flegal KM, Carrolll MD, Kit BK, Ogden CL. Prevalence of Obesity and Trends in the Distribution of Body Mass Index Among US Adults, 1999-2010. JAMA Published online January 17, 2012. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.39 2010: Health Survey for England 2010 2011: Ruopeng An, “Prevalence and Trends of Adult Obesity in the US, 1999–2012”, ISRN Obesity, vol. 2014, Article ID 185132, 6 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/185132 2012: Scottish Health Survey http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0043/00434590.pdf 2013: Flegal KM, Kruszon-Moran D, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014. JAMA. 2016;315(21):2284-2291. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6458. 2014: Australian National Health Survey, 2014-15 First Results. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4364.0.55.001Appendix22014-15?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=4364.0.55.001&issue=2014-15&num=&view= (last accessed 27th September 2017) 2015: NHANES 2015/16. Analysis conducted by the World Obesity Federation, Caroline Litts, Fiona Montague & R Jackson-Leach 2017 2016: Scottish Health Survey 2016 (http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/10/2970/downloads last accessed 3rd October 2017) Link to Key stats report - http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0052/00525366.pdf Link to Main Report - http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0052/00525472.pdf 2017: Health Survey for England 2017 https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2017 (last accessed 4.12.18) 2018: National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2018 published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Available at https://www.nibiohn.go.jp/eiken/kenkounippon21/download_files/eiyouchousa/2018.pdf (last accessed 17.05.21) 2019: Pesquisa nacional de saúde : 2019 : ciclos de vida : Brasil / IBGE, Coordenação de Trabalho e Rendimento. - Rio de Janeiro : IBGE, 2021. Available at https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/health/16840-national-survey-of-health.html?=&t=resultados (last accessed 04.04.23) 2022: Health Survey for England 2022. Available at https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2022-part-2 (last accessed 08.10.24) |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
Women
| References: | 1960, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1988, 1991: Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kuczmarski RJ, Johnson CL. Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960-1994. International Journal of Obesity (1998);22:39-47 1975: Monteiro CA, Conde WL, Popking BM. Is obesity replacing or adding to undernutrition? Evidence from different social classes in Brazil. 2002. Public Health Nutrition:51(1A), 105-112 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1982, 1993: Rodriguez-Ojea A, Jimenez S, Berdasco A, Esquivel M. The nutrition transition in Cuba in the nineties:an overview. Public health Nutrition 2002:5(1A), 129-133 1985: Berg C, Rosengren A, Aires N, :appas G, Toren K, Thelle D, Lissner L. Trends in overweight and obesity from 1985 to 2002 in Goteborg, West Sweden. IJO 2005 Aug;29(8):916-24 1990: Berg C, Rosengren A, Aires N, :appas G, Toren K, Thelle D, Lissner L. Trends in overweight and obesity from 1985 to 2002 in Goteborg, West Sweden. IJO 2005 online published ahead of print. 1992: Uauy R, Albal C, Kain J. Obesity Trends in Latin America: Transiting from Under-to Overweight. Journal of Nutrition 2001;131:S893-S899 1995: Health Survey for England 1995. 1996: Health Survey for England 1996. 1997: Filozof C, Gonzales C, Sereday M, Mazza C, Braguinsky J. Obesity prevalence and trends in Latin American countries. Obesity Reviews, 2001;2:99-196 1998: Scottish Health Survey 1998 1999: Health Survey for England 1999. 2000: Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA 2006;295(13):1549-1555 2001: Health Survey for England 2001. 2002: Monteiro CA, Conde WL and Popkin BA. (2007). Income-specific trends in obesity in Brazil: 1975 - 2003. American Journal of Public Health, 97 (10): 1808 - 1812. 2003: 2003 ENS Report. Final results on the National Health Survey. Http://epi.minsal.cl/epi/html/invest/ENS/informeFinalENS.pdf. 2004: Health Survey for England 2004. 2005: Health Survey for England 2005. 2006: Health Survey for England 2006. 2007: Peltonen M, Harald K, Männistö S, Saarikoski L, Lund L, Sundvall J, Juolevi A, Laatikainen T, Aldén-Nieminen H, Luoto R, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Taimi M, Vartiainen E. Kansallinen FINRISKI 2007 –terveystutkimus, Tutkimuksen toteutus ja tulokset: Taulukkoliite. Kansanterveyslaitos. Yliopistopaino, Helsinki 2008. 2008: Health Survey for England 2008. 2009: NHANES Survey - Published in Flegal KM, Carrolll MD, Kit BK, Ogden CL. Prevalence of Obesity and Trends in the Distribution of Body Mass Index Among US Adults, 1999-2010. JAMA Published online January 17, 2012. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.39 2010: Health Survey for England 2010 2011: Ruopeng An, “Prevalence and Trends of Adult Obesity in the US, 1999–2012”, ISRN Obesity, vol. 2014, Article ID 185132, 6 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/185132 2012: Scottish Health Survey http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0043/00434590.pdf 2013: Flegal KM, Kruszon-Moran D, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014. JAMA. 2016;315(21):2284-2291. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6458. 2014: Australian National Health Survey, 2014-15 First Results. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4364.0.55.001Appendix22014-15?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=4364.0.55.001&issue=2014-15&num=&view= (last accessed 27th September 2017) 2015: NHANES 2015/16. Analysis conducted by the World Obesity Federation, Caroline Litts, Fiona Montague & R Jackson-Leach 2017 2016: Scottish Health Survey 2016 (http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/10/2970/downloads last accessed 3rd October 2017) Link to Key stats report - http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0052/00525366.pdf Link to Main Report - http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0052/00525472.pdf 2017: Health Survey for England 2017 https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2017 (last accessed 4.12.18) 2018: National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2018 published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Available at https://www.nibiohn.go.jp/eiken/kenkounippon21/download_files/eiyouchousa/2018.pdf (last accessed 17.05.21) 2019: Pesquisa nacional de saúde : 2019 : ciclos de vida : Brasil / IBGE, Coordenação de Trabalho e Rendimento. - Rio de Janeiro : IBGE, 2021. Available at https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/health/16840-national-survey-of-health.html?=&t=resultados (last accessed 04.04.23) 2022: Health Survey for England 2022. Available at https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2022-part-2 (last accessed 08.10.24) |
| Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please check with original data sources for methodologies used. | |
