Tonga
- Forbhreathnú
- Leitheadúlacht murtaill
- Treochtaí le himeacht ama
- Contextual factors
Sonraí á lódáil - fan le do thoil
Riosca náisiúnta murtaill *7,5/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Riosca murtaill na hóige *10/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Leitheadúlacht murtaill
Treochtaí le himeacht ama
Íoslódáil an cárta tuairisce
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Like all chronic diseases, the root causes/drivers of obesity are complex. Select here to view 'other' root causes/drivers.Beathú Cíche
Comhghalrachtaí
Tionchar eacnamaíoch
Polsaithe (ar fáil i mBéarla amháin)
Contextual factors
Leitheadúlacht murtaill
Daoine Fásta, 2017
| Cineál an tsuirbhé: | Tomhaiste |
| Aois: | 18-69 |
| Samplamhéid: | 3858 |
| Ceantar Clúdaithe: | Náisiúnta |
| Tagairtí: | Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
| Mura gcuirtear a mhalairt in iúl, is ionann rómheáchan agus ICM idir 25kg agus 29.9kg/m², is ionann murtall agus ICM níos mó ná 30kg/m². | |
Daoine Fásta, 2012
| Cineál an tsuirbhé: | Tomhaiste |
| Aois: | 25-64 |
| Samplamhéid: | 2599 |
| Ceantar Clúdaithe: | Náisiúnta |
| Tagairtí: | STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) |
| Nótaí: | STEPS |
| Mura gcuirtear a mhalairt in iúl, is ionann rómheáchan agus ICM idir 25kg agus 29.9kg/m², is ionann murtall agus ICM níos mó ná 30kg/m². | |
Daoine Fásta, 2004
| Cineál an tsuirbhé: | Tomhaiste |
| Aois: | 15-64 |
| Samplamhéid: | 958 |
| Ceantar Clúdaithe: | Náisiúnta |
| Tagairtí: | Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 |
| Mura gcuirtear a mhalairt in iúl, is ionann rómheáchan agus ICM idir 25kg agus 29.9kg/m², is ionann murtall agus ICM níos mó ná 30kg/m². | |
Daoine Fásta, 1998-2000
| Cineál an tsuirbhé: | Tomhaiste |
| Aois: | 15-85 |
| Samplamhéid: | 1024 |
| Ceantar Clúdaithe: | Náisiúnta |
| Tagairtí: | Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. |
| Mura gcuirtear a mhalairt in iúl, is ionann rómheáchan agus ICM idir 25kg agus 29.9kg/m², is ionann murtall agus ICM níos mó ná 30kg/m². | |
Páistí, 2019
| Cineál an tsuirbhé: | Tomhaiste |
| Aois: | 0-5 |
| Samplamhéid: | 1271 |
| Ceantar Clúdaithe: | Náisiúnta |
| Tagairtí: | Tonga Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Nuku’alofa, Tonga: Tonga Statistics Department |
| Nótaí: | Infants. |
| Sainmhínithe (ar fáil i mBéarla amháin): | Weight for height. Overweight = +2SD-+3SD. Obesity = >+3SD |
| Cutoffs: | Other |
Páistí, 2017
| Cineál an tsuirbhé: | Féintuairiscithe |
| Aois: | 13-17 |
| Samplamhéid: | 3333 |
| Ceantar Clúdaithe: | Náisiúnta |
| Tagairtí: | Tonga - Global School-Based Student Health Survey 2017 https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/tonga/en/ (Last accessed 20.10.20) |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
Páistí, 2010
| Cineál an tsuirbhé: | Féintuairiscithe |
| Aois: | 13-15 |
| Samplamhéid: | 2111 |
| Ceantar Clúdaithe: | Náisiúnta |
| Tagairtí: | Global School Health Student Survey Factsheet Tonga, available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2010_GSHS_FS_Tonga.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 14.12.20) |
| Cutoffs: | WHO |
Páistí, 2002-2003
| Cineál an tsuirbhé: | Tomhaiste |
| Aois: | 5-11 |
| Samplamhéid: | 895 |
| Tagairtí: | Shoko Fukuyama a; Tsukasa Inaoka b; Yasuhiro Matsumura c; Taro Yamauchi a; Kazumi Natsuhara d; Ryosuke kimura e; Ryutaro Ohtsuka f. Anthropometry of 5-19-year-old Tongan children with special interest in the high prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls. Annals of Human Biology, Volume 32, Issue 6 November 2005 , pages 714 - 723 |
| Nótaí: | IOTF Cut off. Reference: Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3 |
| Cutoffs: | IOTF |
% na ndaoine fásta atá ag maireachtáil leis an murtall, 1998-2017
Mná
| Cineál an tsuirbhé: | Tomhaiste |
| Tagairtí: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
| Mura gcuirtear a mhalairt in iúl, is ionann rómheáchan agus ICM idir 25kg agus 29.9kg/m², is ionann murtall agus ICM níos mó ná 30kg/m². | |
| D'fhéadfadh sé gur úsáideadh modheolaíochtaí éagsúla chun na sonraí seo a bhailiú agus mar sin d'fhéadfadh sé nach bhfuil sonraí ó shuirbhéanna éagsúla inchomparáide go cruinn. Féach na bunfhoinsí sonraí faoi choinne na modheolaíochtaí a úsáideadh | |
Fir
| Cineál an tsuirbhé: | Tomhaiste |
| Tagairtí: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
| Mura gcuirtear a mhalairt in iúl, is ionann rómheáchan agus ICM idir 25kg agus 29.9kg/m², is ionann murtall agus ICM níos mó ná 30kg/m². | |
| D'fhéadfadh sé gur úsáideadh modheolaíochtaí éagsúla chun na sonraí seo a bhailiú agus mar sin d'fhéadfadh sé nach bhfuil sonraí ó shuirbhéanna éagsúla inchomparáide go cruinn. Féach na bunfhoinsí sonraí faoi choinne na modheolaíochtaí a úsáideadh | |
% na ndaoine fásta atá ag maireachtáil le rómheáchan nó leis an murtall, 1998-2017
Mná
| Cineál an tsuirbhé: | Tomhaiste |
| Tagairtí: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
| Mura gcuirtear a mhalairt in iúl, is ionann rómheáchan agus ICM idir 25kg agus 29.9kg/m², is ionann murtall agus ICM níos mó ná 30kg/m². | |
| D'fhéadfadh sé gur úsáideadh modheolaíochtaí éagsúla chun na sonraí seo a bhailiú agus mar sin d'fhéadfadh sé nach bhfuil sonraí ó shuirbhéanna éagsúla inchomparáide go cruinn. Féach na bunfhoinsí sonraí faoi choinne na modheolaíochtaí a úsáideadh | |
Fir
| Cineál an tsuirbhé: | Tomhaiste |
| Tagairtí: | 1998: Colaguir S, Colagiuri R, Na'ati S, Muimuiheata S, Hussain Z and Palau T. (2002). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga. Diabetes care, 25: 1378 - 1383. 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2012: STEPS Survey Tonga 2012 available at https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2012_Tonga_STEPSReport.pdf (last accessed 04.05.2020) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) |
| Mura gcuirtear a mhalairt in iúl, is ionann rómheáchan agus ICM idir 25kg agus 29.9kg/m², is ionann murtall agus ICM níos mó ná 30kg/m². | |
| D'fhéadfadh sé gur úsáideadh modheolaíochtaí éagsúla chun na sonraí seo a bhailiú agus mar sin d'fhéadfadh sé nach bhfuil sonraí ó shuirbhéanna éagsúla inchomparáide go cruinn. Féach na bunfhoinsí sonraí faoi choinne na modheolaíochtaí a úsáideadh | |
% na ndaoine fásta atá ag maireachtáil leis an murtall, tíortha roghnaithe, 1976-2023
Fir
| Tagairtí: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993: Solon FS. Nutrition related chronic diseases in the Philippines. Makati city, Philippines: Nutrition Center of the Philippines Report Series, vol 2, No.1, cited in Reference 53 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Data provided by the Philippean Depatment of Health, Dr C. Barbu, data reanalysed by Dr Charmaine Duante. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey. 2007: Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, Kamaruddin NA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Ali O, Isa SH, Bebakar WM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(1):35-41. 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011, 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20) 2014: New Zealand Health Survey 2014/15. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2014-15-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 16.12.2015) 2015: 2015 Philippine Anthropometric Survey. http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/preview.php?xx=%20uploads/2015_ANTHROPOMETRIC_SURVEY.pdf 2016: Ministry of Health. 2018. Annual Data Explorer 2017/18: New Zealand Health Survey [Data File]. URL: https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2017-18-annual-data-explorer/(last accessed 14th December 2017) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) 2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators accessed 14.11.19) 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) |
| D'fhéadfadh sé gur úsáideadh modheolaíochtaí éagsúla chun na sonraí seo a bhailiú agus mar sin d'fhéadfadh sé nach bhfuil sonraí ó shuirbhéanna éagsúla inchomparáide go cruinn. Féach na bunfhoinsí sonraí faoi choinne na modheolaíochtaí a úsáideadh | |
Mná
| Tagairtí: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993: Solon FS. Nutrition related chronic diseases in the Philippines. Makati city, Philippines: Nutrition Center of the Philippines Report Series, vol 2, No.1, cited in Reference 53 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Data provided by the Philippean Depatment of Health, Dr C. Barbu, data reanalysed by Dr Charmaine Duante. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey. 2007: Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, Kamaruddin NA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Ali O, Isa SH, Bebakar WM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(1):35-41. 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011, 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20) 2014: New Zealand Health Survey 2014/15. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2014-15-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 16.12.2015) 2015: 2015 Philippine Anthropometric Survey. http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/preview.php?xx=%20uploads/2015_ANTHROPOMETRIC_SURVEY.pdf 2016: Ministry of Health. 2018. Annual Data Explorer 2017/18: New Zealand Health Survey [Data File]. URL: https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2017-18-annual-data-explorer/(last accessed 14th December 2017) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) 2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators accessed 14.11.19) 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) |
| D'fhéadfadh sé gur úsáideadh modheolaíochtaí éagsúla chun na sonraí seo a bhailiú agus mar sin d'fhéadfadh sé nach bhfuil sonraí ó shuirbhéanna éagsúla inchomparáide go cruinn. Féach na bunfhoinsí sonraí faoi choinne na modheolaíochtaí a úsáideadh | |
