It-Tajwan
- Deskrizzjoni Ġenerali
- Prevalenza tal-obeżità
- Xejriet maż-żmien
- Kawżi
- Komorbiditajiet
- Politiki
- Contextual factors
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Riskju nazzjonali tal-obeżità *7/10This is a composite ‘obesity risk’ score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of meeting the 2025 target, treatment indicator and childhood stunting levels.Riskju ta' obeżità fit-tfal *7.5/11This is a ‘risk score’ for each country’s likelihood of having or acquiring a major childhood obesity problem during the 2020s, taking account of current prevalence levels and risk for future obesity (based on stunting among infants, maternal obesity, maternal smoking, and breastfeeding rates).
Prevalenza tal-obeżità
Xejriet maż-żmien
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Komorbiditajiet
Contextual factors
Prevalenza tal-obeżità
Adulti, 2013-2014
| Tip ta' stħarriġ: | Imkejjel |
| Età: | 19+ |
| Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 1440 |
| Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
| Referenzi: | Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 |
| Noti: | Uses Taiwan BMI criteria. We have presented BMI >30 as obesity. |
| Sakemm ma jiġix indikat mod ieħor, il-piż żejjed jirreferi għal BMI bejn 25kg u 29.9kg/m², l-obeżità tirreferi għal BMI akbar minn 30kg/m². | |
Adulti, 2005-2008
| Tip ta' stħarriġ: | Imkejjel |
| Età: | 19+ |
| Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 1673 |
| Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
| Referenzi: | Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 |
| Noti: | Uses Taiwan BMI criteria. We have presented BMI >30 as obesity. |
| Sakemm ma jiġix indikat mod ieħor, il-piż żejjed jirreferi għal BMI bejn 25kg u 29.9kg/m², l-obeżità tirreferi għal BMI akbar minn 30kg/m². | |
Adulti, 2003-2006
| Tip ta' stħarriġ: | Imkejjel |
| Età: | 19+ |
| Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 2787 |
| Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
| Referenzi: | Yeh, Chih-Jung, et al. "Time Trend of Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome and Related Dietary Pattern in Taiwan: From NAHSIT 1993-1996 to NAHSIT 2005-2008." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 20, no. 2, 2011, pp. 292-300. |
| Noti: | BMI >27 also available NB. Combined adult data estimated. These estimates were calculated by weighting male and female survey results. Weighting based on World Bank Population % total female 2019 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS - accessed 21.10.20)' |
| Sakemm ma jiġix indikat mod ieħor, il-piż żejjed jirreferi għal BMI bejn 25kg u 29.9kg/m², l-obeżità tirreferi għal BMI akbar minn 30kg/m². | |
Adulti, 1993-1996
| Tip ta' stħarriġ: | Imkejjel |
| Età: | 19+ |
| Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 2860 |
| Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
| Referenzi: | Yeh, Chih-Jung, et al. "Time Trend of Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome and Related Dietary Pattern in Taiwan: From NAHSIT 1993-1996 to NAHSIT 2005-2008." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 20, no. 2, 2011, pp. 292-300. |
| Noti: | BMI > 27 also available |
| Sakemm ma jiġix indikat mod ieħor, il-piż żejjed jirreferi għal BMI bejn 25kg u 29.9kg/m², l-obeżità tirreferi għal BMI akbar minn 30kg/m². | |
Adulti, 1993-1996
| Tip ta' stħarriġ: | Imkejjel |
| Età: | 19+ |
| Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 3071 |
| Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
| Referenzi: | Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 |
| Noti: | Uses Taiwan BMI criteria. We have presented BMI >30 as obesity. |
| Sakemm ma jiġix indikat mod ieħor, il-piż żejjed jirreferi għal BMI bejn 25kg u 29.9kg/m², l-obeżità tirreferi għal BMI akbar minn 30kg/m². | |
Tfal, 2006-2007
| Tip ta' stħarriġ: | Imkejjel |
| Età: | 10-18 |
| Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 29313 |
| Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
| Referenzi: | Hsu YW, Liou TH, Liou YM, Chen HJ, Chien LY. Measurements and profiles of body weight misperceptions among Taiwanese teenagers: a national survey. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2016;25(1):108-17. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2016.25.2.08. PMID: 26965769. |
| Noti: | Also has prevalence by of based on recommended BMI classification according to the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. |
| Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Tfal, 2001
| Tip ta' stħarriġ: | Imkejjel |
| Età: | 6-18 |
| Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 24586 |
| Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
| Referenzi: | Chen LJ, Fox KR, Haase A and Wang JM. (2006). Obesity, fitness and health in Taiwanese children and adolescents. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 60: 1367 - 1375. |
| Noti: | IOTF Cut off. Reference: Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3. NB. Combined child data estimated. These estimates were calculated by weighting male and female survey results. Weighting based on World Bank Population % total female 2019 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS - accessed 21.10.20)' |
| Cutoffs: | IOTF |
Tfal, 1999
| Tip ta' stħarriġ: | Imkejjel |
| Età: | 6-17 |
| Id-daqs tal-kampjun: | 13935 |
| Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
| Referenzi: | Chen LJ, Fox KR, Haase A, Wang JM. Obesity, fitness and health in Taiwanese children and adolescents. EJCN 2006;online published ahead of print |
| Noti: | IOTF Cut off. Reference: Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3 |
| Cutoffs: | IOTF |
% Adulti li jgħixu bl-obeżità, 1993-2014
| Tip ta' stħarriġ: | Imkejjel |
| Referenzi: | Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 |
| Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingliż biss): | Other Cut offs available |
| Sakemm ma jiġix indikat mod ieħor, il-piż żejjed jirreferi għal BMI bejn 25kg u 29.9kg/m², l-obeżità tirreferi għal BMI akbar minn 30kg/m². | |
| Metodoloġiji differenti setgħu ntużaw biex tinġabar din id-dejta u għalhekk dejta minn stħarriġ differenti tista’ ma tkunx strettament komparabbli. Jekk jogħġbok iċċekkja mas-sorsi tad-dejta oriġinali għall-metodoloġiji użati | |
% Adulti li jgħixu bl-obeżità, pajjiżi magħżula, 1976-2023
Irġiel
| Referenzi: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993: Solon FS. Nutrition related chronic diseases in the Philippines. Makati city, Philippines: Nutrition Center of the Philippines Report Series, vol 2, No.1, cited in Reference 53 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Data provided by the Philippean Depatment of Health, Dr C. Barbu, data reanalysed by Dr Charmaine Duante. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey. 2007: Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, Kamaruddin NA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Ali O, Isa SH, Bebakar WM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(1):35-41. 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011, 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20) 2014: New Zealand Health Survey 2014/15. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2014-15-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 16.12.2015) 2015: 2015 Philippine Anthropometric Survey. http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/preview.php?xx=%20uploads/2015_ANTHROPOMETRIC_SURVEY.pdf 2016: Ministry of Health. 2018. Annual Data Explorer 2017/18: New Zealand Health Survey [Data File]. URL: https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2017-18-annual-data-explorer/(last accessed 14th December 2017) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) 2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators accessed 14.11.19) 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) |
| Metodoloġiji differenti setgħu ntużaw biex tinġabar din id-dejta u għalhekk dejta minn stħarriġ differenti tista’ ma tkunx strettament komparabbli. Jekk jogħġbok iċċekkja mas-sorsi tad-dejta oriġinali għall-metodoloġiji użati | |
Nisa
| Referenzi: | 1976, 1981, 1986: Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, Arai Y, Kawano M, Furuhata T, Inoue S. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obesity Reviews 2002;3:183-190 1993: Solon FS. Nutrition related chronic diseases in the Philippines. Makati city, Philippines: Nutrition Center of the Philippines Report Series, vol 2, No.1, cited in Reference 53 1995, 1996: Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. EJCN (2000) 54;247-252 1998: Data provided by the Philippean Depatment of Health, Dr C. Barbu, data reanalysed by Dr Charmaine Duante. 2000: Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia-Pacific region. Obesity Reviews 2007;8:191-196. 2001: SCN (2004). 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Appendix 11 2002: Report of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. 2004. (In Chinese). Chinese Ministry of Public Health (CMPH). 2003: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf (last accessed June 14th 2011) 2004: Tonga STEPS Survey 2004 2005, 2013: Chang HC, Yang HC, Chang HY, et al. Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0169577. Published 2017 Feb 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577 2006: Gerritsen S, Stefanogiannis N, Galloway Y, Devlin M, Templaton R and Yeh L. A portrait of health: key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey. 2007: Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, Kamaruddin NA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Ali O, Isa SH, Bebakar WM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(1):35-41. 2009: Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. and Popkin, B. (2012), The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity Reviews. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x 2011, 2012: New Zealand Health Survey. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 14.07.20) 2014: New Zealand Health Survey 2014/15. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2014-15-new-zealand-health-survey (last accessed 16.12.2015) 2015: 2015 Philippine Anthropometric Survey. http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/preview.php?xx=%20uploads/2015_ANTHROPOMETRIC_SURVEY.pdf 2016: Ministry of Health. 2018. Annual Data Explorer 2017/18: New Zealand Health Survey [Data File]. URL: https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2017-18-annual-data-explorer/(last accessed 14th December 2017) 2017: Tonga STEPS Survey 2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713 (Last accessed 13.10.20) 2018: New Zealand Health Survey 2018-19. New Zealand Ministry of Health (https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicators accessed 14.11.19) 2019: Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs – Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 2020: Annual Update of New Zealand Health Survey 2020/2021 available at https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2020-21-new-zealand-health-survey Accessed 08.11.21. 2022: Australian National Health Survey 2022-2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/waist-circumference-and-bmi/2022#body-mass-index-bmi- (Accessed 03.01.2024) |
| Metodoloġiji differenti setgħu ntużaw biex tinġabar din id-dejta u għalhekk dejta minn stħarriġ differenti tista’ ma tkunx strettament komparabbli. Jekk jogħġbok iċċekkja mas-sorsi tad-dejta oriġinali għall-metodoloġiji użati | |
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Adulti, 2017
| Tip ta' stħarriġ: | Imkejjel |
| Età: | 25+ |
| Referenzi: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingliż biss): | Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day) |
Konsum stmat ta' laħam ipproċessat per capita
Adulti, 2017
| Tip ta' stħarriġ: | Imkejjel |
| Età: | 25+ |
| Referenzi: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingliż biss): | Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day) |
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Adulti, 2017
| Tip ta' stħarriġ: | Imkejjel |
| Età: | 25+ |
| Referenzi: | Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/ |
| Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingliż biss): | Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day) |
Prevalenza tad-dijabete
Adulti, 2021
| Età: | 20-79 |
| Erja Koperta: | Nazzjonali |
| Referenzi: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingliż biss): | Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % |
Adulti, 2019
| Età: | 20-79 |
| Referenzi: | Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium: 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
| Definizzjonijiet (disponibbli bl-Ingliż biss): | Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%). |
Policies, Interventions and Actions
Contextual factors
Disclaimer: These contextual factors should be interpreted with care. Results are updated as regularly as possible and use very specific criteria. The criteria used and full definitions are available for download at the bottom of this page.
Tap on a tick to find out more about policies influencing this factor.
Labelling
| Is there mandatory nutrition labelling? | Present |
| Front-of-package labelling? | Unknown |
| Back-of-pack nutrition declaration? | Unknown |
| Color coding? | Absent |
| Warning label? | Absent |
Regulation and marketing
| Are there fiscal policies on unhealthy products? | Absent |
| Tax on unhealthy foods? | Absent |
| Tax on unhealthy drinks? | Absent |
| Are there fiscal policies on healthy products? | Absent |
| Subsidy on fruits? | Absent |
| Subsidy on vegetables? | Absent |
| Subsidy on other healthy products? | Absent |
| Mandatory limit or ban of trans fat (all settings)? | Absent |
| Mandatory limit of trans fats in place (all settings)? | Absent |
| Ban on trans-fats or phos in place (all settings)? | Absent |
| Are there any mandatory policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
| Mandatory restriction on broadcast media? | Absent |
| Mandatory restriction on non-broadcast media? | Absent |
| Voluntary policies/marketing restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food/drinks to children? | Absent |
| Are there mandatory standards for food in schools? | Absent |
| Are there any mandatory nutrient limits in any manufactured food products? | Absent |
| Nutrition standards for public sector procurement? | Absent |
Political will and support
| National obesity strategy or nutrition and physical activity national strategy? | Absent |
| National obesity strategy? | Absent |
| National childhood obesity strategy? | Absent |
| Comprehensive nutrition strategy? | Absent |
| Comprehensive physical activity strategy? | Absent |
| Evidence-based dietary guidelines and/or RDAs? | Present |
| National target(s) on reducing obesity? | Absent |
| Guidelines/policy on obesity treatment? | Present |
| Promotion of breastfeeding? | Absent |
Monitoring and surveillance
| Monitoring of the prevalence and incidence for the main obesity-related NCDs and risk factors? | Present |
| Within 5 years? | Absent |
Governance and resource
| Multi-sectoral national co-ordination mechanism for obesity or nutrition (including obesity)? | Unknown |
Key
Present
Present (voluntary)
Incoming
Absent
Unknown
Last updated November 27, 2022
Download contextual factors as a PDF Contextual factors definitions
